Editing New Orleans (section)

==Demographics==

{{Historical population
|type= USA
|1769|3190
|1778|3060
|1791|5497
|1810|17242
|1820|27176
|1830|46082
|1840|102193
|1850|116375
|1860|168675
|1870|191418
|1880|216090
|1890|242039
|1900|287104
|1910|339075
|1920|387219
|1930|458762
|1940|494537
|1950|570445
|1960|627525
|1970|593471
|1980|557515
|1990|496938
|2000|484674
|2010|343829
|2020|383997
|2024 (est.)|362701
|source=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov//prod/www/decennial.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=June 4, 2015 |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626105142/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />Historical Population Figures<ref name="New Orleans 2010"/><ref name=2014CensusEst>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/counties/totals/2014/CO-EST2014-alldata.html |title=County Totals Datasets: Population Estimates |access-date=March 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403025836/https://www.census.gov/popest/data/counties/totals/2014/CO-EST2014-alldata.html |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov//population/www/documentation/twps0027.html |title=Population Of The 100 Largest Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States: 1790 To 1990 |first=Campbell |last=Gibson |publisher=Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census |date=June 1998 |access-date=May 2, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314031958/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html |archive-date=March 14, 2007}}</ref><ref name=PopEstCities>{{cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2018/PEPANNRSIP.US12A |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2018 Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division |access-date=May 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005358/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2018/PEPANNRSIP.US12A |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DinHarkins1996">{{cite book |author1=Gilbert C. Din |author2=John E. Harkins |title=New Orleans Cabildo: Colonial Louisiana's First City Government, 1769—1803 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B19VDaHvj64C&pg=PA6 |year=1996 |publisher=LSU Press |isbn=978-0-8071-2042-2 |page=6 |access-date=August 18, 2020 |archive-date=January 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110085323/https://books.google.com/books?id=B19VDaHvj64C&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
1790–1960<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/ |title=Historical Census Browser |publisher=University of Virginia Library |access-date=August 20, 2014 |archive-date=August 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811110448/http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> 1900–1990<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov//population/cencounts/la190090.txt |title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 20, 2014 |archive-date=September 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915215703/http://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/la190090.txt |url-status=live }}</ref><br />1990–2000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov//population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 20, 2014 |archive-date=June 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626210306/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> 2010–2013<ref name="QF">{{cite web |title=State & County QuickFacts |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22/22071.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731204406/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22/22071.html |archive-date=July 31, 2014}}</ref><br />2020 estimate<ref name="USCensusEst2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/research/evaluation-estimates/2020-evaluation-estimates/2010s-cities-and-towns-total.html |title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates |access-date=July 1, 2021 |archive-date=June 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626070812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/research/evaluation-estimates/2020-evaluation-estimates/2010s-cities-and-towns-total.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|footnote=Population given for the City of New Orleans, not for Orleans Parish, before New Orleans absorbed suburbs and rural areas of Orleans Parish in 1874, since which time the city and parish have been coterminous.<br />Population for Orleans Parish was 41,351 in 1820; 49,826 in 1830; 102,193 in 1840; 119,460 in 1850; 174,491 in 1860; and 191,418 in 1870.
}}

From the [[2010 United States census|2010 U.S. census]] to 2014 census estimates the city grew by 12%, adding an average of more than 10,000 new residents each year following the official decennial census.<ref name="2014CensusEst" /> According to the [[2020 United States census]], there were 383,997 people, 151,753 households, and 69,370 families residing in the city. Prior to 1960, the population of New Orleans steadily increased to a historic 627,525.

