Editing Peshawar (section)

=== Language ===
{{Pie chart|thumb=right|caption=Languages by number of speakers in the [[Peshawar district]], 2011<ref name="PBC 2017">{{Cite book|url=https://aryamanarora.github.io/india-census-2011/|title=Languages of South Asia}}</ref>|label1=[[Pashto]]|value1=90.17|color1=green|label2=[[Hindko language|Hindko]]|value2=5.33|color2=maroon|value3=1.96|color3=red|label3=[[Urdu]]|label4=[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|label5=Others|color5=grey|value4=1.08|value5=1.46}}{{Pie chart|thumb=right|caption=Languages by number of speakers in the [[Peshawar district]], 1881<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657|title=Report on the census of the Panjáb taken on the 17th of February 1881
|jstor=saoa.crl.25057657
|last1=Denzil Ibbetson
|first1=Sir
|last2=(India)
|first2=Punjab
|date=1881
|volume=2
}}</ref>|label1=[[Pashto]]|value1=77.2|color1=green|label2=[[Punjabic]]|value2=18.9|color2=maroon|value3=2.1|color3=red|label3=[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]|label4=[[English Language|English]]|label5=Others|color5=grey|value4=0.7|value5=1.1|color4=blue}}The primary native language spoken in Peshawar is [[Pashto]], while [[Hindko language|Hindko]] is native minority language,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shackle |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Shackle |year=1980 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00137401 |issn=0041-977X |volume=43 |issue=3<!-- |pages=482–510--> |title=Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |pages=496–97 |s2cid=129436200}}</ref> though English is used in the city's educational institutions, while Urdu is understood throughout the city – as the national language of the country.<ref name="Mills">{{cite book |last1=Mills |first1=Margaret Ann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=08R9DujEOfwC&q=peshawar+language&pg=PA307 |title=Gender, Genre, and Power in South Asian Expressive Traditions |date=1994 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120811782 |page=307 |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307070314/https://books.google.com/books?id=08R9DujEOfwC&q=peshawar+language&pg=PA307 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The district of Peshawar is overwhelmingly Pashto-speaking, though the [[Hindkowans|Hindko-speaking minority]] is concentrated in Peshawar's old city,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Stephen |title=The Idea of Pakistan |date=21 September 2004 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |isbn=978-0-8157-9761-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ideaofpakistan00cohe/page/202 202] |url=https://archive.org/details/ideaofpakistan00cohe |url-access=registration |quote=peshawar hindko pashto. |access-date=5 April 2017}}</ref> Hindko speakers in Peshawar increasingly assimilate elements of Pashto and Urdu into their speech.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSFBDAAAQBAJ&q=peshawar+hindko+pashto |title=The Languages and Linguistics of South Asia: A Comprehensive Guide |date=24 May 2016 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-042330-3 |editor1-last=Hock |editor1-first=Hans Henrich |editor1-link=Hans Henrich Hock |pages=291 |access-date=5 April 2017 |editor2-last=Bashir |editor2-first=Elena |editor2-link=Elena Bashir |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307070323/https://books.google.com/books?id=PSFBDAAAQBAJ&q=peshawar+hindko+pashto |url-status=live }}</ref>