Editing Paris (section)

==Culture==
===Painting and sculpture===
{{Main|Art in Paris}}
[[File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette.jpg|thumb|[[Auguste Renoir]], ''[[Bal du moulin de la Galette]]'', 1876, oil on canvas, {{cvt|131|x|175|cm|0}}, [[Musée d'Orsay]]]]
For centuries, Paris has attracted artists from around the world. As a result, Paris has acquired a reputation as the "City of Art".{{sfn|Montclos|2003}} Italian artists were a profound influence on the development of art in Paris in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in sculpture and reliefs. Painting and sculpture became the pride of the French monarchy and the French royal family commissioned many Parisian artists to adorn their palaces during the [[French Baroque and Classicism]] era. Sculptors such as [[François Girardon|Girardon]], [[Antoine Coysevox|Coysevox]] and [[Nicolas Coustou|Coustou]] acquired reputations as the finest artists in the royal court in 17th-century France. [[Pierre Mignard]] became the first painter to King [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] during this period. In 1648, the ''[[Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture]]'' (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture) was established to accommodate for the dramatic interest in art in the capital. This served as France's top art school until 1793.{{sfn|Michelin|2011}}

Paris was in its artistic prime in the 19th century and early 20th century, when it had a colony of artists established in the city and in art schools associated with some of the finest painters of the times: [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]], [[Édouard Manet]], [[Claude Monet]], [[Berthe Morisot]], [[Paul Gauguin]], [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] and others. Paris was central to the development of [[Romanticism]] in art, with painters such as [[Théodore Géricault|Géricault]].{{sfn|Michelin|2011}} [[Impressionism]], [[Art Nouveau]], [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolism]], [[Fauvism]], [[Cubism]] and [[Art Deco]] movements all evolved in Paris.{{sfn|Michelin|2011}} In the late 19th century, many artists in the French provinces and worldwide flocked to Paris to exhibit their works in the numerous salons and expositions and make a name for themselves.{{sfn|Perry|1995|p=19}} Artists such as [[Pablo Picasso]], [[Henri Matisse]], [[Vincent van Gogh]], [[Paul Cézanne]], [[Jean Metzinger]], [[Albert Gleizes]], [[Henri Rousseau]], [[Marc Chagall]], [[Amedeo Modigliani]] and many others became associated with Paris.

The most prestigious sculptors who made their reputation in Paris in the modern era are [[Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi]] ([[Statue of Liberty]]), [[Auguste Rodin]], [[Camille Claudel]], [[Antoine Bourdelle]], [[Paul Landowski]] (statue of [[Christ the Redeemer (statue)|''Christ the Redeemer'']] in [[Rio de Janeiro]]) and [[Aristide Maillol]]. The [[Belle Époque|Golden Age]] of the [[School of Paris]] ended between the two world wars.

===Museums===
{{Main|List of museums in Paris}}
[[File:MuseeOrsay 20070324.jpg|thumb|[[Musée d'Orsay]]]]

The [[Louvre]] received 2,8 million visitors in 2021, up from 2.7 million in 2020,<ref name="ReferenceC">"Visitor Figures 2021", "The Art Newspaper", 5 January 2022.</ref> holding its position as first among the [[List of most-visited museums|most-visited museums]]. Its treasures include the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' (''La Joconde''), the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' statue, and ''[[Liberty Leading the People]]''. The second-most visited museum in the city in 2021, with 1.5 million visitors, was the [[Centre Georges Pompidou]], also known as Beaubourg, which houses the {{lang|fr|[[Musée National d'Art Moderne]]|italic=no}} The third most visited Paris museum in 2021 was the [[National Museum of Natural History, France|National Museum of Natural History]] with 1,4 million visitors. It is famous for its dinosaur artefacts, mineral collections and its Gallery of Evolution. It was followed by the [[Musée d'Orsay]], featuring 19th century art and the [[French Impressionists]], which had one million visitors. Paris hosts one of the largest science museums in Europe, the [[Cité des sciences et de l'industrie]] (984,000 visitors in 2020) and one of the oldest, the [[Musée des Arts et Métiers]] (opened in 1794). The other most-visited Paris museums in 2021 were the [[Fondation Louis Vuitton]] (691,000), the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac]], featuring the indigenous art and cultures of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. (616,000); the [[Musée Carnavalet]] (History of Paris) (606,000), and the {{Lang|fr|[[Petit Palais]]|italic=no}}, the art museum of the City of Paris (518,000).<ref>"Le Tourisme a Paris – Chiffres Cles -Edition 2021,"the Office of Tourism and Congresses of the City of Paris.(published 2022)</ref>
[[File:Musée du quai Branly.jpg|thumb|[[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac|Musée du quai Branly]]]]

The [[Musée de l'Orangerie]], near both the Louvre and the Orsay, also exhibits Impressionists and Post-Impressionists, including most of [[Claude Monet]]'s large ''[[Water Lilies (Monet series)|Water Lilies]]'' murals. The [[Musée national du Moyen Âge]], or Cluny Museum, presents [[Medieval art]]. The [[Guimet Museum]], or ''Musée national des arts asiatiques'', has one of the largest collections of Asian art in Europe. There are also notable museums devoted to individual artists, including the [[Musée Picasso]], the [[Musée Rodin]] and the [[Musée national Eugène Delacroix]].

