Editing Rail transport in India (section)

== Suburban ==
=== Rolling stock ===
In the 1960s, [[Electric multiple unit]]s (EMU) were developed for short-haul and suburban rail transit.<ref>{{cite report|date=15 October 1999|title=Electrical Multiple Units|url=https://st2.indiarailinfo.com/kjfdsuiemjvcya1/0/8/0/2/4684802/1/multipleunits1091923.pdf|work=Indian Rail Info|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Background of Railway Electrification|url=https://core.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,294,302,530#:~:text=The%20first%20electric%20train%20ran,electrified%20on%201500%20Volt%20DC.|access-date=19 May 2023|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}</ref> On short-distance routes, [[MEMU|Mainline electrical multiple unit (MEMU)]] and [[DEMU|Diesel electrical multiple unit (DEMU)]] trains are also run. These train sets run in formation of 6, 9, 12 or 15 coaches and a three-car set is typified by a motor coaches and two passenger coaches.<ref name="EMU1">{{cite report|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/65704/1/16_Public_Accounts_69.pdf|title=Operation of MUs|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1574744335252-JE%20LDCE2.pdf|title=Three phase EMU|page=5|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref> These train-sets are self-propelled with capability for faster acceleration or deceleration.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Loco-hauled-commuter-trains-to-be-replaced-with-DEMU/MEMU/articleshow/54680592.cms|title=Loco hauled commuter trains to be replaced with DEMU/MEMU|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|date=25 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226042551/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Loco-hauled-commuter-trains-to-be-replaced-with-DEMU/MEMU/articleshow/54680592.cms|archive-date=26 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Network ===
Suburban lines were built starting with Bombay in 1853, followed by Calcutta and Madras in the later years. The first 1.5kV DC electrified tracks became operational in the late 1920s and early 1930s.<ref name="EMU1"/> In 1957, 25 kV AC traction was adopted for suburban lines.<ref name="EL1"/>

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left;" style="font-size: 85%"
|-
!System
!City
!State
!Image
!Lines
!Stations
!Length
!Opened
|-
| [[Mumbai Suburban Railway|Mumbai Suburban]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,6|title=Mumbai Suburban railway|publisher=Western Railway|access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref>
| [[Mumbai]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[File:Western-Railway-Medha-EMU.jpg|100x100px]]
| 7
| [[List of Mumbai Suburban Railway stations|150]]
| {{cvt|427.5|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
| 1853
|-
| [[Kolkata Suburban Railway|Kolkata Suburban]]<ref>{{cite report|title=Survey on Kolkata Suburban Railway|url=http://indiansss.org/pdf/pdfset-8/issueset-9/Art_017.pdf|date=22 December 2018|work=Indiansss.org|access-date=31 August 2023}}</ref>
| [[Kolkata]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| [[File:Local_train.png|100x100px]]
| 5
| [[List of Kolkata Suburban Railway stations|458]]
| {{cvt|1501|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
| 1854
|-
| [[Chennai Suburban Railway|Chennai Suburban]]<ref>{{cite report|url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1623903361519-CHENNAI%20DIVISION%20-%20CATEGORY-2021.pdf|title=List of Stations, Chennai|lang=en|publisher=Southern Railway|access-date=23 August 2023}}</ref> 
| [[Chennai]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[File:ChennaiEMUNew.JPG|100x100px]]
| 5
| [[Railway stations in Chennai|53]]
| {{cvt|212|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
| 1928<ref name="SR"/>
|-
| [[Delhi Suburban Railway|Delhi Suburban]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/decongesting-delhi-mega-plan-to-link-capital-s-ring-rail-metro-network/story-Lf0h4yaFYj1jOUQtERYDgI.html|title=Delhi's mega plan to link capital ring rail metro network|date=15 February 2018|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
| [[Delhi]]
| [[National Capital Region]]
| [[File:Delhi_emu_01.JPG|100x100px]]
| 1
| [[List of railway stations in Delhi|46]]
| {{cvt|85|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
| 1975
|-
| [[Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System|Chennai MRTS]]<ref name="MRTS">{{cite web|url=https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/mrts_phase1.html|title=About MRTS|publisher=Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|access-date=31 August 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref name="SR">{{cite report|title=Brief History of the Division|work=Chennai Division|publisher=Indian Railways—Southern Railways|url=http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1325745996774-about.pdf|access-date=26 October 2012|lang=en}}</ref>
| [[Chennai]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[File:Chennai_local_14003.jpg|100x100px]]
| 1
| [[Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System|17]]
| {{cvt|19.715|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
| 1995
|-
| [[Hyderabad MMTS]]<ref name="TW">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/prime-minister-narendra-modi-to-flag-off-new-mmts-services-tomorrow-791634|title=Prime Minister Narendra Modi to flag off new MMTS services tomorrow|publisher=Hans India|date=7 April 2023|access-date=17 April 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref name="AD">{{Cite news|date=9 August 2003|title=Traffic to be diverted for railway inaugation on Saturday|work=[[Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/traffic-to-be-diverted-for-railway-inaugation-on-saturday/articleshow/122120.cms?from=mdr|access-date=9 April 2023|issn=0971-8257|language=en}}</ref>
| [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| [[Telangana]]
| [[File:Hyderabad MMTS at Hitech city.jpg|100x100px]]
| 2
| [[Hyderabad MMTS|44]]
| {{cvt|90|km|mi|abbr=on|adj=on}}
| 2003
|}

=== Services ===
The first suburban electric trains were introduced in Bombay in 1925.<ref name="EMU1"/> Chennai suburban started operating in 1931 and Kolkata in 1957.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 May 2012|title=Historical perspective – the first journey|url=https://er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?fontColor=black&backgroundColor=LIGHTSTEELBLUE&lang=0&id=0,1,291,354|access-date=18 June 2020|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=83 years of electric suburban rail|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 April 2014|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/83-years-of-electric-suburban-rail/article5923173.ece|access-date = 18 Apr 2014}}</ref> Opened in November 1995, Chennai MRTS became the first operational elevated railway line in India.<ref name="SR1"/> Indian Railways operates suburban railway systems across the cities of Mumbai (suburban), Chennai (suburban and MRTS), Kolkata (suburban) and [[Secunderabad]] (MMTS) covering six railway zones.<ref name="EMU1"/> Suburban networks issue unreserved tickets valid for a limited time or season passes with unlimited travel between two stops for a period of time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vivek Narayanan|title=Wait for ticket gets painful|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3394846.ece|access-date=21 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 May 2012|archive-date=11 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511203206/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3394846.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=8532&did=15771820428170372B05269DDBB2851DEA3EB8F9D77E2|title=Tourist Tickets introduced in Chennai Suburban|date=24 December 2019|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=[[Southern Railway zone]], [[Indian Railways]]}}</ref>