Editing Peru (section)

== Demographics ==
{{main|Demographics of Peru|Peruvian people}}
[[File:Peru Population Density, 2000 (6171916181).jpg|thumb|Population density, 2000]]With a population of 33,396,698 inhabitants according to estimates and projections of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics until the year 2022, Peru is the [[List of South American countries by population|fourth most populous country in South America]].<ref>{{cite web |date=11 July 2016 |title=El Perú tiene una población de 31 millones 488 mil 625 habitantes |trans-title=Peru has a population of 31 million 488 thousand 625 inhabitants |url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/prensa/noticias/el-peru-tiene-una-poblacion-de-31-millones-488-mil-625-habitantes-9196/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202214123/https://www.inei.gob.pe/prensa/noticias/el-peru-tiene-una-poblacion-de-31-millones-488-mil-625-habitantes-9196/ |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=7 January 2018 |website=www.inei.gob.pe |publisher=INEI |language=es}}</ref> Its population density is {{convert|25.79|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}} and its annual growth rate is 1.1%. 58.8% of the Peruvian population lives on the coast, 27% in the mountains, and 14.2% in the jungle. In 2020, 27 million Peruvians lived in urban areas, which represents 80% of the population. Peru had a population of seven million residents in 1940; between 1950 and 2000, the demographic growth rate of Peru declined from 2.6% to 1.6%, with the population being expected to reach approximately 42 million in 2050.<ref>Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, ''Perú: Estimaciones y Proyecciones de Población, 1950–2050'', pp. 37–38, 40.</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 June 2018 |title=First results of the Peruvian population census conducted last year |url=https://www.perutelegraph.com/news/peru-living-lifestyle/first-results-of-the-peruvian-population-census-conducted-last-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710194519/https://www.perutelegraph.com/news/peru-living-lifestyle/first-results-of-the-peruvian-population-census-conducted-last-year |archive-date=10 July 2018 |access-date=10 July 2018 |work=The Peru Telegraph}}</ref>

{{As of|2017}}, 79.3% lived in urban areas and 20.7% in rural areas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211135110/https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2020 |access-date=27 September 2018 |website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática |page=16}}</ref> Major cities include the [[Lima metropolitan area]] (home to over 9.8 million people), [[Arequipa]], [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], [[Chiclayo]], [[Piura]], [[Iquitos]], [[Cusco]], [[Chimbote]], and [[Huancayo]]; all reported more than 250,000 inhabitants in the [[2007 Peru Census|2007 census]].<ref>Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, ''Perfil sociodemográfico del Perú'', p. 24.</ref> Arequipa is Peru's second largest city, with an estimated population of 1,177,000, while Trujillo is the third largest city with 1,048,000. There are 15 known [[Uncontacted peoples|uncontacted]] Amerindian tribes in Peru.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305101828/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-01-31/isolated-peru-tribe/52903966/1 Isolated Peru tribe threatened by outsiders]. USAToday.com. 31 January 2012</ref> Peru has a [[life expectancy]] of 75.0 years (72.4 for males and 77.7 for females) according to the latest data for the year 2016 from the [[World Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life expectancy at birth, total (years) {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=PE&year_high_desc=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826005113/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=PE&year_high_desc=true |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=data.worldbank.org |language=en-us}}</ref>

