Editing Observational learning (section)

==Neuroscience==
Recent research in neuroscience has implicated [[mirror neuron]]s as a neurophysiological basis for observational learning.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lago-Rodríguez | first1 = A. | last2 = Cheeran | first2 = B. | last3 = Koch | first3 = G. | last4 = Hortobagy | first4 = T. | last5 = Fernandez-del-Olmo | first5 = M. | year = 2014 | title = The role of mirror neurons in observational motor learning: an integrative review | journal = European Journal of Human Movement | volume = 32 | pages = 82–103 }}</ref> Mirror neurons were first discovered in 1991 by researchers led by [[Giacomo Rizzolatti]]. The scientists had a device connected to a monkey to monitor brain activity. When the scientists came into the lab eating ice cream, the device buzzed. This accidental finding led them to mirror neurons which are an essential part in imitation and observational learning.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Myers |first1=David |title=Psychology |last2=DeWall |first2=C. |publisher=Worth Publishers |year=2020 |isbn=9781319347970 |edition=13th |pages=284 |language=en}}</ref> These specialized visuomotor neurons fire [[action potential]]s when an individual performs a motor task and also fire when an individual passively observes another individual performing the same motor task.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rizzolatti | first1 = G. | last2 = Fogassi | first2 = L. | year = 2014 | title = The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 369 | issue = 1644| page = 20130420 | doi=10.1098/rstb.2013.0420 | pmid=24778385 | pmc=4006191}}</ref> In observational [[motor learning]], the process begins with a visual presentation of another individual performing a motor task, this acts as a model. The learner then needs to transform the observed visual information into internal motor commands that will allow them to perform the motor task, this is known as visuomotor transformation.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Jeannerod | first1 = M. | last2 = Arbib | first2 = M. A. | last3 = Rizzolatti | first3 = G. | last4 = Sakata | first4 = H. | s2cid = 6819540 | year = 1995 | title = Grasping objects: the cortical mechanisms of visuomotor transformation | journal = Trends in Neurosciences | volume = 18 | issue = 7| pages = 314–320 | doi=10.1016/0166-2236(95)93921-j| pmid = 7571012 }}</ref> Mirror neuron networks provide a mechanism for visuo-motor and motor-visual transformation and interaction. Similar networks of mirror neurons have also been implicated in [[Social learning theory|social learning]], [[motor cognition]] and [[social cognition]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Uddin | first1 = L. Q. | last2 = Iacoboni | first2 = M. | last3 = Lange | first3 = C. | last4 = Keenan | first4 = J. P. | s2cid = 985721 | year = 2007 | title = The self and social cognition: the role of cortical midline structures and mirror neurons | journal = Trends in Cognitive Sciences | volume = 11 | issue = 4| pages = 153–157 | doi=10.1016/j.tics.2007.01.001 | pmid=17300981}}</ref>