Beginning in 1960, the population decreased due to factors such as the cycles of oil production and tourism,<ref name="Hollander 2008">{{Cite web|first1=Justin B. |last1=Hollander |first2=Karina |last2=Pallagast |first3=Terry |last3=Schwarz |first4=Frank J. |last4=Popper |title=Planning Shrinking Cities|date=January 2009|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=f0643a12c8266fc0c4ed35806501efc14d0248ea|access-date=22 September 2024|website=CiteSeerX}}</ref><ref name="Frey 1987">{{Cite journal |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=240–87 |last=William H. Frey |title=Migration and Depopulation of the Metropolis: Regional Restructuring or Rural Renaissance |journal=American Sociological Review |date=1987 |doi=10.2307/2095452 |jstor=2095452}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|reason=Provided references do not support oil production and tourism as causes of the population change|date=September 2024}} and as [[suburbanization]] increased (as with many cities),<ref name="Fussell 2007">{{Cite journal |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=846–55 |last=[[Elizabeth Fussell]] |title=Constructing New Orleans, Constructing Race: A Population History of New Orleans |journal=The Journal of American History |date=2007 |doi=10.2307/25095147 |jstor=25095147}}</ref> and jobs migrated to surrounding parishes.<ref name="Katz 2006">{{Cite journal |last=Bruce Katz |title=Concentrated Poverty in New Orleans and Other American Cities |journal=Brookings |date=August 4, 2006}}</ref> This economic and population decline resulted in high levels of poverty in the city; in 1960 it had the fifth-highest poverty rate of all U.S. cities,<ref name="Spain 1979">{{Cite journal |volume=441 |issue=82 |last=Daphne Spain |title=Race Relations and the Residential Segregation in New Orleans: Two Centuries of Paradox |journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science |date=January 1979}}</ref> and was almost twice the national average in 2005, at 24.5%.<ref name="Fussell 2007" /> New Orleans experienced an increase in [[residential segregation]] from 1900 to 1980, leaving the disproportionately Black and African American poor in older, low-lying locations.<ref name="Katz 2006" /> These areas were especially susceptible to flood and storm damage.<ref name="Kates 2006">{{Cite journal |volume=103 |issue=40 |pages=14653–60 |last=R.W. Kates |author2=C.E. Colten |author3=S. Laska |author4=S.P. Leatherman |title=Reconstruction of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina: a research perspective |journal=PNAS |date=2006 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0605726103 |pmid=17003119 |pmc=1595407 |bibcode=2006PNAS..10314653K |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The last population estimate before Hurricane Katrina was 454,865, as of July 1, 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov//popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2005-01-22.xls |title=Population estimates by parish |publisher=US Census Bureau |access-date=March 22, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709154140/http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/tables/CO-EST2005-01-22.xls |archive-date=July 9, 2009}}</ref> A population analysis released in August 2007 estimated the population to be 273,000, 60% of the pre-Katrina population and an increase of about 50,000 since July 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwltv.com/local/stories/wwl080707jbpopulation.104a120f.html |title=Expert: N.O. population at 273,000 |date=August 7, 2007 |access-date=April 3, 2008 |publisher=wwltv.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226220005/http://www.wwltv.com/local/stories/wwl080707jbpopulation.104a120f.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=February 26, 2008}}</ref> A September 2007 report by The Greater New Orleans Community Data Center, which tracks population based on U.S. Postal Service figures, found that in August 2007, just over 137,000 households received mail. That compares with about 198,000 households in July 2005, representing about 70% of pre-Katrina population.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wwltv.com/local/stories/wwl092707tppop.116cbaa40.html |title=Mail survey shows N.O. population at 69 percent of Pre-Katrina |publisher=wwltv.com |date=September 27, 2007 |access-date=April 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327040440/http://www.wwltv.com/local/stories/wwl092707tppop.116cbaa40.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=March 27, 2008}}</ref> In 2010, the U.S. Census Bureau revised upward its 2008 population estimate for the city, to 336,644 inhabitants.<ref name="New Orleans 2010" /> Estimates from 2010 showed that neighborhoods that did not flood were near or even greater than 100% of their pre-Katrina populations.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/07/new_orleans_post-katrina_popul.html |title=New Orleans post-Katrina population still growing, but at slower rate |website=nola.com |date=July 2, 2010 |last=Donze |first=Frank |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620062915/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/07/new_orleans_post-katrina_popul.html |archive-date=June 20, 2017 |access-date=July 8, 2010}}</ref>