The military history of France is presented by displays at the [[Musée de l'Armée]] at [[Les Invalides]]. In addition to the national museums, run by the [[Ministry of Culture (France)|Ministry of Culture]], the City of Paris operates 14 museums, including the [[Carnavalet Museum]] on the history of Paris, [[Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris]], [[Palais de Tokyo]], the [[Maison de Victor Hugo|House of Victor Hugo]], the [[Maison de Balzac|House of Balzac]] and the [[Catacombs of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/musees |title=Municipal museums |publisher=Maire de Paris |access-date=23 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141123165959/http://www.paris.fr/musees |archive-date=23 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> There are also notable private museums. The Contemporary Art museum of the [[Louis Vuitton Foundation]], designed by architect [[Frank Gehry]], opened in October 2014 in the [[Bois de Boulogne]].

===Theatre===
The largest opera houses of Paris are the 19th-century Opéra Garnier (historical [[Opéra National de Paris|Paris Opéra]]) and modern [[Opéra Bastille]]; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern.{{sfn|Lawrence|Gondrand|2010|p=178}} In the middle of the 19th century, there were three other active and competing opera houses: the Opéra-Comique (which still exists), [[Théâtre-Italien]] and [[Théâtre Lyrique]] (which in modern times changed its profile and name to [[Théâtre de la Ville]]).{{Sfn|Schumacher|1996|p=60}} [[Philharmonie de Paris]], the modern symphonic concert hall of Paris, opened in January 2015. Another musical landmark is the [[Théâtre des Champs-Élysées]], where the first performances of Diaghilev's [[Ballets Russes]] took place in 1913.
[[File:CFfacadePlacedelOpera.png|thumb|The [[Comédie Française]] (Salle Richelieu)]]

Theatre traditionally has occupied a large place in Parisian culture, and many of its most popular actors today are also stars of French television. The oldest and most famous Paris theatre is the [[Comédie-Française]], founded in 1680. Run by the Government of France, it performs mostly French classics at the Salle Richelieu in the [[Palais-Royal]].{{Sfn|Fierro|1996|page=1173}} Other famous theatres include the [[Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe]], also a state institution and theatrical landmark; the Théâtre Mogador; and the [[Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Where |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tj4WAQAAIAAJ |access-date=2 July 2013 |date=1961 |page=304 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907162159/http://books.google.com/books?id=Tj4WAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=7 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The music hall and [[cabaret]] are famous Paris institutions. The ''[[Moulin Rouge]]'' was opened in 1889 and became the birthplace of the dance known as the French [[Cancan]]. It helped make famous the singers [[Mistinguett]] and [[Édith Piaf]] and the painter [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec|Toulouse-Lautrec]], who made posters for the venue. In 1911, the dance hall [[Olympia Paris]] invented the grand staircase as a settling for its shows, competing with its great rival, the ''[[Folies Bergère]]''. Its stars in the 1920s included the American singer and dancer [[Josephine Baker]]. Later, Olympia Paris presented [[Dalida]], [[Edith Piaf]], [[Marlene Dietrich]], [[Miles Davis]], [[Judy Garland]] and the [[Grateful Dead]].

The [[Casino de Paris]] presented many famous French singers, including [[Mistinguett]], [[Maurice Chevalier]] and [[Tino Rossi]]. Other famous Paris music halls include ''[[Le Lido]]'', on the Champs-Élysées, opened in 1946; and the [[Crazy Horse (cabaret)|Crazy Horse Saloon]], featuring strip-tease, dance and magic, opened in 1951. A half dozen music halls exist today in Paris, attended mostly by visitors to the city.{{Sfn|Fierro|1996|pages=1005–1006}}

===Literature===
{{Main|Writers in Paris}}
[[File:Victor Hugo by Étienne Carjat 1876 - full.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|[[Victor Hugo]]]]
The first book printed in France, ''Epistolae'' ("Letters"), by [[Gasparinus de Bergamo]] (Gasparino da Barzizza), was published in Paris in 1470 by the press established by [[Johann Heynlin]]. Since then, Paris has been the centre of the French publishing industry, the home of some of the world's best-known writers and poets, and the setting for many classic works of French literature. Paris did not become the acknowledged capital of French literature until the 17th century, with authors such as [[Nicolas Boileau|Boileau]], [[Pierre Corneille|Corneille]], [[La Fontaine]], [[Molière]], [[Jean Racine|Racine]], [[Charles Perrault]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k108017c.r=Labyrinte+de+Versailles+Perrault.langEN |title=scan of the book at the Bibliothèque nationale de France |publisher=Gallica.bnf.fr |date=15 October 2007 |access-date=24 March 2014 |archive-date=12 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612140924/http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k108017c.r=Labyrinte+de+Versailles+Perrault.langEN |url-status=live}}</ref> several coming from the provinces, as well as the foundation of the {{Lang|fr|[[Académie française]]|italic=no}}.{{sfn|Fierro|1996|p=488}} In the 18th century, the literary life of Paris revolved around the cafés and salons; it was dominated by [[Voltaire]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], [[Pierre de Marivaux]] and [[Pierre Beaumarchais]].

