Editing Orca (section)

===Captivity===
{{Main|Captive orcas}}
[[File:Miami Oceanarium.jpg|thumb|[[Lolita (orca)|Lolita]], at the [[Miami Seaquarium]], was one of the oldest orcas in captivity.]]
The orca's [[Animal intelligence|intelligence]], trainability, striking appearance, playfulness in captivity and sheer size have made it a popular exhibit at aquaria and [[Marine mammal park|aquatic theme park]]s. From 1976 to 1997, 55 whales were taken from the wild in Iceland, 19 from Japan, and three from Argentina. These figures exclude animals that died during capture. Live captures fell dramatically in the 1990s, and by 1999, about 40% of the 48 animals on display in the world were captive-born.{{sfn|NMFS|2005|pp=43–44}}

Organizations such as [[World Animal Protection]] and the [[Whale and Dolphin Conservation]] campaign against the practice of keeping them in captivity. In captivity, they often develop pathologies, such as the [[dorsal fin]] collapse seen in 60–90% of captive males. Captives have vastly reduced life expectancies, on average only living into their 20s.{{efn|Although there are examples of killer whales living longer, including several over 30 years old, and two captive orcas (Corky II and Lolita) are in their mid-40s.}} That said, a 2015 study coauthored by staff at [[SeaWorld]] and the [[Minnesota Zoo]] suggested no significant difference in survivorship between free-ranging and captive orcas.<ref name=robeck/> However, in the wild, females who survive infancy live 46 years on average, and up to 70–80 years in rare cases. Wild males who survive infancy live 31 years on average, and up to 50–60 years.<ref>{{cite web|author=Rose|first1= N. A.|year=2011|url=http://www.hsi.org/assets/pdfs/orca_white_paper.pdf|title=Killer Controversy: Why Orcas Should No Longer Be Kept in Captivity|publisher=Humane Society International and the Humane Society of the United States|access-date=December 21, 2014|archive-date=December 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230032203/http://www.hsi.org/assets/pdfs/orca_white_paper.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Captivity usually bears little resemblance to wild habitat, and captive whales' social groups are foreign to those found in the wild. Critics claim captive life is stressful due to these factors and the requirement to perform [[circus trick]]s that are not part of wild orca behaviour, see [[#Behaviour|above]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wdcs.org/submissions_bin/cap-orc-glo-000016.pdf |title=Orcas in captivity |publisher=Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society |access-date=January 26, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706134353/http://www.wdcs.org/submissions_bin/cap-orc-glo-000016.pdf |archive-date=July 6, 2010 }}</ref> Wild orcas may travel up to {{convert|160|km|mi|-1}} in a day, and critics say the animals are too big and intelligent to be suitable for captivity.<ref name=cbs2010>Associated Press. [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/whale-attack-renews-captive-animal-debate/ Whale Attack Renews Captive Animal Debate]  ''CBS News'', March 1, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2010</ref> Captives occasionally act aggressively towards themselves, their tankmates, or humans, which critics say is a result of [[stress (medicine)|stress]].<ref name=abc2006 /> Between 1991 and 2010, the bull orca known as [[Tilikum (orca)|Tilikum]] was involved in the death of three people, and was featured in the critically acclaimed 2013 film [[Blackfish (film)|''Blackfish'']].<ref name="RT review 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/blackfish_2013|title=Blackfish|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=November 23, 2013|archive-date=November 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121215751/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/blackfish_2013/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tilikum lived at SeaWorld from 1992 until his death in 2017.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=The Killer in the Pool|first=Tim|last=Zimmerman|title=The Best American Sampler 2011|page=336|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/07/us/corpse-is-found-on-whale.html|title=Corpse Is Found on Whale|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 7, 1999|access-date=September 11, 2011|archive-date=June 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613184958/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/07/us/corpse-is-found-on-whale.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2016, SeaWorld announced that they would be ending their orca breeding program and their theatrical shows.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/160317-seaworld-orcas-killer-whales-captivity-breeding-shamu-tilikum/|title=SeaWorld to End Controversial Orca Shows and Breeding|date=March 17, 2016|website=National Geographic News|access-date=September 27, 2016|archive-date=April 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420052351/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/160317-seaworld-orcas-killer-whales-captivity-breeding-shamu-tilikum/|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, as of 2020, theatrical shows featuring orcas are still ongoing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stevens|first=Blair|date=2020-06-11|title=Even years after Blackfish, SeaWorld still has Orcas|url=https://8forty.ca/2020/06/10/even-years-after-blackfish-seaworld-still-has-orcas/|access-date=2020-12-23|language=en|archive-date=December 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213055553/https://8forty.ca/2020/06/10/even-years-after-blackfish-seaworld-still-has-orcas/|url-status=live}}</ref>