Katrina displaced 800,000 people, contributing significantly to the decline.<ref name="Nelson 2011">{{Cite journal |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=129–46 |first1=Renia |last1=Ehrenfeucht |first2=Marla |last2=Nelson |title=Planning, Population Loss and Equity in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina |journal=Planning, Practice & Research |date=2011 |doi=10.1080/02697459.2011.560457 |s2cid=153893210}}</ref> Black and African Americans, renters, the elderly, and people with low income were disproportionately affected by Katrina, compared to affluent and White residents.<ref name="Nelson 2007">{{Cite journal |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=23–52 |first1=Marla |last1=Nelson |first2=Renioa |last2=Ehrenfeucht |first3=Shirley |last3=Laska |title=Planning, Plans and People: Professional Expertise, Local Knowledge, and Governmental Action in Post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans |journal=Cityscape |date=2007}}</ref><ref name="Morse 2008">{{Cite conference |publisher=Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, Health Policy Institute |last=Reilly Morse |title=Environmental Justice through the Eye of Hurricane Katrina |location=Washington, D.C. |date=2008}}</ref> Those same groups also had the slowest growth rate in the city after Katrina primarily due to the rising cost of living, low performing public schools, and high crime in lower income neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://wrno.iheart.com/content/2022-06-22-new-orleans-residents-talk-about-leaving-city-because-of-high-crime/ | title=New Orleans Residents Talk About Leaving City Because of High Crime }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=gentrification+new+orleans+black+population&mid=212A659F3BD761DE37E5212A659F3BD761DE37E5&FORM=VIRE | title=Gentrification new orleans black population - Search Videos }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/23/magazine/why-new-orleans-black-residents-are-still-under-water-after-katrina.html#:~:text=Now%20there%20are%20still%20100%2C000,restored%20a%20decade%20after%20Katrina | title=Why New Orleans's Black Residents Are Still Underwater After Katrina | work=The New York Times | date=August 18, 2015 | last1=Rivlin | first1=Gary }}</ref> In Katrina's aftermath, city government commissioned groups such as Bring New Orleans Back Commission, the New Orleans Neighborhood Rebuilding Plan, the Unified New Orleans Plan, and the Office of Recovery Management to contribute to plans addressing depopulation. Their ideas included shrinking the city's [[Ecological footprint|footprint]] from before the storm, incorporating community voices into development plans, and creating [[Urban open space|green spaces]],<ref name="Nelson 2007" /> some of which incited controversy.<ref name="Olshanski 2008">{{Cite journal |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=273–87 |first1=Robery |last1=Olshansky |first2=Laurie A. |last2=Johnson |first3=Jedidiah |last3=Horne |first4=Brendan |last4=Nee |title=Longer View: Planning for the Rebuilding of New Orleans |journal=Journal of the American Planning Association |date=2008 |doi=10.1080/01944360802140835 |s2cid=153673624 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/995756 |access-date=April 20, 2018 |archive-date=May 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522163121/https://zenodo.org/record/995756 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Reardon 2008">{{Cite journal |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=57–76 |first1=Kenneth M. |last1=Reardon |first2=Heroiu |last2=Ionesu |first3=Andrew J. |last3=Rumbach |title=Equity Planning in Post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans: Lessons from te Ninth Ward |journal=Cityscape |date=2008}}</ref>

A 2006 study by researchers at [[Tulane University]] and the [[University of California, Berkeley]] determined that as many as 10,000 to 14,000 [[illegal immigration|undocumented immigrants]], many from [[Mexico]], resided in New Orleans.<ref name="undoc">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/08/us/nationalspecial/08workers.html |title=Study Sees Increase in Illegal Hispanic Workers in New Orleans |date=June 8, 2006 |access-date=March 31, 2008 |work=The New York Times |first=Leslie |last=Eaton |archive-date=December 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224114046/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/08/us/nationalspecial/08workers.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, the [[Pew Research Center]] estimated at least 35,000 undocumented immigrants lived in New Orleans and its metropolitan area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro area U.S. unauthorized immigrant population estimates, 2016 and 2007 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/interactives/unauthorized-immigrants-by-metro-area-table/ |access-date=2021-07-17 |website=Pew Research Center's Hispanic Trends Project |date=March 11, 2019 |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717003736/https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/interactives/unauthorized-immigrants-by-metro-area-table/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[New Orleans Police Department]] began a new policy to "no longer cooperate with federal immigration enforcement" beginning on February 28, 2016.<ref>Robert McClendon, [http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/03/sanctuary_city_immigration_new.html 'Sanctuary city' policy puts an end to NOPD's immigration enforcement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107143900/https://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/03/sanctuary_city_immigration_new.html |date=November 7, 2018 }}, ''NOLA.com | The Times-Picayune'' (March 1, 2016).</ref>

