Editing Pune (section)

==Culture==
===Architecture===
[[File:Shinde Chattri Temple.jpg|thumb|right|[[Shinde Chhatri]] in Wanowrie.]]
Historical attractions include the 8th century rock-cut [[Pataleshwar]] cave temple, the 18th century [[Shaniwarwada]], the 19th century [[Aga Khan Palace]], [[Lal Mahal]] and Sinhagad fort. [[Shinde Chhatri]], located at Wanowrie, is a memorial dedicated to the Maratha general [[Mahadaji Shinde]] (Scindia).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPq640stHJ0C&pg=PA156|title=The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia|author=N. G. Rathod|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=1994|isbn=978-81-85431-52-9|page=156}}</ref> The old city had many residential buildings with courtyards called [[Wada (house)|Wada]]. However, many of these have been demolished and replaced by modern buildings.

A renowned wada in Pune is the last residential palace of the Peshwa called [[Vishrambaug Wada]] which is currently being renovated by the city corporation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://210.212.169.38/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/4161/Pune%20as%20a%20tourist%20paradise.pdf|title=ICSSR SPONSORED One Day National Interdisciplinary Conference on "Relevance of Tourism and its impact in Development in emerging economy of India with special reference to Maharashtra"|website=210.212.169.38|access-date=2 March 2022|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224125550/http://210.212.169.38/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/4161/Pune%20as%20a%20tourist%20paradise.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The city is also known for its British Raj [[bungalow architecture]] and the Garden Cities Movement layout of the Cantonment from the early 20th century. Landmark architectural works by [[Christopher Charles Benninger]] surround the city, including the [[Mahindra United World College of India]], the Centre for Development Studies and Activities, the YMCA Retreat at Nilshi and the [[Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies]].

[[File:LandscapePuLaUdyan2.JPG|thumb|left|[[Pune-Okayama Friendship Garden|Pu. La. Deshpande Garden]].]]

===Museums, parks and zoos===
Museums in Pune include the [[Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum]], [[Mahatma Phule Museum|Mahatma Phule Industrial Museum]], Deccan college museum of Maratha history,<ref>{{cite journal|author=MANDKE, G.|title=Contributions of the Maratha History Museum to Maratha and Medieval History|date=2000|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=60|pages=155–164|jstor=42936613|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42936613|access-date=24 January 2020|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310132735/https://www.jstor.org/stable/42936613|url-status=live}}</ref> Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Museum, [[Joshi's Museum of Miniature Railway]] and the [[Pune Tribal Museum]] Pune also houses Blades of Glory Cricket Museum which is the biggest cricket museum in the world. The College of Military Engineering has an archive and an equipment museum; this includes a rail exhibit with a metre-gauge train. The [[Aga Khan Palace]], where [[Mahatma Gandhi]] was interned during the Quit India movement, has a memorial dedicated to his wife, [[Kasturba Gandhi]] who died during the internment.

For a city of its size, Pune has very few large public parks and gardens. Parks and green spaces in the city include the [[Kamala Nehru Park, Pune|Kamala Nehru Park]], Sambhaji Park, ''Shahu Udyan'', [[Peshwe Park]], [[Saras Baug]], Empress Gardens, and [[Bund Garden, Pune|Bund Garden]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mullen |first1=W.T. |title=Deccan Queen: A Spatial Analysis of Poona in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries |date=2001 |publisher=University of Sydney. School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry |location=Sydney, Australia |pages=106–108 |url=https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/495 |access-date=20 October 2021 |archive-date=20 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020203126/https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/495 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Pu La Deshpande Garden|Pu La Deshpande Udyan]] is a replica of the [[Korakuen Garden]] in [[Okayama]], Japan.<ref name="PuneOkayamaGarden">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pune/a-japanese-paradise-in-pune/articleshow/836816.cms|title=A Japanese paradise in Pune|date=4 September 2004|work=The Times of India|access-date=24 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912185250/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/pune/A-Japanese-paradise-in-Pune/articleshow/836816.cms|archive-date=12 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Hanuman Tekdi|Hanuman hill]], [[Vetal Tekdi|Vetal hill]], and [[Taljai Hills]] are protected nature reserves on hills within the city limits.
[[File:Rajiv Gandhi zoo entrance.png|thumb|225px|right|[[Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park]]]]
The [[Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park]] is located in Katraj.<ref name="RajivGandhiZoologicalPark">{{cite news|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=229057|title=By July, bigger enclosures, battery-operated vehicles for Katraj zoo|date=29 March 2007|work=The Indian Express|access-date=24 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813044713/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=229057|archive-date=13 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The zoo, earlier located at Peshwe Park, was merged with the reptile park at Katraj in 1999. [[Pune Riverfront]] is under-construction being developed by [[Pune Municipal Corporation]] along the banks of [[Mula-Mutha River]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khairnar |first1=Abhay |date=25 February 2022 |title=PMC to spend over Rs5,500 crore on Mula-Mutha river |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/pmc-to-spend-over-rs5-500-crore-on-mula-mutha-river-101645809558130.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref>