During the 19th century, Paris was the home and subject for some of France's greatest writers, including [[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Stéphane Mallarmé]], [[Mérimée]], [[Alfred de Musset]], [[Marcel Proust]], [[Émile Zola]], [[Alexandre Dumas]], [[Gustave Flaubert]], [[Guy de Maupassant]] and [[Honoré de Balzac]]. Victor Hugo's ''[[The Hunchback of Notre-Dame]]'' inspired the renovation of its setting, the [[Notre-Dame de Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adoremus.org/1099-Rose.html |title=Notre Dame Renovations |access-date=4 July 2013 |publisher=Adoremus Organization |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207134139/http://www.adoremus.org/1099-Rose.html |archive-date=7 February 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Another of Victor Hugo's works, ''[[Les Misérables]]'', described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/135/135-h/135-h.htm |title=Les Miserables |work=Preface |date=1862 |access-date= 4 July 2013 |publisher=Gutenberg Organization |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131011091018/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/135/135-h/135-h.htm |archive-date= 11 October 2013 |url-status= live}}</ref> One of the most popular of all French writers, [[Jules Verne]], worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jules Verne |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jules-Verne |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref>

In the 20th century, the Paris literary community was dominated by figures such as [[Colette]], [[André Gide]], [[François Mauriac]], [[André Malraux]], [[Albert Camus]], and, after World War II, by [[Simone de Beauvoir]] and [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]. Between the wars it was the home of many important expatriate writers, including [[Ernest Hemingway]], [[Samuel Beckett]], [[Miguel Ángel Asturias]], [[Alejo Carpentier]] and, [[Arturo Uslar Pietri]]. The winner of the 2014 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]], [[Patrick Modiano]], based most of his literary work on the depiction of the city during World War II and the 1960s–1970s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2014/bio-bibl.html |title=Official site of the Nobel Prize |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216224108/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2014/bio-bibl.html |archive-date=16 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Paris is a city of books and bookstores. In the 1970s, 80 percent of French-language publishing houses were found in Paris.{{sfn|Fierro|1996|p=840}} It is also a city of small bookstores. There are about 150 bookstores in the 5th arrondissement alone, plus another 250 book stalls along the Seine. Small Paris bookstores are protected against competition from discount booksellers by French law; books, even e-books, cannot be discounted more than five percent below their publisher's cover price.<ref>"The French Still Flock to Bookstores", ''New York Times'', 20 June 2012</ref>

===Music===
{{Main|Music in Paris|History of music in Paris}}
[[File:Olympia facade.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|[[Olympia (Paris)|Olympia]] music hall]]
In the late 12th century, a school of [[polyphony]] was established at Notre-Dame. Among the [[Trouvères]] of northern France, a group of Parisian aristocrats became known for their poetry and songs. [[Troubadours]], from the south of France, were also popular. During the reign of [[Francis I of France|François I]], in the [[Renaissance music|Renaissance era]], the [[lute]] became popular in the French court. The French royal family and courtiers "disported themselves in masques, ballets, allegorical dances, recitals, and opera and comedy", and a national musical printing house was established.{{sfn|Michelin|2011}} In the [[Baroque music|Baroque-era]], noted composers included [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]], [[Jean-Philippe Rameau]], and [[François Couperin]].{{sfn|Michelin|2011}} The [[Conservatoire de Paris|''Conservatoire de Musique de Paris'']] was founded in 1795.{{sfn|Damschroeder|Williams|1990|p=157}} By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music.

[[Romantic music|Romantic-era]] composers (in Paris) include [[Hector Berlioz]], [[Charles Gounod]], [[Camille Saint-Saëns]], [[Léo Delibes]] and [[Jules Massenet]], among others.{{sfn|Michelin|2011}} [[Georges Bizet]]'s ''[[Carmen]]'' premiered 3 March 1875. ''Carmen'' has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical [[Western canon|canon]].<ref name="McClary">[https://books.google.com/books?id=UNGaPmlHFzgC&pg=PA120 ''Georges Bizet: Carmen''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164803/https://books.google.com/books?id=UNGaPmlHFzgC&pg=PA120 |date=26 March 2023 }}, Susan McClary, p. 120</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p27gT7VcuNUC&pg=PA146 |title=The Essential Canon of Classical Music |first=David |last=Dubal |page=346 |date=2003 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-1-4668-0726-6 |access-date=9 January 2016 |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201223150/https://books.google.com/books?id=p27gT7VcuNUC&pg=PA146 |url-status=live }}</ref> Among the [[Impressionism in music|Impressionist]] composers who created new works for piano, orchestra, opera, chamber music and other musical forms, stand in particular, [[Claude Debussy]], [[Erik Satie]] and [[Maurice Ravel]]. Several foreign-born composers, such as [[Frédéric Chopin]], [[Franz Liszt]], [[Jacques Offenbach]], [[Niccolò Paganini]], and [[Igor Stravinsky]], established themselves or made significant contributions both with their works and their influence in Paris.

[[Bal-musette]] is a style of French music and dance that first became popular in Paris in the 1870s and 1880s; by 1880 Paris had some 150 dance halls.{{sfn|Dregni|2004|p=19}} Patrons danced the [[bourrée]] to the accompaniment of the [[cabrette]] (a [[bellows]]-blown [[bagpipe]] locally called a "musette") and often the [[vielle à roue]] ([[hurdy-gurdy]]) in the cafés and bars of the city. Parisian and Italian musicians who played the [[accordion]] adopted the style and established themselves in Auvergnat bars,{{sfn|Dregni|2008|p=32}} and Paris became a major centre for [[jazz]] and still attracts jazz musicians from all around the world to its clubs and cafés.{{sfn|Mroue|2006|p=260}}

