Editing Recall election (section)

=== Switzerland ===
While recalls are not provided for at the federal level in Switzerland, six [[Cantons of Switzerland|cantons]] allow them:<ref name=NZZ>{{cite news|last=Jankovsky|first=Peter|title=Der Versuch, eine Exekutive zu stoppen|newspaper=[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]|date=22 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/00344893.2015.1056219|title=The History of a Dormant Institution: Legal Norms and the Practice of Recall in Switzerland|journal=Representation|volume=51|issue=2|pages=161–172|year=2015|last1=Serdült|first1=Uwe|s2cid=153335791}}</ref>
*[[Canton of Bern|Bern]]: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1846. 30,000 signatures (4% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There has been one unsuccessful attempt to recall the executive in 1852 (the 'Schatzgelder' affair).
*[[Schaffhausen]]: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1876. 1,000 signatures (2% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There has been one unsuccessful attempt to recall the executive in 2000, triggered by the lawyer and cantonal MP Gerold Meier.
*[[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]]: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1869. 6,000 signatures (3% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There has been one unsuccessful attempt to recall the executive and legislative in 1995 (related to a banking scandal). Three further attempts (in 1887, 1961 and 1973) failed to collect the necessary number of signatures.
*[[Ticino]]: Recall of the executive has been possible since 1892. 15,000 signatures (7% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There has been one unsuccessful recall attempt in 1942. In addition, recall of municipal executives has been possible since 2011. Signatures of 30% of all adult citizens are required to trigger a recall referendum.
*[[Thurgau]]: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1869. 20,000 signatures (13% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There have been no recall attempts.
*[[Canton of Uri|Uri]]: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1888. Since 1979, 600 signatures (3% of all adult citizens) have been required to trigger a recall referendum. In addition, recall of municipal executives and legislatives has been possible since 2011. Signatures of 10% of registered voters are required to trigger a recall referendum. There have been no recall attempts either at the cantonal or municipal levels.

The possibility of recall referendums (together with the popular election of executives, the [[Popular initiative|initiative]] and the legislative referendum) was introduced into several cantonal constitutions after the 1860s in the course of a broad movement for democratic reform. The instrument has never been of any practical importance—the few attempts at recall so far have failed, usually because the required number of signatures was not collected—and it was abolished in the course of constitutional revisions in [[Aargau]] (1980), [[Baselland]] (1984) and [[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]] (2007). The only successful recall so far happened in the Canton of Aargau in the year 1862. However, the possibility of recalling municipal executives was newly introduced in Ticino in 2011, with 59% of voters in favor, as a reaction to the perceived problem of squabbling and dysfunctional municipal governments.<ref name=NZZ />