Editing Rave (section)

===United States===
====Origins in disco and psychedelia (1970s)====
{{See also|Circuit party}}
The American electronic dance music scene is one of the earliest, and rave culture has its roots in the "[[circuit party|circuit parties]]" and disco clubs of the late 1970s. These were scattered in cities large and small throughout the United States, from [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] to [[Cleveland]] to [[Aspen, Colorado]]. Cities like Chicago, Detroit, Miami, and New York City soon saw the rise of electronic music genres foundational to rave culture, such as [[house music]], [[techno]], and [[breakbeat]]. American ravers, like their UK and European counterparts, have been compared to the hippies of the 1960s due to their shared interest in non-violence and psychedelia.<ref>Energy Flash, Simon Reynolds, (p276 & 290), 1998, Macmillan Publishers ({{ISBN|0330350560}})</ref> Rave culture incorporated disco culture's same love of dance music spun by DJs, drug exploration, sexual promiscuity, and hedonism. Although disco culture had thrived in the mainstream, the rave culture would make an effort to stay underground to avoid the animosity that was still surrounding disco and dance music. The key motive for remaining underground in many parts of the US had to do with curfew and the standard 2:00&nbsp;am closing of clubs. It was a desire to keep the party going past legal hours that created the underground direction. Because of the legality, they had to be secretive about time and place.

==== Growth in Chicago (1980s) ====
Within the early 1980s Chicago created "[[House music]]" and quickly grew with the city. This music scene has been one of the earliest and most influential scenes in dance music history. [[Frankie Knuckles]] also known as "Godfather of House Music"<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Frankie Knuckles Became The Godfather Of House Music |language=en |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/04/02/298328965/how-frankie-knuckles-became-the-godfather-of-house-music |access-date=2022-08-02}}</ref> who was a dj-producer that was considered to have invented "Chicago House Music". He would mix a range of disco classics, indie-label soul tunes, European synth-disco that is now considered to be "[[House music|House Music]]". Frankie played his house beats at [[Warehouse (nightclub)|The Warehouse]] (1977–1982) that was a club for members only, that attracted many black gay men but his music gained a wider crowd which then attracted straighter, whiter crowds. Leading its owner of the club, Robert Williams, to get rid of memberships entirely. Frankie left to create his own club called, "Power Plant" (1983–1985)<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Matos |first1=Michaelangelo |date=1 April 2014 |title=House DJ Frankie Knuckles Dead at 59 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/frankie-knuckles-godfather-of-house-music-dead-at-59-243506/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref> which gained the attention of an entirely diverse crowd. He created his House music by using his own edits and extending the grooves within the tunes to keep the dance floor filled all-night. Ultimately, this phenomenon spread exponentially throughout Chicago during 1986–1987. Chicago house influenced music which is what created "House Music" in England during 1986<ref>{{Cite web |title=house {{!}} music {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/house-music |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> this is what grew into Electronic Dance Music today.

====New York Raves and Party Promoters (1980s)====
In the late 1980s, rave culture began to filter through into North America from English expatriates and from US DJs who would visit Europe. However, rave culture's major expansion in North America is often credited to [[Frankie Bones]], who after spinning a party in an aircraft hangar in England, helped organise some of the earliest American raves in the 1990s in New York City called "Storm Raves". Storm Raves had a consistent core audience, fostered by zines by fellow Storm DJ (and co-founder, with Adam X and Frankie Bones, of the US techno record store, Groove Records). [[Heather Heart]] held Under One Sky. Simultaneously in NYC, events were introducing electronic dance music to this city's dance scene. Between 1992 and 1994, promotional groups sprung up across the east coast.

====Southern California and Latin America (1990s)====
In the 1990s, San Diego held large raves with audiences of thousands. These festivals were held on Indian reservations and ski resorts during the summer months and were headlined by DJs such as Doc Martin, Daniel [[Moontribe]], Dimitri of [[Deee-lite]], Afrika Islam and the [[Hardkiss]] brothers from San Francisco. They helped to create the Right to Dance movement—a non-violent protest held in San Diego and later in Los Angeles.

Featuring local San Diego DJs Jon Bishop, Steve Pagan, Alien Tom, Jeff Skot, Jon-e Thin, Paolo, Merlyn, Gmaxim, Tony Fiore, Damon and Mark E. Quark performed at these events. The events used large props and themes. The fairy and pixie craze, with ravers getting fairy tattoos and wearing fairy wings to parties was associated with the region. The percussive group [[Crash Worship]] was active here.

In 1993 out of the Los Angeles underground rave movement came [[Moontribe]] the original Southern California Full Moon Gathering and featured Dj's [[Daniel Moontribe]] (aka Daniel Chavez aka [[Dcomplex]] aka [[Dcomplexity]]) and more.

====Growth in California====
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, there was a boom in rave culture in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]]. At first, small underground parties sprung up all over the [[South of Market, San Francisco|SOMA]] district in vacant warehouses, loft spaces, and clubs. The no alcohol rule fuelled the ecstasy-driven parties. Small underground raves were just starting out and expanding beyond SF to include the East Bay, the South Bay area including San Jose, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz beaches.

In late 1991, raves started to expand across northern California, and cities like Sacramento, Oakland, Silicon Valley (Palo Alto, San Jose). The massive parties were taking place in outdoor fields, aeroplane hangars and hilltops that surround the valley. San Francisco's early promoters and DJs were from the UK and Europe. Raves took place in some of the SOMA art museum event such as, 'Where the wild things are' in the museum on top of the Sony Metreon, and in the Maritime hall (1998–2002).