The economically active population is equivalent to 53.78% of the total population, or about 17,830,500 inhabitants. The largest cities are located on the coast, such as Sullana, Piura, Chiclayo, Trujillo, Chimbote, Lima and Ica. In the mountains, the cities of Arequipa, Cusco, Huancayo, Cajamarca and Juliaca stand out. Finally, in the jungle, [[Iquitos]] is the most important, followed by [[Pucallpa]], [[Tarapoto]], [[Moyobamba]] and Tingo María.
{{Largest cities|country=Peru|stat_ref=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática|National Institute of Statistics and Informatics]] - INEI (Estimated 2024)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/6616587/5751291-situacion-de-la-poblacion-peruana-2024-una-mirada-de-la-diversidad-etnica.pdf |title="Situación de la Población Peruana, 2024. Una mirada de la diversidad étnica |page=20 |website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática |access-date=3 August 2024 |archive-date=15 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815224314/https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/6616587/5751291-situacion-de-la-poblacion-peruana-2024-una-mirada-de-la-diversidad-etnica.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>|list_by_pop=List of metropolitan areas of Peru|div_name=Region|city_1=Lima|div_1=Lima Region{{!}}Lima|pop_1=10,213,900 <small>([[Lima metropolitan area|Metro pop.]])</small>|img_1=Miraflores 2023.jpg|city_2=Arequipa|div_2=Arequipa Region{{!}}Arequipa|pop_2=1,177,200 <small>([[Arequipa metropolitan area|Metro pop.]])</small>|img_2=Arequipa, Plaza de Armas and Volcan El Misti - panoramio.jpg|city_3=Trujillo, Peru{{!}}Trujillo|div_3=La Libertad Region{{!}}La Libertad|pop_3=1,048,800 <small>([[Trujillo metropolitan area (Peru)|Metro pop.]])</small>|img_3=Freedom Monument, Trujillo.jpg|city_4=Chiclayo|div_4=Lambayeque Region{{!}}Lambayeque|pop_4=615,700 <small>([[Chiclayo metropolitan area|Metro pop.]])</small>|img_4=Chiclayo - panoramio.jpg|city_5=Piura|div_5=Piura Region{{!}}Piura|pop_5=586,300|city_6=Huancayo|div_6=Junín Region{{!}}Junín|pop_6=563,400|city_7=Cusco|div_7=Cusco Region{{!}}Cusco|pop_7=490,900|city_8=Iquitos|div_8=Loreto Region{{!}}Loreto|pop_8=458,300|city_9=Pucallpa|div_9=Ucayali Region{{!}}Ucayali|pop_9=428,700|city_10=Chimbote|div_10=Ancash Region{{!}}Ancash|pop_10=410,300|city_11=Ica, Peru{{!}}Ica|div_11=Ica Region{{!}}Ica|pop_11=362,400|city_12=Juliaca|div_12=Puno Region{{!}}Puno|pop_12=341,700|city_13=Tacna|div_13=Tacna Region{{!}}Tacna|pop_13=327,800|city_14=Ayacucho|div_14=Ayacucho Region{{!}}Ayacucho|pop_14=261,200|city_15=Cajamarca|div_15=Cajamarca Region{{!}}Cajamarca|pop_15=254,300|city_16=Huánuco|div_16=Huánuco Region{{!}}Huánuco|pop_16=242,400|city_17=Chincha Alta|div_17=Ica Region{{!}}Ica|pop_17=222,500|city_18=Sullana|div_18=Piura Region{{!}}Piura|pop_18=209,200|city_19=Huacho|div_19=Lima Region{{!}}Lima|pop_19=192,100|city_20=Tarapoto|div_20=San Martin Region{{!}}San Martín|pop_20=178,800}}

===Ethnic groups===
{{Pie chart|thumb=right|caption=Ethnicity in Peru (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf|title=2017 Peruvian census|access-date=27 September 2018|archive-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211135110/https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>|label1=[[Multiracial people|Mixed]]|value1=60.20|color1=Grey|label2=[[Indigenous peoples of Peru|Native]]|value2=25.75|color2=#d62728|label3=[[Peruvians of European descent|White]]|value3=5.89|color3=#1f77b4|label4=[[Black Peruvians|Black]]|value4=3.57|color4=#2ca02c|label5=[[Asian Peruvians|East Asian]]|value5=0.16|color5=Yellow|label6=Other|value6=4.42|color6=Black}}Peru is a [[Multiethnic society|multiethnic nation]] formed by successive waves of different peoples over five centuries. [[Indigenous Peoples in Peru|Amerindians]] inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before the [[Spanish conquest of Peru|Spanish conquest]] in the 16th century; according to historian [[Noble David Cook]], their population decreased from nearly 5–9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of [[Infectious disease|infectious diseases]].<ref>[[Noble David Cook|Cook, Noble David]] (1982) ''Demographic collapse: Indian Peru, 1520–1620''. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. {{ISBN|0521239958}}.</ref>

