Editing Quantum entanglement (section)

=== Entanglement of top quarks ===
In 2023 the [[Large Hadron Collider|LHC]] using techniques from [[quantum tomography]] measured entanglement at the highest energy so far,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aad |first1=G. |last2=Abbott |first2=B. |last3=Abeling |first3=K. |last4=Abicht |first4=N. J. |last5=Abidi |first5=S. H. |last6=Aboulhorma |first6=A. |last7=Abramowicz |first7=H. |last8=Abreu |first8=H. |last9=Abulaiti |first9=Y. |last10=Acharya |first10=B. S. |last11=Bourdarios |first11=C. Adam |last12=Adamczyk |first12=L. |last13=Addepalli |first13=S. V. |last14=Addison |first14=M. J. |last15=Adelman |first15=J. |date=September 2024 |title=Observation of quantum entanglement with top quarks at the ATLAS detector |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=633 |issue=8030 |pages=542–547 |doi=10.1038/s41586-024-07824-z |pmid=39294352 |pmc=11410654 |arxiv=2311.07288 |bibcode=2024Natur.633..542A |issn=1476-4687}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 September 2023 |title=ATLAS achieves highest-energy detection of quantum entanglement |url=https://atlas.cern/Updates/Briefing/Top-Entanglement |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=ATLAS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=18 September 2024 |title=LHC experiments at CERN observe quantum entanglement at the highest energy yet |url=https://home.cern/news/press-release/physics/lhc-experiments-cern-observe-quantum-entanglement-highest-energy-yet |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=CERN |language=en}}</ref> a rare intersection between quantum information and high energy physics based on theoretical work first proposed in 2021.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Afik |first1=Yoav |last2=de Nova |first2=Juan Ramón Muñoz |date=3 September 2021 |title=Entanglement and quantum tomography with top quarks at the LHC |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01902-1 |journal=The European Physical Journal Plus |language=en |volume=136 |issue=9 |page=907 |doi=10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01902-1 |arxiv=2003.02280 |bibcode=2021EPJP..136..907A |issn=2190-5444}}</ref> The experiment was carried by the [[ATLAS experiment|ATLAS]] detector measuring the spin of top-quark pair production and the effect was observed with a more than 5[[Standard deviation|''σ'']] level of significance, the top quark is the heaviest known particle and therefore has a very short lifetime ({{nowrap|<math>\tau</math> ≈ {{val|e=-25|u=s}}}}) being the only quark that decays before undergoing [[hadronization]] (~&nbsp;{{val|e=-23|u=s}}) and spin decorrelation (~&nbsp;{{val|e=-21|u=s}}), so the spin information is transferred without much loss to the leptonic decays products that will be caught by the detector.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvXkn6872yk&t=847s |title=Juan Ramón Muñoz de Nova (U. Complutense) on Entanglement & quantum tomography with top quarks |date=13 January 2022 |last=IFT Webinars |access-date=28 September 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The [[spin polarization]] and correlation of the particles was measured and tested for entanglement with [[Concurrence (quantum computing)|concurrence]] as well as the [[Peres–Horodecki criterion]] and subsequently the effect has been confirmed too in the [[CMS experiment|CMS]] detector.<ref>{{cite journal |last=CMS Collaboration |title=Observation of quantum entanglement in top quark pair production in proton–proton collisions at {{math|{{sqrt|''s''}}}} = 13&nbsp;TeV | journal=Reports on Progress in Physics |date=6 June 2024 | volume=87 | issue=11 | doi=10.1088/1361-6633/ad7e4d | pmid=39315475 |arxiv=2406.03976}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=CMS Collaboration |title=<nowiki>Measurements of polarization and spin correlation and observation of entanglement in top quark pairs using <math><mrow>lepton+\text{jets}</mrow></math> events from proton-proton collisions at <math>\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }TeV</math></nowiki> | journal=Physical Review D |date=17 September 2024 | volume=110 | issue=11 | page=112016 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.110.112016 |arxiv=2409.11067}}</ref>