By the end of 1994, a new generation of ravers were attracted by the new sounds. EDM began to become popular. Raves could be found in many different kinds of venues, as opposed to just basements and warehouses. Promoters started to take notice and put together the massives of the late 1990s with many music forms under one roof for 12-hour events. Until 2003, the raves scene continued to grow slow and stay stable until there was increasingly awareness and publicity about illicit drug usage at raves, particularly ecstasy. Parallel to the rave scene growth, was an increase in anti drug policies, which were directly aimed and indirectly influenced rave organizational management and event. On 30 April 2003, the US Congress passed the [[Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act]], which has origins from a similarly purposed, but not passed, 2002 bill. That bill is notably named The [[Reducing Americans' Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act|RAVE Act]]. Consequentially, by mid 2000s and late 2000s larger raves appeared more sporadically.<ref name="archive.attn.com">{{cite web |last1=Benson |first1=Thor |title=A Brief History of Raves in the U.S. |url=https://archive.attn.com/stories/3978/history-of-raves-united-states |website=attn |date=7 November 2015 |access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref> Nevertheless, and parallel to new city ordinances regarding curfews and drug enforcement, rave event promoter companies like Go ventures and [[Insomniac (promoter)|Insomniac]] persisted and continued annual scheduled rave events like [[Monster Massive]], [[Together as One (festival)|Together as One]], and [[Electric Daisy Carnival]]. From this base of routine and consistency scheduled events, the rave scene reemerged with in 2010 with even more attendance and dance locations. The overwhelming attendance, including from lack of underage attendance restrictions, reached a changing point with the 185,000 estimated in attendance 2010 [[Electric Daisy Carnival]] (EDC). That 2010 event gained widespread attention because of the death and overdose of a 15-year-old girl, Sasha Rodriguez.<ref name="archive.attn.com"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lin II|first1=Rong-Gong|last2=Ardalani | first2=Sarah|title= Girl, 15, dies after weekend rave at L.A. Coliseum. |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-rave-death-20100630-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times|date=30 June 2010|access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref> The death prompted an investigation of EDC's Insomniac's founder Pasquale Rotella. That investigation resulted in him being charged with bribery of public employee Todd DeStefano. At the time, DeStefano was the LA Coliseum event manager, which was the location of 2010's EDC.<ref name="Rotella">{{cite web |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Krystal |title=Insomniac's Pasquale Rotella Avoids Jail Time in Los Angeles Coliseum Court Case |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/insomniac-pasquale-rotella-court-case/ |website=Vice |date=5 August 2016 |access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref> This in turn lead to a reorganisation of Insomniac rave events. For EDC in particular, while free on bail, Pasquale Rotella moved 2011's EDC from Los Angeles to Las Vegas from then on as well as increased the EDC scheduled locations. Rotella later reached a plea bargain and avoided jail time.<ref name="Rotella" />

====Seattle====
Through the mid-1990s and into the 2000s the city of Seattle also shared in the tradition of West Coast rave culture. Though a smaller scene compared to San Francisco, Seattle also had many different rave crews, promoters, DJs, and fans. Candy Raver style, friendship and culture became popular in the West Coast rave scene, both in Seattle and San Francisco. At the peak of West Coast rave, Candy Raver, and massive rave popularity (1996–1999,) it was common to meet groups of ravers, promoters, and DJs who frequently travelled between Seattle and San Francisco, as well as Bellingham, Vancouver, Canada and Portland, Oregon. This spread the overall sense of West Coast rave culture and the phenomenon of West Coast "massives".

====Recent years (2000s)====
{{See also|List of electronic dance music festivals}}
By 2010, raves were becoming the equivalent of large-scale rock music festivals, but many times even bigger and more profitable. The [[Electric Daisy Carnival]] in Las Vegas drew more than 300,000 fans over three days in the summer of 2012, making it the largest EDM music festival in North America. [[Ultra Music Festival]] in Miami drew 150,000 fans over three days in 2012 while other raves like [[Electric Zoo]] in New York, [[Beyond Wonderland]] in LA, [[Detroit Electronic Music Festival|Movement]] in Detroit, [[Electric Forest]] in Michigan, [[Spring Awakening Music Festival]] in Chicago, and dozens more now attract hundreds of thousands of "ravers" every year. These new EDM-based rave events (now simply referred generically to as "[[music festivals]]") sell out. Festival attendance at the Electric Daisy Carnival (EDC) increased by 39.1%, or 90,000 attendees from 2011 to 2012. In 2013, EDC had attendance of approximately 345,000 people, a record for the festival. The average ticket for EDC cost over $300 and the event contributed $278&nbsp;million to the Clark County economy in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://w.insomniac.com/newsDetails.php?news=607 |title=EDC Las Vegas 2013 Economic Impact |website=w.insomniac.com |access-date=21 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150121204609/http://w.insomniac.com/newsDetails.php?news=607 |archive-date=21 January 2015}}</ref> This festival takes place at a 1,000-acre complex featuring a half dozen custom built stages, enormous interactive art installations, and hundreds of EDM artists. [[Insomniac Events|Insomniac]], a US EDM event promoter, holds yearly EDC and other EDM events.

[[File:A Rave in Seoul, South Korea in 2001.jpg|thumb|A Rave in Seoul, South Korea in 2001]]