Editing Primary election (section)

===Russia===
{{More citations needed|section|date=June 2024}}
The first primaries in the history of Russia were held in May 2000 in [[St. Petersburg]], the local branches of the parties [[Yabloko]] and the [[Union of Right Forces]], who before the [[Governor of Saint Petersburg|Gubernatorial]] election offered citizens to choose a single candidate from the democratic opposition.

In 2007, before the parliamentary elections, [[United Russia]] held primaries in several regions. However, its results were not sufficiently taken into account when nominating candidates from the party. For example, the congress of United Russia included in the regional party list in the Samara region not the winners of the primaries, but those who did not even participate in the primaries.

In the same year 2007, [[A Just Russia]] held the primaries to determine the candidate for the Gubernatorial election in [[Altai Krai]]. Anyone could vote for them, for which special items were opened. However, in the future, A Just Russia did not begin to pursue the primaries.

In 2011, [[United Russia]], together with the [[All-Russian People's Front]], held primaries for the nomination of candidates for the [[2011 Russian legislative election|Duma election]]. This vote was called the "All-People's Primaries", but in fact it was not. Candidates for the primaries were selected by special committees. Not even all party members had the right to vote, but only about 200,000 specially selected electors. In addition, the results of voting on the primaries were in most cases ignored. Of the 80 lists of regional groups of candidates for the [[State Duma]], nominated by the congress of Unitpared Russia, only 8 lists coincided with the lists of winners of the primaries. All the same, the event played a role in the elimination of candidates: there were cases when the current deputies of the State Duma, having seen that they did not enjoy the support of electors, withdrew their candidacies.

In the future, United Russia has sometimes resorted to an "open" model of primaries, which allows voting to all interested voters. In 2014, in the primaries of the "United Russia" before the elections to the [[Moscow City Duma]], any Muscovite could vote, and not only registered electors.

In 2016, the primaries for the selection of candidates for parliamentary elections were held by four parties: [[United Russia]], [[People's Freedom Party (Russia)|People's Freedom Party]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://volna.parnasparty.ru/|title=Волна перемен|website=volna.parnasparty.ru}}</ref> the [[Party of Growth]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dvigrosta.ru/projects/tribuna/|title=Предварительное голосование "Трибуна Роста" 2016|website=dvigrosta.ru|access-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529105633/http://dvigrosta.ru/projects/tribuna/|archive-date=29 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[Green Alliance (Russia)|Green Alliance]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://russian-greens.ru/vote/|title=Альянс Зеленых|website=russian-greens.ru|access-date=15 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507164919/http://russian-greens.ru/vote/|archive-date=7 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The most massive were 22 May 2016 primaries of the United Russia, which could vote for every citizen who has an active electoral right. However, the primaries, as well as earlier, were not binding for the leadership of United Russia: a number of winners of the primaries were withdrawn by the leadership without any explanation of reasons, and in 18 single-seat constituencies the party did not nominate any candidates. A striking example was the [[Nizhny Tagil constituency]], where the candidate from the United Russia was approved candidate, who took the 4th place in the primaries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uralinform.ru/news/politics/253293-edinaya-rossiya-otmenila-itogi-praimeriz-v-nijnem-tagile/|title="Единая Россия" отменила итоги праймериз в Нижнем Тагиле|website=УралИнформБюро}}</ref> Finally, a number of candidates were included in the party list on the proposal of the party leader [[Dmitry Medvedev]] from among those who did not even participate in the primaries.

In 2017, the [[Party of Growth]] holds the [[Party of Growth presidential primaries, 2017|primaries]] for the nomination of candidates for the [[2018 Russian presidential election|presidential election]]. These are the first presidential primaries in the history of Russia. However, voting for candidates will take place via the Internet within three months, and, according to the spokesman of the party, the results of the primaries will not be mandatory for the nomination of the candidate and the party convention may nominate another candidate who does not even participate in the primaries, or even not nominate candidates and support President [[Vladimir Putin]], if he decides to be re-elected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbc.ru/politics/10/08/2017/598c65619a79471ba8ab09c2?from=main|title=Члены Партии роста предложили Путину уйти с поста президента|website=РБК|date=10 August 2017 }}</ref>