The 2017 census for the first time included a question on ethnic self-identification. According to the results, 60.2% of the people identified themselves as [[mestizo]], 22.3% identified themselves as [[Quechua people|Quechua]], 5.9% identified themselves as [[White Peruvians|white]], 3.6% identified themselves as [[Afro-Peruvians|black]], 2.4% identified themselves as [[Aymara people|Aymara]], 2.3% identified themselves as other ethnic groups, and 3.3% did not declare their ethnicity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211135110/https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2020 |access-date=27 September 2018 |website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática |page=214}}</ref>  In the different stages of Peru's history, ethnic composition has varied, with a continuous decline in the Amerindian proportion, due to multiple socioeconomic and sociocultural factors, birth controls, high mortality rates, exclusion, among others. The country tends towards a slow generalized miscegenation of all ethnic segments that began from the beginning of the colonial period to the present day. Because the majority of the Peruvian population has become mestizo, some feel a superiority complex towards the natives of the mountains and the jungle, either because they do not pronounce a word properly, or simply because they do not know how to read a text well, leading to a kind of [[racism]] towards them.

During the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]], Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers, mixing widely with each other and with the native population, mainly on the coast (the mountains and the jungle maintained a very little mixed indigenous majority). After independence there was European immigration from Spain, Italy, England, France, and Germany, along with the Middle East.<ref>Vázquez, Mario (1970) "Immigration and mestizaje in nineteenth-century Peru", pp. 79–81 in ''Race and class in Latin America''. Columbia Univ. Press. {{ISBN|0-231-03295-1}}</ref> Peru freed its black slaves in 1854.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8384853.stm Peru apologises for abuse of African-origin citizens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719114642/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8384853.stm|date=19 July 2018}}". BBC News. 29 November 2009</ref> Chinese and Japanese arrived in the 1850s as laborers following the end of slavery, and have since become a major influence in Peruvian society.<ref>Mörner, Magnus (1967), ''Race mixture in the history of Latin America'', p.&nbsp;131.</ref> The first Croatian immigrants came to Peru in 1573 from Dubrovnik.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peru izabrao predsjednicu peruansko-hrvatskog prijateljstva |url=https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/peru-izabrao-predsjednicu-peruanskohrvatskog-prijateljstva/2587838.aspx |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.index.hr |language=hr |archive-date=21 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921142859/https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/peru-izabrao-predsjednicu-peruanskohrvatskog-prijateljstva/2587838.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Local-truck-transit-market-chinchaypujio.jpg|thumb|Quechua travelers in the Andes]]

In recent decades, Peruvian emigration figures have shown a marked growth and currently more than 10% of Peruvians are residing outside the country. This migratory movement has been accentuated since the year 2000, the official figure of Peruvian emigrants is 2,444,634 from 1990 to 2011. This without considering the descendant population, and the illegal floating population that is essentially found in neighboring countries. It is estimated that in the last 82 years, more than 3.5 million Peruvians emigrated from the country. With respect to the main countries of destination for Peruvian emigrants between 1990 and 2011, these were: the United States (31.5%), Spain (16%), Argentina (14.3%), Italy (10.1%), Chile (8.8%), Japan (4.1%) and Venezuela (3.8%). 75% of Peruvian emigrants are between 19 and 49 years old, with a slight majority of women. For the most part, Peruvian emigration is a labor migration.

Throughout its history, Peru has received migrations from Europe (mainly Spain and Italy; and to a lesser extent from France, United Kingdom, and from other Central European countries and Southern), sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia (China and Japan). It currently receives a large number of Venezuelan immigrants, who are escaping the economic crisis that their country is suffering.

From 2016, the flow of Venezuelans to Peru increased, going from 6615 residents in that year to around 820,000 until mid-June 2019, being the most important migratory wave of the 21st century in the country. Peru is home to the second largest number of Venezuelan immigrants after Colombia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-14 |title=Miles de venezolanos ingresan a Perú antes que entre en vigencia requisito de visa humanitaria {{!}} Mundo {{!}} Gestion |work=Gestion |url=https://gestion.pe/mundo/miles-venezolanos-ingresan-peru-vigencia-requisito-visa-humanitaria-270196 |access-date=2024-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614190654/https://gestion.pe/mundo/miles-venezolanos-ingresan-peru-vigencia-requisito-visa-humanitaria-270196 |archive-date=14 June 2019 |last1=Ap |first1=Agencia }}</ref>