Paris is the spiritual home of [[gypsy jazz]] in particular, and many of the Parisian jazzmen who developed in the first half of the 20th century began by playing Bal-musette in the city.{{Sfn|Dregni|2008|p=32}} [[Django Reinhardt]] rose to fame in Paris and performed with violinist [[Stéphane Grappelli]] and their [[Quintette du Hot Club de France]] in the 1930s and 1940s.<ref name="Gjazz">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2010/mar/03/jazz-bars-paris-django-reinhardt |title=Best Gypsy jazz bars in Paris |work=The Guardian |date=3 March 2010 |access-date=3 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320040950/http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2010/mar/03/jazz-bars-paris-django-reinhardt |archive-date=20 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Moulin Rouge, Paris April 2011.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Moulin Rouge]] has hosted many singers including Parisian [[Édith Piaf]]]]
Immediately after the War the [[Saint-Germain-des-Pres]] quarter and the nearby Saint-Michel quarter became home to many small jazz clubs, including the Caveau des Lorientais, the Club Saint-Germain, the Rose Rouge, the Vieux-Colombier, and the most famous, [[Le Tabou]]. They introduced Parisians to the music of [[Claude Luter]], [[Boris Vian]], [[Sydney Bechet]], [[Mezz Mezzrow]], and [[Henri Salvador]]. Most of the clubs closed by the early 1960s, as musical tastes shifted toward rock and roll.{{Sfn|Bezbakh|2004|page=872}}

Some of the finest [[manouche]] musicians in the world are found here playing the cafés of the city at night.<ref name="Gjazz"/> Some of the more notable jazz venues include the New Morning, Le Sunset, La Chope des Puces and Bouquet du Nord.{{sfn|Mroue|2006|p=260}}<ref name="Gjazz"/> Several yearly festivals take place in Paris, including the [[Paris Jazz Festival]] and the rock festival [[Rock en Seine]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rock en Seine '13 |url=http://www.efestivals.co.uk/festivals/rockenseine/2013/ |publisher=Efestivals.co.uk |access-date=23 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513220755/http://www.efestivals.co.uk/festivals/rockenseine/2013 |archive-date=13 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Orchestre de Paris]] was established in 1967.<ref name=andante>{{cite web |author=Andante |date=2004 |title=Orchestre de Paris |publisher=Andante.com |url=http://www.andante.com/article/article.cfm?id=23207 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312035555/http://www.andante.com/article/article.cfm?id=23207 |archive-date=12 March 2007 |access-date=3 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> December 2015 was the 100th anniversary of the birth of [[Edith Piaf]]—widely regarded as France's national [[Chanson|chanteuse]] and one of France's greatest international stars.<ref name="yahoomusicbio">{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000150629|tab=biography|label=Édith Piaf biography|first=Steve|last=Huey |access-date=22 December 2015}}</ref>

Paris has a big [[French hip hop|hip hop]] scene. This music became popular during the 1980s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/10/14/is-france-becoming-too-american/hip-hop-a-la-francaise-29 |title=Hip-Hop à la Française |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 October 2013 |access-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209163816/http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/10/14/is-france-becoming-too-american/hip-hop-a-la-francaise-29 |archive-date=9 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cinema===
{{See also|List of films set in Paris}}
[[File:Cinématographe Lumière.jpg|thumb|right|Poster for the [[Auguste and Louis Lumière|Lumière brothers]] 1895 film ''[[L'Arroseur Arrosé]]'', the earliest comedy, and the first film to portray a fictional story.]]
The movie industry was born in Paris when [[Auguste and Louis Lumière]] projected the first motion picture for a paying audience at the Grand Café on 28 December 1895.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/presentation-du-cinematographe-lumiere/ |title=PRÉSENTATION DU CINÉMATOGRAPHE LUMIÈRE |first=Encyclopædia |last=Universalis |website=Encyclopædia Universalis |date=27 March 2002 |access-date=14 May 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011041100/https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/presentation-du-cinematographe-lumiere/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Many of Paris's concert/dance halls were transformed into cinemas when the media became popular beginning in the 1930s. Paris's largest cinema room today is in the [[Grand Rex]] theatre with 2,700 seats.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Grand Rex ... and its Etoiles |url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/visiting-france/20101024-grand-rex-and-its-etoiles |website=RFI |date=24 October 2010 |access-date = 5 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151007024417/http://www.english.rfi.fr/visiting-france/20101024-grand-rex-and-its-etoiles |archive-date = 7 October 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> Big multiplex cinemas have been built since the 1990s. UGC Ciné Cité Les Halles with 27 screens, MK2 Bibliothèque with 20 screens and UGC Ciné Cité Bercy with 18 screens are among the largest.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le Cinéma à Paris |url=http://www.paris.fr/services-et-infos-pratiques/culture-et-patrimoine/cinema/le-cinema-a-paris-2347 |publisher=Paris.fr |access-date = 5 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151016022258/http://www.paris.fr/services-et-infos-pratiques/culture-et-patrimoine/cinema/le-cinema-a-paris-2347 |archive-date = 16 October 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref>