{{As of|2010}}, 90.3% of residents age five and older spoke English at home as a [[primary language]], while 4.8% spoke Spanish, 1.9% Vietnamese, and 1.1% spoke French. In total, 9.7% population age five and older spoke a [[mother language]] other than English.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |title=Orleans County |publisher=[[Modern Language Association]] |access-date=August 7, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815140430/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |archive-date=August 15, 2013}}</ref>

=== Race and ethnicity ===
{{see also|Hondurans in New Orleans|Italians in New Orleans|Vietnamese in New Orleans}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Historic racial and ethnic composition
!2020<ref name=":5" />!! 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22/2255000.html |title=New Orleans (city), Louisiana |website=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102053100/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22/2255000.html |archive-date=January 2, 2016}}</ref>!! 1990<ref name="census1">{{cite web |title=Louisiana – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov//population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=April 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref>!! 1970<ref name="census1" /> !! 1940<ref name="census1" />
|-
| [[White American|White]]
|n/a|| 33.0% || 34.9% || 54.5% || 69.7%
|-
| —[[Non-Hispanic whites|Non-Hispanic]]
|31.61%|| 30.5% || 33.1% ||  50.6%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}} || n/a
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]]
|53.61%|| 60.2% ||   61.9% ||  45.0% || 30.1%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race)
|8.08%|| 5.2% || 3.5% || 4.4%{{efn|name="fifteen"}} || n/a
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]]
|2.75%|| 2.9% ||  1.9% || 0.2% || 0.1%
|-
|Pacific Islander
|0.03%
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|-
|Two or more races
|3.71%
|1.7%
|n/a
|n/a
|n/a
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Orleans Parish, Louisiana  – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web |title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Orleans Parish, Louisiana |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?q=p004&g=050XX00US22071&tid |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902145223/https://data.census.gov/table?q=p004&g=050XX00US22071&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web |title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Orleans Parish, Louisiana |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US22071&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902145223/https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US22071&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web |title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Orleans Parish, Louisiana |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US22071&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-date=September 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902145223/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=050XX00US22071&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|128,971
|104,770
|style='background: #ffffe6; |121,385
|26.59%
|30.47%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |31.61%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|323,392
|204,866
|style='background: #ffffe6; |205,876
|66.72%
|59.58%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |53.61%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|852
|827
|style='background: #ffffe6; |761
|0.18%
|0.24%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.20%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|10,919
|9,883
|style='background: #ffffe6; |10,573
|2.25%
|2.87%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.75%
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|88
|105
|style='background: #ffffe6; |125
|0.02%
|0.03%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.03%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|961
|967
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,075
|0.20%
|0.28%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.54%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|4,765
|4,360
|style='background: #ffffe6; |12,185
|0.98%
|1.27%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.17%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|14,826
|18,051
|style='background: #ffffe6; |31,017
|3.06%
|5.25%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8.08%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''484,674'''
|'''343,829'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''373,977'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

[[File:Ethnic Origins in New Orleans.png|left|thumb|Ethnic origins in New Orleans]]
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- New Orleans (5560463750).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in the Greater New Orleans area, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

Out of [[List of parishes in Louisiana|Louisiana's 64 parishes]], it is [[List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2020#Counties|one of six that have an African-American Majority]] (2020).