=== Performing arts ===
[[File:गणेशोत्सव मिरवणूक २०२३.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Ganesh Chaturthi]] procession]]
Both experimental and professional theatre receive extensive patronage from the Marathi community.
The [[Tilak Smarak Ranga Mandir]], [[Bal Gandharva Ranga Mandir]], Bharat Natya Mandir, [[Yashwantrao Chavan Natya Gruha]], and [[Sudarshan Rangmanch]] are prominent theatres in the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/MIRRORNEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=MIRRORNEW&BaseHref=PMIR%2F2012%2F07%2F29&ViewMode=HTML&EntityId=Ar00200&AppName=1|title=Theatre producers twist plot for drama bookings|last1=Deshpande|first1=Devidas|newspaper=Times of India|access-date=12 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321085322/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/MIRRORNEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=MIRRORNEW&BaseHref=PMIR%2F2012%2F07%2F29&ViewMode=HTML&EntityId=Ar00200&AppName=1|archive-date=21 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=coxUAAAAMAAJ|title=Journal of the Indian Institute of Architects, Volume 67|author=S. Kumar|publisher=[[Indian Institute of Architects]]|year=2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv7Uk0UcdM8C&pg=PR11|title=Pop culture India! : media, arts, and lifestyle|last1=Kasbekar|first1=Asha|date=2006|publisher=ABC-Clio|isbn=9781851096367|location=Oxford}}</ref>

Ganesh Kala Krida Rangamanch is the largest indoor theatre in the city, with a [[seating capacity]] of approximately 45,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19980619/17051054.html|title=City's largest open-air theatre gets a roof|author=Abhijit Atre|date=19 June 1998|work=The Indian Express|access-date=8 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314044445/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19980619/17051054.html|archive-date=14 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav]], one of the most prominent and sought-after [[Hindustani Classical Music|Indian classical music]] festivals in India, is held in Pune every year in December. It commemorates the life and achievements of [[Sawai Gandharva]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Sawai-Gandharva-music-fest-to-start-from-Dec-11/articleshow/3753056.cms|title=Sawai Gandharva music fest to start from Dec 11&nbsp;– Pune&nbsp;– City|author=TNN|date=25 November 2008|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023143512/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-11-25/pune/27930529_1_sawai-gandharva-arya-sangeet-prasarak-mandal-pt-bhimsen-joshi|archive-date=23 October 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|url-status=live}}</ref> The concept of ''Diwāḷī Pahāṭ'' (lit. [[Diwali]] dawn) originated in Pune as a music festival on the morning of the festival of Diwali.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://spirituality.indiatimes.com/articleshow/247999.cms|title=Diwali Pahat puts Pune in the mood|author=Prachi Bari|access-date=12 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519141006/http://spirituality.indiatimes.com/articleshow/247999.cms|archive-date=19 May 2006|publisher=Indiatimes}}</ref>

=== Festivals ===
[[Ganesh Chaturthi]] is widely and publicly celebrated in Pune. [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak|Lokamanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] started the public celebration of the festival as a means to circumvent the colonial British government ban on Hindu gatherings through its anti-public assembly legislation in 1892.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Parvate|first=Trimbak Vishnu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqE9AAAAMAAJ|title=Bal Gangadhar Tilak: A Narrative and Interpretative Review of His Life, Career and Contemporary Events|date=1958|publisher=Navajivan Publishing House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Christian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IKqOUfqt4cIC&pg=PA178|title=Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia|date=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-089-5}}</ref> Pandals with Ganesh idols are erected all across Pune. Many ''Ganesh'' ''mandals'' display live or figurine shows called ''Dekhava'' during the festival. These shows often carry socially relevant messages. Processions of Ganpati are accompanied by ''Dhol-Tasha pathaks'' (groups who play Dhol-Tasha percussion instruments). Involvement of these ''pathaks'' has become a cultural identity of Pune with there being over 150 such groups operating in and around Pune. [[Jnana Prabodhini]], a social organisation in Pune is widely accredited for founding the tradition of ''Dhol-Tasha'' ''pathaks''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 September 2017|first=Aishwarya|last=Upadhye|title=Dhol tasha pathaks, now and then|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/dhol-tasha-pathaks-now-then/articleshow/60343314.cms|access-date=5 September 2020|work=The Times of India|archive-date=25 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325133159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/dhol-tasha-pathaks-now-then/articleshow/60343314.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>