Parisians tend to share the same movie-going trends as many of the world's global cities, with cinemas primarily dominated by Hollywood-generated film entertainment. [[Cinema of France|French cinema]] comes a close second, with major directors (''réalisateurs'') such as [[Claude Lelouch]], [[Jean-Luc Godard]], and [[Luc Besson]], and the more slapstick/popular genre with director [[Claude Zidi]] as an example. European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/2-Tamil-Films-in-1st-SAFF-in-Paris/articleshow/17781374.cms |title=2 Tamil Films in 1st SAFF in Paris |date=27 December 2012 |access-date=2 July 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130702190758/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-27/news-interviews/36021870_1_tamil-films-screen-films-south-asian-films |archive-date=2 July 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Cuisine}}Restaurants and cuisine===
{{See also|French cuisine}}
[[File:Le Zimmer, restaurant in Paris.jpg|thumb|Le Zimmer, on the [[Place du Châtelet]]]]
Since the late 18th century, Paris has been famous for its restaurants and ''[[haute cuisine]]'', food meticulously prepared and artfully presented. A luxury restaurant, La Taverne Anglaise, opened in 1786 in the arcades of the [[Palais-Royal]] by [[Antoine Beauvilliers]]; it became a model for future Paris restaurants. The restaurant [[Le Grand Véfour]] in the Palais-Royal dates from the same period.{{sfn|Fierro|1996|pp=1136–1138}} The famous Paris restaurants of the 19th century, including the Café de Paris, the [[Au Rocher de Cancale|Rocher de Cancale]], the [[Café Anglais]], [[Maison dorée (Paris)|Maison Dorée]] and the Café Riche, were mostly located near the theatres on the [[Boulevard des Italiens]]. Several of the best-known restaurants in Paris today appeared during the ''[[Belle Époque]]'', including [[Maxim's Paris|Maxim's]] on Rue Royale, [[Ledoyen]] in the gardens of the [[Champs-Élysées]], and the [[Tour d'Argent]] on the Quai de la Tournelle.{{sfn|Fierro|1996|p=1137}}

Today, owing to Paris's cosmopolitan population, every French regional cuisine and almost every national cuisine in the world can be found there; the city has more than 9,000 restaurants.{{sfn|Dominé|2014}} The [[Michelin Guide]] has been a standard guide to French restaurants since 1900, awarding its highest award, three stars, to the best restaurants in France. In 2018, of the 27 Michelin three-star restaurants in France, ten are located in Paris. These include both restaurants which serve classical French cuisine, such as [[L'Ambroisie]], and those which serve non-traditional menus, such as [[L'Astrance]], which combines French and Asian cuisines. Several of France's most famous chefs, including [[Pierre Gagnaire]], [[Alain Ducasse]], [[Yannick Alléno]] and [[Alain Passard]], have three-star restaurants in Paris.<ref>''Le Monde'', 2 February 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://restaurant.michelin.fr |title=Michelin Guide |publisher=[[Michelin Guide]] |access-date=23 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125110232/http://restaurant.michelin.fr/ |archive-date=25 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Lesdeuxmagots.jpg|thumb|left|{{lang|fr|[[Les Deux Magots]]|italic=no}} café on Boulevard Saint-Germain]]
Paris has several other kinds of traditional eating places. The [[Coffeehouse|café]] arrived in Paris in the 17th century, and by the 18th century Parisian cafés were centres of the city's political and cultural life. The [[Café Procope]] on the Left Bank dates from this period. In the 20th century, the cafés of the Left Bank, especially [[Café de la Rotonde]] and [[Le Dôme Café]] in Montparnasse and [[Café de Flore]] and {{lang|fr|[[Les Deux Magots]]|italic=no}} on Boulevard Saint Germain, all still in business, were important meeting places for painters, writers and philosophers.{{sfn|Fierro|1996|p=1137}} A [[bistro]] is a type of eating place loosely defined as a neighbourhood restaurant with a modest decor and prices and a regular clientele and a congenial atmosphere. Real bistros are increasingly rare in Paris, due to rising costs, competition, and different eating habits of Parisian diners.{{sfn|Fierro|1996|p=715}} A [[brasserie]] originally was a tavern located next to a brewery, which served beer and food at any hour. Beginning with the [[Paris Exposition of 1867]], it became a popular kind of restaurant which featured beer and other beverages served by young women in the national costume associated with the beverage. Now brasseries, like cafés, serve food and drinks throughout the day.{{sfn|Fierro|1996|p=773}}

===Fashion===
{{Main|Fashion in Paris}}
[[File:Magdalena Frackowiak.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|[[Magdalena Frackowiak]] at [[Paris Fashion Week]] (Autumn 2011)]]
Since the 19th century, Paris has been an international [[fashion capital]], particularly in the domain of [[haute couture]] (clothing hand-made to order for private clients).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carr-Allinson |first1=Rowena |title=11 Ways to Look like a Local in Paris |url=http://www.iexplore.com/destinations/paris/how-to-look-like-a-local-in-paris |website=iExplore.com |publisher=Inside-Out Media |access-date=16 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924211810/http://www.iexplore.com/destinations/paris/how-to-look-like-a-local-in-paris |archive-date=24 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is home to some of the largest fashion houses in the world, including [[Christian Dior S.A.|Dior]] and [[Chanel]], as well as many other well-known and more contemporary fashion designers, such as [[Karl Lagerfeld]], [[Jean-Paul Gaultier]], [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]], [[Givenchy]], and [[Christian Lacroix]]. [[Paris Fashion Week]], held in January and July in the [[Carrousel du Louvre]] among other renowned city locations, is one of the top four events on the international fashion calendar.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bradford |first1=Julie |title=Fashion Journalism |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=2014 |page=129 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2xeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA129 |isbn=978-1-136-47536-8 |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101095821/https://books.google.com/books?id=H2xeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA129 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Susan |last=Dillon |title=The Fundamentals of Fashion Management |publisher=A&C Black |date=2011 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3XFMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA115 |isbn=978-2-940411-58-0 |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101095821/https://books.google.com/books?id=3XFMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA115 |archive-date=1 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Moreover, Paris is also the home of the world's largest [[cosmetics]] company: [[L'Oréal]] as well as three of the top five global makers of luxury fashion accessories: [[Louis Vuitton]], [[Hermés]], and [[Cartier (jeweler)|Cartier]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insidermonkey.com/blog/top-8-luxury-brands-in-the-world-317665/7/ |publisher=Insidermonkey.com |title=Global ranking of manufacturers of luxury goods |access-date=16 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119134339/http://www.insidermonkey.com/blog/top-8-luxury-brands-in-the-world-317665/7/ |archive-date=19 January 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the major fashion designers have their showrooms along the [[Avenue Montaigne]], between the [[Champs-Élysées]] and the Seine.