Growing into a predominantly Black and African American city by race and ethnicity since 1990,<ref name="census1" /> in 2010 the racial and ethnic makeup of New Orleans was 60.2% Black and African American, 33.0% [[White Americans|White]], 2.9% [[Asian Americans|Asian]] (1.7% Vietnamese, 0.3% Indian, 0.3% Chinese, 0.1% Filipino, 0.1% Korean), 0.0% [[Pacific Islander American|Pacific Islander]], and 1.7% people of [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_QTPL&prodType=table |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520164400/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_QTPL&prodType=table |url-status=dead |title=American FactFinder – Results |author=((U.S. Census Bureau))|archive-date=May 20, 2011 |website=factfinder.census.gov}}</ref> People of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino American]] origin made up 5.3% of the population; 1.3% were Mexican, 1.3% Honduran, 0.4% Cuban, 0.3% Puerto Rican, and 0.3% Nicaraguan. In 2020, the racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 53.61% Black or African American, 31.61% [[non-Hispanic white]], 0.2% [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian and Alaska Native]], 0.03% Pacific Islander, 3.71% multiracial or of another race, and 8.08% Hispanic and Latino American of any race.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2020 Racial and Ethnic Statistics |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2255000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=December 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219011140/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2255000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |url-status=live }}</ref> The growth of the Hispanic and Latino population in New Orleans proper from 2010 to 2020 reflected national demographic trends of diversification throughout regions once predominantly non-Hispanic white.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latinos account for over half of the country's population growth |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/latinos-account-half-countrys-population-growth-rcna1667 |access-date=2022-02-13 |website=NBC News |date=August 13, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=January 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117012248/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/latinos-account-half-countrys-population-growth-rcna1667 |url-status=live }}</ref> Additionally, the 2020 census revealed the city now has a more diverse population than it did before Katrina, yet 21% fewer people than it had in 2000.<ref>Jessica Williams. (12 December 2021). "Census 2020: Who lives in the New Orleans metro now? Data show more diverse population". [https://www.nola.com/news/census-2020-who-lives-in-the-new-orleans-metro-now-data-show-more-diverse-population/article_391789a2-fb9a-11eb-a125-1bf5db471b82.html nola.com website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209012132/https://www.nola.com/news/census-2020-who-lives-in-the-new-orleans-metro-now-data-show-more-diverse-population/article_391789a2-fb9a-11eb-a125-1bf5db471b82.html |date=December 9, 2022 }} Retrieved 8 December 2022.</ref>

{{As of|2011}}, the Hispanic and Latino American population had also grown in the Greater New Orleans area alongside Black and African American residents, including in [[Kenner, Louisiana|Kenner]], central [[Metairie, Louisiana|Metairie]], and [[Terrytown, Louisiana|Terrytown]] in Jefferson Parish and Eastern New Orleans and Mid-City in New Orleans proper.<ref name="HispboomKENNER">"{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110618025537/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/06/hispanic_population_booms_in_k.html Hispanic population booms in Kenner and elsewhere in New Orleans area]}}" ({{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150828183230/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/06/hispanic_population_booms_in_k.html Archive]}}). ''[[The Times-Picayune]]''. June 15, 2011. Retrieved on September 7, 2015.</ref> [[Janet Murguía]], president and chief executive officer of the [[UnidosUS]], stated that up to 120,000 Hispanic and Latino Americans workers lived in New Orleans. In June 2007, one study stated that the Hispanic and Latino American population had risen from 15,000, pre-Katrina, to over 50,000.<ref>Moreno Gonzales, J. [https://www.theguardian.com/worldlatest/story/0,,-6752697,00.html Katrina Brought a Wave of Hispanics.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110085306/https://www.theguardian.com/world |date=January 10, 2024 }} ''Guardian Unlimited'', July 2, 2007.</ref>
 
After Katrina the small [[Brazilian Americans|Brazilian American]] population expanded. Portuguese speakers were the second most numerous group to take [[English as a second language]] classes in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans, after Spanish speakers. Many Brazilians worked in skilled trades such as tile and flooring, although fewer worked as day laborers than other Hispanic and Latino Americans. Many had moved from Brazilian communities in the [[northeastern United States]], and Florida and Georgia. Brazilians settled throughout the metropolitan area; most were undocumented. In January 2008, the New Orleans Brazilian population had a mid-range estimate of 3,000 people. By 2008, Brazilians had opened many small churches, shops and restaurants catering to their community.<ref>Nolan, Bruce. "[http://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/New-Orleans-now-home-to-thousands-of-Brazilians-1590764.php New Orleans now home to thousands of Brazilians]" ({{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150925150521/http://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/New-Orleans-now-home-to-thousands-of-Brazilians-1590764.php Archive]}}). ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''. Sunday January 27, 2008. Retrieved on September 6, 2015.</ref>