===Language===
{{main|Languages of Peru}}
[[File:Last look arounjd Lima (8444763943).jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Casa de Osambela]], headquarters of the [[Academia Peruana de la Lengua]] (APL) in [[Lima]]]]
According to the Peruvian Constitution of 1993, Peru's official languages are [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and, in areas where they predominate, [[Quechuan languages|Quechua]] and other Indigenous languages. Spanish is spoken natively by 82.6% of the population, and coexists with several native languages, of which the most important is the [[Quechuan languages]], spoken by 16.92% of the population, 1.7% [[Aymara language|Aymara]] and 0.8% speaking another native language. In the urban areas of the country, especially in the coastal region, monolingualism of Spanish predominates; while in many rural areas of the country, particularly in the Amazon, multilingual populations dominate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211135110/https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2020 |access-date=27 September 2018 |website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática |page=198}}</ref>

Spanish language is used by the government and is the mainstream language of the country, which is used by the media and in educational systems and commerce. Amerindians who live in the Andean highlands speak Quechua and Aymara and are ethnically distinct from the diverse Indigenous groups who live on the eastern side of the Andes and in the tropical lowlands adjacent to the [[Amazon basin]].<ref name="Loaiza-2016" />

Peru's distinct geographical regions are mirrored in a language divide between the coast where Spanish is more predominant over the Amerindian languages, and the more diverse traditional Andean cultures of the mountains and highlands. The Indigenous populations east of the Andes speak various languages and dialects. Some of these groups still adhere to traditional Indigenous languages, while others have been almost completely assimilated into the Spanish language. There has been an increasing and organized effort to teach Quechua in public schools in the areas where Quechua is spoken. In the Peruvian Amazon, numerous Indigenous languages are spoken, including [[Asháninka language|Asháninka]], [[Bora language|Bora]], and [[Aguaruna language|Aguaruna]].<ref name="Loaiza-2016" />

===Religion===
{{main|Religion in Peru}}
[[File:La Basílica Catedral de Arequipa 03.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Basilica Cathedral of Arequipa]]]]
Roman Catholicism has been the predominant faith in Peru for centuries, albeit religious practices have a high degree of [[syncretism]] with Indigenous traditions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Budde |first=Michael L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tJ0DQAAQBAJ&dq=syncretism+with+Indigenous+traditions+Peru&pg=PA201 |title=Beyond the Borders of Baptism: Catholicity, Allegiances, and Lived Identities |date=2016-09-02 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-4982-0473-6 |language=en}}</ref> Two of its universities, [[Pontifical Catholic University of Peru]] and Universidad Católica San Pablo, are among the country's five top universities.<ref>World University Ranking 2023, Times Higher Education, https://www.times {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127230006/https://times/ |date=27 January 2022}} highereducation.com > world-ranking</ref> As of the 2017 census, 76% of the population over 12 years old described themselves as [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]; 14.1% as [[Evangelical Protestant|Evangelical]]; 4.8% as Protestant, Jewish, [[Latter-day Saints]], and [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]; and 5.1% as nonreligious.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://es.statista.com/grafico/28553/las-religiones-mas-comunes-en-latinoamerica/ |title=Catholicism and evangelism: the two most common religions in Latin America |website=Statista |date=26 October 2022 |access-date=18 November 2022 |archive-date=19 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119004809/https://es.statista.com/grafico/28553/las-religiones-mas-comunes-en-latinoamerica/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Amerindian religious traditions continue to play a major role in the beliefs of Peruvians. Catholic festivities like [[Corpus Christi (feast)|Corpus Christi]], [[Holy Week]] and Christmas sometimes blend with Amerindian traditions. Pre-Columbian Amerindian festivities remain widespread; [[Inti Raymi]], an ancient Inca festival, is still celebrated, especially in rural communities.

The majority of towns, cities, and villages have their own official church or cathedral and [[patron saint]]. The two saints of Peru are [[Rose of Lima]], the first Saint of the Americas, and [[Martin de Porres]]. The largest cathedral in Peru is the [[Metropolitan Cathedral of Lima]]. Other notable churches and cathedrals are the [[Cusco Cathedral]] [[Basilica Cathedral of Arequipa]] and the [[Basilica of Santo Domingo, Lima|Basilica of Santo Domingo]].