===Photography===
The inventor [[Nicéphore Niépce]] produced the first permanent photograph on a polished pewter plate in Paris in 1825. In 1839, after the death of Niépce, [[Louis Daguerre]] patented the [[Daguerrotype]], which became the most common form of photography until the 1860s.{{sfn|Michelin|2011}} The work of [[Étienne-Jules Marey]] in the 1880s contributed considerably to the development of modern photography. Photography came to occupy a central role in Parisian Surrealist activity, in the works of [[Man Ray]] and [[Maurice Tabard]].<ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phsr/hd_phsr.htm Department of Photographs, ''Photography and Surrealism'', Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213005005/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phsr/hd_phsr.htm |date=13 February 2015 }}, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2000.</ref>{{sfn|Hazan|2011|p=362}} Numerous photographers achieved renown for their photography of Paris, including [[Eugène Atget]], noted for his depictions of street scenes, [[Robert Doisneau]], noted for his playful pictures of people and market scenes (among which ''Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville'' has become iconic of the romantic vision of Paris), [[Marcel Bovis]], noted for his night scenes, as well as others such as [[Jacques-Henri Lartigue]] and [[Henri Cartier-Bresson]].{{sfn|Michelin|2011}} [[Poster art]] also became an important art form in Paris in the late nineteenth century, through the work of [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]], [[Jules Chéret]], [[Eugène Grasset]], [[Adolphe Willette]], [[Pierre Bonnard]], [[Georges de Feure]], [[Henri-Gabriel Ibels]], [[Paul Gavarni]] and [[Alphonse Mucha]].{{sfn|Michelin|2011}}

===Media===
[[File:Siège_Figaro,_14_boulevard_Haussmann,_Paris_9e.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Founded in 1826, ''[[Le Figaro]]'' is still considered a [[newspaper of record]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Le Figaro |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=2 October 2023 |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/206556/Le-Figaro |access-date=25 July 2023 |archive-date=13 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113062553/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/206556/Le-Figaro |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

Paris and its close suburbs are home to numerous newspapers, magazines and publications including ''[[Le Monde]]'', ''[[Le Figaro]]'', ''[[Libération]]'', ''[[Le Nouvel Observateur]]'', ''[[Le Canard enchaîné]]'', ''[[La Croix (newspaper)|La Croix]]'', ''[[Le Parisien]]'' (in [[Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Ouen]]), ''[[Les Échos (France)|Les Échos]]'', ''Paris Match ([[Neuilly-sur-Seine]])'', ''Réseaux & Télécoms'', [[Reuters]] France, ''[[l'Équipe]]'' ([[Boulogne-Billancourt]]) and ''L'Officiel des Spectacles''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://french.about.com/od/newspapers/French_and_Francophone_Newspapers_and_Magazines.htm |title=French and Francophone Publications |publisher=French.about.com |access-date=3 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513093151/http://french.about.com/od/newspapers/French_and_Francophone_Newspapers_and_Magazines.htm |archive-date=13 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> France's two most prestigious newspapers, ''Le Monde'' and ''Le Figaro'', are the centrepieces of the Parisian publishing industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://about-france.com/french-newspapers.htm |title=Paris's Top Newspapers |publisher=About-France.com |access-date=3 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628080310/http://about-france.com/french-newspapers.htm |archive-date=28 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Agence France-Presse]] is France's oldest, and one of the world's oldest, continually operating news agencies, and is headquartered in Paris.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afp.com/en/ |title=Agence France-Presse |date=16 January 2012 |publisher=Agence France-Presse website |access-date=3 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708144823/http://www.afp.com/en |archive-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[France 24]] is a television news channel owned and operated by the French government, and is based in Paris.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.france24.com/en/ |title=France 24 |publisher=France24.com |access-date=3 July 2013 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20141015174237/http://www.france24.com/en/ |archive-date=15 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> France Diplomatie, owned and operated by the [[Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (France)|Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs]], pertains solely to diplomatic news and occurrences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/ |title=France Diplomatie |publisher=Diplomatie.gouv.fr |access-date=3 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629133112/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/ |archive-date=29 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The most-viewed network in France, [[TF1]], is in nearby [[Boulogne-Billancourt]]. [[France 2]], [[France 3]], [[Canal+ (French TV channel)|Canal+]], [[France 5]], [[M6 (TV channel)|M6]] ([[Neuilly-sur-Seine]]), [[Arte]], [[D8 (TV channel)|D8]], [[W9 (TV channel)|W9]], [[NT1 (TV channel)|NT1]], [[NRJ 12]], [[La Chaîne parlementaire]], [[France 4]], [[BFM TV]], and [[Gulli]] are other stations located in and around the capital.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://french.about.com/od/tv/French_and_Francophone_Television_Stations_Watch_French_TV.htm |title=French and Francophone TV Stations |publisher=French.about.com |access-date=3 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520074251/http://french.about.com/od/tv/French_and_Francophone_Television_Stations_Watch_French_TV.htm |archive-date=20 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Radio France]], France's public radio broadcaster, and its various channels, is headquartered in Paris's [[16th arrondissement of Paris|16th arrondissement]]. [[Radio France Internationale]], another public broadcaster is also based in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.listenlive.eu/france.html |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010073101/http://www.listenlive.eu/france.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 October 2017 |title=France's Radio Stations |publisher=Listenlive.eu |access-date=3 July 2013}}</ref> Paris also holds the headquarters of the [[La Poste (France)|La Poste]], France's national postal carrier.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laposte.com |title=La Poste |publisher=Laposte.com |access-date=3 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712042008/http://www.laposte.com/ |archive-date=12 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Holidays and festivals===
[[Bastille Day]], a celebration of the storming of the Bastille in 1789, the biggest festival in the city, is a military parade taking place every year on 14 July on the [[Champs-Élysées]], from the [[Arc de Triomphe]] to [[Place de la Concorde]]. It includes a [[flypast]] over the Champs Élysées by the [[Patrouille de France]], a parade of military units and equipment, and a display of fireworks in the evening, the most spectacular being the one at the Eiffel Tower.{{sfn|BlackmoreMcConnachie|2004|p=204}}

