Editing Psilocybin (section)

====Elimination====
Psilocybin is [[elimination (pharmacology)|eliminated]] 80% to 85% in [[urine]] and 15 to 20% in [[bile]].<ref name="FradetKellyDonnelly2025" /> It is [[excretion|excreted]] mainly in urine as psilocin-''O''-glucuronide.<ref name="FradetKellyDonnelly2025" /><ref name="Dinis-Oliveira2017" /> The drug was eliminated approximately 20% and 80% as psilocin ''O''-glucuronide in different studies.<ref name="OttovanderHeijdenSchoones2025" /><ref name="Dinis-Oliveira2017" /><ref name="TylšPáleníčekHoráček2014" /><ref name="HolzeBeckerKolaczynska2023" /> The amount [[excretion|excreted]] as unchanged psilocin in urine is 1.5 to 3.4%.<ref name="OttovanderHeijdenSchoones2025" /><ref name="Dinis-Oliveira2017" /><ref name="DoddNormanEyre2023" /><ref name="HolzeBeckerKolaczynska2023" /> Studies conflict on the deaminated metabolites of psilocin, with one study finding that only 4% of psilocin is metabolized into 4-HIAA, 4-HIAL, and 4-HTOL<ref name="TylšPáleníčekHoráček2014" /> and another that psilocybin is excreted 33% in urine as 4-HIAA.<ref name="ThomannKolaczynskaStoeckmann2024" /><ref name="HolzeBeckerKolaczynska2023">{{cite journal | vauthors = Holze F, Becker AM, Kolaczynska KE, Duthaler U, Liechti ME | title = Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Psilocybin Administration in Healthy Participants | journal = Clin Pharmacol Ther | volume = 113 | issue = 4 | pages = 822–831 | date = April 2023 | pmid = 36507738 | doi = 10.1002/cpt.2821 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366214647| doi-access = free }}</ref> Findings also conflict on whether psilocybin can be detected in urine, with either no psilocybin excreted or 3% to 10% excreted as unchanged psilocybin.<ref name="StraussGhoshMurray2022" /><ref name="Passie2002" /><ref name="OttovanderHeijdenSchoones2025" /><ref name="LoweToyangSteele2021" /><ref name="TylšPáleníčekHoráček2014" /> A majority of psilocybin and its metabolites is excreted within three hours with oral administration and elimination is almost complete within 24{{nbsp}}hours.<ref name="TylšPáleníčekHoráček2014" /><ref name="LoweToyangSteele2021" /><ref name="HolzeBeckerKolaczynska2023" />

The [[elimination half-life]] of psilocybin, as psilocin, is 2.1 to 4.7{{nbsp}}hours on average (range 1.2–18.6{{nbsp}}hours) [[oral administration|orally]] and 1.2{{nbsp}}hours (range 1.8–4.5{{nbsp}}hours) [[intravenous administration|intravenously]].<ref name="OttovanderHeijdenSchoones2025">{{cite journal | vauthors = Otto ME, van der Heijden KV, Schoones JW, van Esdonk MJ, Borghans LG, Jacobs GE, van Hasselt CJ | title = Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Psilocin After Psilocybin Administration: A Systematic Review and Post-Hoc Analysis | journal = Clin Pharmacokinet | volume = 64 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–66 | date = January 2025 | pmid = 39812743 | pmc = 11762572 | doi = 10.1007/s40262-024-01454-4 | url = }}</ref><ref name="Manzano-NunezGomezToledo-Mendoza2025" /><ref name="DoddNormanEyre2023" /><ref name="TylšPáleníčekHoráček2014" /> Psilocin's elimination half-life in mice is 0.9{{nbsp}}hours, much faster than in humans.<ref name="ThomannKolaczynskaStoeckmann2024" /> Psilocin ''O''-glucuronide's half-life is about 4{{nbsp}}hours in humans and approximately 1{{nbsp}}hour in mice.<ref name="ThomannKolaczynskaStoeckmann2024" />

No dose adjustment of psilocin is thought to be required as psilocin is inactivated mainly via metabolism as opposed to renal elimination.<ref name="OttovanderHeijdenSchoones2025" /><ref name="FradetKellyDonnelly2025" /><ref name="HolzeBeckerKolaczynska2023" /> Accordingly, [[glomerular filtration rate]] (GFR) did not affect the pharmacokinetics of psilocybin.<ref name="OttovanderHeijdenSchoones2025" /><ref name="FradetKellyDonnelly2025" /><ref name="HolzeBeckerKolaczynska2023" />