On 8 May 2025, naturalized Peruvian citizen [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] Robert Francis Prevost, the former [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiclayo|Bishop of Chiclayo]] (2015–2023), was [[2025 papal conclave|elected]] [[Pope]] of the Catholic Church. He took the name [[Pope Leo XIV|Leo XIV]] and became the second pope from the Americas after his Argentinian predecessor, [[Pope Francis|Francis]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Collyns |first1=Dan |title='The pope is Peruvian': elation in country where pontiff served as bishop |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/08/pope-leo-xiv-peru-latin-america |access-date=9 May 2025 |work=The Guardian |date=8 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509010417/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/08/pope-leo-xiv-peru-latin-america |archive-date=9 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Education===
{{main|Education in Peru}}
[[File:Mural Colorido - UNMSM.jpg|thumb|[[National University of San Marcos]], the first university in the Americas]]

In Peru, education is under the jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of Education (Peru)|Ministry of Education]], which is in charge of formulating, implementing and supervising the national education policy. According to the Political Constitution of Peru, education is [[Compulsory education|compulsory]] and free in public schools for the initial, primary and secondary levels.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/peru/ Peru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123014649/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/peru/|date=23 January 2021}} . CIA, The World Factbook</ref><ref>''Constitución Política del Perú'', Article No. 17.</ref> It is also free in public universities for students who have satisfactory academic performance and pass the admission exams. Most of the schools in Peru are [[Private school|private]] and [[Religious school|religious]]. Peru's literacy rate is estimated at 92.9% as of 2007; this rate is lower in rural areas (80.3%) than in urban areas (96.3%).<ref>Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, ''Perfil sociodemográfico del Perú'', p. 93.</ref>

Education is divided into different levels: Initial education corresponds to the period between zero and five years of age, and is in charge of cribs whose purpose is to provide children with the stimulation required for their comprehensive development and the gardens that offer technical-pedagogical activities. Primary education begins with the first cycle, made up of the first and second grades. The entry age for children is six years old. This level begins in the first grade and ends in the sixth grade of primary school. Secondary education consists of five years, from first to fifth year. Then comes higher education that can be technical, productive, technological or university. To enter universities it is essential to take an admission exam, although the difficulty of this depends on the requirements of the university.

Peru is home to one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the New World. The [[National University of San Marcos]], founded on 12 May 1551, during the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]], is the first officially established and the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Samaké |first=Cynthia LeCount |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5qAuEQAAQBAJ&dq=National+University+of+San+Marcos+oldest+continuously+functioning+university+in+the+Americas&pg=PT91 |title=Textile Traveler's Guide to Peru & Bolivia |date=2019-04-05 |publisher=Schiffer + ORM |isbn=978-1-5073-0253-8 |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2025 |access-date=17 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219125140/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Textile_Traveler_s_Guide_to_Peru_Bolivia/5qAuEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=National+University+of+San+Marcos+oldest+continuously+functioning+university+in+the+Americas&pg=PT91&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref> The University of San Marcos is known to be the best in Peru and among the best in South America.

=== Toponyms ===
Many of the Peruvian [[toponym]]s have [[Indigenous language|Indigenous]] sources. In the Andes communities of [[Áncash Region|Ancash]], [[Cusco Region|Cusco]] and [[Puno Region|Puno]], Quechua or Aymara names are overwhelmingly predominant. Their Spanish-based orthography, however, is in conflict with the normalized alphabets of these languages. According to Article 20 of ''Decreto Supremo No 004-2016-MC'' (Supreme Decree) which approves the Regulations to Law 29735, published in the official newspaper El Peruano on 22 July 2016, adequate spellings of the [[toponym]]s in the normalized alphabets of the Indigenous languages must progressively be proposed with the aim of standardizing the naming used by the National Geographic Institute ''(Instituto Geográfico Nacional, IGN)''. The National Geographic Institute realizes the necessary changes in the official maps of Peru.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://busquedas.elperuano.com.pe/normaslegales/decreto-supremo-que-aprueba-el-reglamento-de-la-ley-n-29735-decreto-supremo-n-004-2016-mc-1407753-5/|title=Decreto Supremo que aprueba el Reglamento de la Ley N° 29735, Ley que regula el uso, preservación, desarrollo, recuperación, fomento y difusión de las lenguas originarias del Perú, Decreto Supremo N° 004-2016-MC|access-date=10 July 2017|archive-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029100122/http://busquedas.elperuano.com.pe/normaslegales/decreto-supremo-que-aprueba-el-reglamento-de-la-ley-n-29735-decreto-supremo-n-004-2016-mc-1407753-5/|url-status=live}}</ref>