Other yearly festivals include [[Paris-Plages]], a festive summertime event when the Right Bank of the Seine is converted into a temporary beach;{{sfn|BlackmoreMcConnachie|2004|p=204}} [[European Heritage Days|Journées du Patrimoine]], [[Fête de la Musique]], Techno Parade, [[Nuit Blanche]], Cinéma au clair de lune, Printemps des rues, Festival d'automne, and Fête des jardins. The [[Paris Carnival|Carnaval de Paris]], one of the oldest festivals in Paris, dates back to the Middle Ages.

===Libraries===
{{Main|Libraries in Paris}}
The ''[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]]'' (BnF) operates public libraries in Paris, among them the François Mitterrand Library, Richelieu Library, Louvois, Opéra Library, and [[Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal|Arsenal Library]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bnf.fr/pages/zNavigat/frame/version_anglaise.htm?ancre=english.htm |title=How to find us |work=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051016135133/http://www.bnf.fr/pages/zNavigat/frame/version_anglaise.htm?ancre=english.htm |archive-date=16 October 2005}}</ref> 
[[File:Salle de lecture Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve n01.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sainte-Geneviève Library]]]]

The [[Bibliothèque Forney]], in the Marais district, is dedicated to the decorative arts; the Arsenal Library occupies a former military building, and has a large collection on French literature; and the [[Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris]], also in Le Marais, contains the Paris historical research service. The [[Sainte-Geneviève Library]], designed by [[Henri Labrouste]] and built in the mid-1800s, contains a rare book and manuscript division.<ref name=Woodward2006>{{cite news |last=Woodward |first=Richard B. |title=At These Parisian Landmarks, Shhh Is the Word |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/05/travel/05journeys.html |access-date=4 July 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=5 March 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214124549/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/05/travel/05journeys.html |archive-date=14 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bibliothèque Mazarine]] is the oldest public library in France. The [[Médiathèque Musicale Mahler]] opened in 1986 and contains collections related to music. The François Mitterrand Library (nicknamed ''Très Grande Bibliothèque'') was completed in 1994 to a design of [[Dominique Perrault]] and contains four glass towers.<ref name=Woodward2006/>

There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The [[Bibliothèque de la Sorbonne|Sorbonne Library]] is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the [[Sorbonne (building)|Sorbonne]] location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-[[Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie]], Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paris-Sorbonne libraries |url=http://www.english.paris-sorbonne.fr/libraries/ |publisher=Paris-Sorbonne University |access-date=4 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703101116/http://www.english.paris-sorbonne.fr/libraries/ |archive-date=3 July 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library.<ref name=nd.edu>{{cite web |title=French Libraries and Archives |url=http://www.library.nd.edu/help/study-abroad/France.shtml |publisher=University of Notre Dame, Hesburgh Libraries |access-date=5 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017053726/http://library.nd.edu/help/study-abroad/France.shtml |archive-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Sports===
{{see also|Football in Paris}}
[[File:Le Paris Saint-Germain reçoit l'AS Monaco au Parc en Coupe de France le 26 avril 2017.jpg|thumb|right|[[Parc des Princes]]]]
Paris's most popular sport clubs are the [[association football]] club [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.]] and the [[rugby union]] clubs [[Stade Français]] and [[Racing 92]] (the latter based in [[Nanterre]], a western inner suburb just outside the city proper). The 80,000-seat [[Stade de France]], built for the [[1998 FIFA World Cup]], is located just north of Paris in the commune of [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]].{{sfn|Lawrence|Gondrand|2010|pp=300–301}} It is used for football, rugby union and track and field athletics. It hosts the [[France national football team]] for friendlies and major tournaments qualifiers, annually hosts the [[France national rugby union team|French national rugby team]]'s home matches of the [[Six Nations Championship]], and hosts several important matches of the Stade Français rugby team.{{sfn|Lawrence|Gondrand|2010|pp=300–301}} The city and closer suburbs have a number of other professional and amateur football clubs: [[Paris FC]], [[Red Star FC]], [[US Créteil-Lusitanos|US Créteil]], [[Racing Club de France Football|RCF Paris]] and [[Stade Français (association football)|Stade Français Football]].

[[Rugby league]] is not a popular sport in Paris compared to other areas of France. Despite this, the capital has hosted several major events in the sport's history since the country's first game, and exhibition match between the [[Australia national rugby league team|Australia national team]] and a [[Rugby Football League|British League]] Select XIII, in December 1933. The [[Rugby League World Cup]] was first held in [[1954 Rugby League World Cup|1954]] with the [[Parc des Princes#Second stadium (1932–1972)|Parc des Princes]] hosting the opening match and the [[1954 Rugby League World Cup final|final]] in which {{rlnt|France}} finished as runners-up to {{rlnt|Great Britain}}. The newly rebuild [[Parc des Princes]] was later used for a group game of the [[1972 Rugby League World Cup]]. In 1996 and 1997, football club [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] entered created [[Paris Saint-Germain Rugby League|a rugby league club]] to participate in the [[Super League]].<ref>{{cite web |date= 25 March 2025 |title=Locations of League: Paris |url=https://www.totalrl.com/locations-of-league-paris/ |access-date=
24 April 2025 |publisher=TotalRugbyLeague}}</ref> In 2006, [[Catalans Dragons]] became the first French side to enter the [[British rugby league system]] following PSG's withdrawal. In 2026 they will move their home game against [[Wigan Warriors]] (world champions at time of planning) to Paris to celebrate 20 years of French clubs in the British game.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wigantoday.net/sport/rugby-league/wigan-warriors/wigan-warriors-and-catalans-dragons-progress-paris-plans-for-2026-5074136 |title=Wigan Warriors and Catalans Dragons progress Paris plans for 2026 |work=Wigan Today |last=Darbyshire |first=Drew |date=8 April 2025 |access-date=15 May 2025}}</ref>

Paris hosted the [[1900 Summer Olympics|1900]], [[1924 Summer Olympics|1924]] and [[2024 Summer Olympics]]. The city also bid for the [[1992 Summer Olympics|1992]], [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008]], and [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Olympic Games]] but lost to [[Barcelona]], [[Beijing]], and [[London]].

The city hosted the finals of the [[1938 FIFA World Cup final|1938 FIFA World Cup]], at the [[Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir|Stade Olympique de Colombes]], and the [[1998 FIFA World Cup final|1998 FIFA World Cup]], [[2007 Rugby World Cup Final|2007 Rugby World Cup]] and [[2023 Rugby World Cup final|2023 Rugby World Cup]], at the Stade de France. Paris hosted as well as the finals of the [[1960 European Nations' Cup final|1960]], [[UEFA Euro 1984 final|1984]] (both at [[Parc des Princes]] stadium) and [[UEFA Euro 2016 final|2016]] UEFA European Championships.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2023 |title=EURO 2016: All you need to know |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/025a-0ec0db63e375-e3d06be8c923-1000--euro-2016-all-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=6 June 2024 |publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Three [[UEFA Champions League Finals]] in the current century have also been played in the Stade de France: the [[2000 UEFA Champions League Final|2000]], [[2006 UEFA Champions League Final|2006]] and [[2022 UEFA Champions League Final|2022]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4750383.stm |access-date=21 April 2013 |date=16 June 2006 |title=Arsenal aim to upset the odds |work=BBC Sport |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912155904/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4750383.stm |archive-date=12 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Tour de france 2010 - Champs Elysées n10.jpg|thumb|left|2010 Tour de France, [[Champs Élysées]]]]

The final stage of the most famous [[Road bicycle racing|bicycle racing]] in the world, [[Tour de France]], always finishes in Paris. Since 1975, the race has [[Champs-Élysées stage in the Tour de France|finished on the Champs-Elysées]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.letour.fr/le-tour/2013/us/overall-route.html |title=2013 route |work=Le Tour |access-date=21 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517063542/http://www.letour.fr/le-tour/2013/us/overall-route.html |archive-date=17 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Tennis]] is another popular sport in Paris and throughout France; the [[French Open]], held every year on the red clay of the Roland Garros National Tennis Centre,<ref>{{cite web |title=Roland-Garros |url=http://www.rolandgarros.com/en_FR/ |publisher=Roland Garros |access-date=21 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415075857/http://www.rolandgarros.com/en_FR/ |archive-date=15 April 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> is one of the four [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] events of the world professional tennis tour. The 17,000-seat [[AccorHotels Arena|Bercy Arena]] is the venue for the annual [[Paris Masters]] tennis tournament. The Bercy Arena also hosted the [[2017 IIHF World Championship|2017 IIHF World Ice Hockey Championship]], together with [[Cologne]], Germany. The final stages of the FIBA [[EuroBasket 1951]] and [[EuroBasket 1999]] were also played in Paris, the latter at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy.

[[Basketball]] teams [[Levallois Sporting Club Basket|Levallois SCB]] and [[Paris Basket Racing]] merged in 2007 to create club [[Metropolitans 92]], which plays some of its games at the [[Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Paris)|Stade Pierre de Coubertin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://equipement.paris.fr/stade-pierre-de-coubertin-3024 |title=Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Paris) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713191550/http://equipement.paris.fr/stade-pierre-de-coubertin-3024 |archive-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=Équipement-Paris |access-date=4 April 2017}}</ref> Another top-level professional team, [[Nanterre 92]], plays in Nanterre. Founded in 2018, [[Paris Basketball]] has seen rapid growth to success, winning the [[2023–24 EuroCup Basketball|2023–24 EuroCup]].

Professional [[handball]] club [[Paris Saint-Germain Handball|Paris Saint-Germain]] (the handball department of Paris Saint-Germain Football Club) plays in the highest tier of French handball, the [[LNH Division 1]].

In 2023, a professional [[American football]] team, the [[Paris Musketeers]], were formed in the city<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paris Football Team {{!}} The Paris Football Team is an American football franchise of the European League of Football, based in Paris, France. |url=https://www.parisfootballteam.com/ |access-date=23 September 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923203752/https://www.parisfootballteam.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> joining the [[European League of Football]].