Among the growing [[Asian Americans|Asian American]] community, the earliest [[Filipino Americans]] to live within the city arrived in the early 1800s.<ref>{{cite book |first=Floro L. |last=Mercene |title=Manila Men in the New World: Filipino Migration to Mexico and the Americas from the Sixteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSqhZphG_gQC&pg=PA107 |year=2007 |publisher=UP Press |isbn=978-971-542-529-2 |pages=107–08 |access-date=August 26, 2018 |archive-date=January 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110085306/https://books.google.com/books?id=OSqhZphG_gQC&pg=PA107#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> The Vietnamese American community grew to become the largest by 2010 as many fled the aftermath of the [[Vietnam War]] in the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hiltner |first=Stephen |date=2018-05-05 |title=Vietnamese Forged a Community in New Orleans. Now It May Be Fading. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/05/us/vietnamese-forged-a-community-in-new-orleans-now-it-may-be-fading.html |access-date=2021-07-17 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=July 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717003735/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/05/us/vietnamese-forged-a-community-in-new-orleans-now-it-may-be-fading.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Sexual orientation and gender identity ===
[[File:Bourbon Pub & Parade - We stand in pride with Pulse Nightclub - New Orleans Pride Parade 2016 (27762662225).jpg|thumb|2016 New Orleans Pride]]
New Orleans and its metropolitan area have historically been popular destinations for [[LGBT|lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender]] communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LGBT Travellers in New Orleans, USA |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/new-orleans/narratives/practical-information/directory/lgbt-travellers |access-date=2021-07-17 |website=Lonely Planet |language=en |archive-date=July 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717003738/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/usa/new-orleans/narratives/practical-information/directory/lgbt-travellers |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Orleans Gay History |url=https://www.neworleans.com/things-to-do/lgbt/history/ |access-date=2021-07-17 |website=www.neworleans.com |archive-date=July 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717003737/https://www.neworleans.com/things-to-do/lgbt/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2015, a [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] survey determined New Orleans was one of the largest cities in the American South with a significant LGBT population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Survey data shows New Orleans in top 10 of metro areas with gay population |url=https://www.nola.com/news/article_53f7957e-a126-5ae1-866a-a5ceffb59488.html |access-date=2021-07-17 |website=NOLA.com |date=March 21, 2015 |language=en |archive-date=July 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717003737/https://www.nola.com/news/article_53f7957e-a126-5ae1-866a-a5ceffb59488.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Leonhardt |first1=David |last2=Miller |first2=Claire Cain |date=2015-03-20 |title=The Metro Areas With the Largest, and Smallest, Gay Populations |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/21/upshot/the-metro-areas-with-the-largest-and-smallest-gay-population.html |access-date=2021-07-17 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708143407/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/21/upshot/the-metro-areas-with-the-largest-and-smallest-gay-population.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Much of the LGBT community in New Orleans lives near the Central Business District, Mid-City, and Uptown; several gay bars and nightclubs are present in those areas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 LGBTQ Bars to Check Out in New Orleans, the Most 'Anything Goes' City in America |url=https://www.thrillist.com/drink/new-orleans/best-gay-lgbtq-bars-new-orleans |access-date=2021-07-17 |website=Thrillist |date=June 19, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512005306/https://www.thrillist.com/drink/new-orleans/best-gay-lgbtq-bars-new-orleans |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Religion===
[[File:Stlouiscathedralnight.jpg|thumb|[[St. Louis Cathedral, New Orleans|Cathedral-Basilica of St. Louis, King of France]]]]
[[File:BethIsraelCarondeletFrontA.JPG|thumb|Beth Israel synagogue building on Carondelet Street]]
New Orleans' colonial history of French and Spanish settlement generated a strong [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] tradition. Catholic missions ministered to slaves and free people of color and established schools for them. In addition, many late 19th and early 20th century European immigrants, such as the Irish, some Germans, and Italians were Catholic. Within the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans]] (which includes not only the city but the surrounding parishes as well), 40% percent of the population was Roman Catholic since 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Orleans Archdiocese (Catholic-Hierarchy) |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dnewo.html#stats |access-date=September 20, 2020 |archive-date=February 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206103615/http://catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dnewo.html#stats |url-status=live }}</ref> Catholicism is reflected in French and Spanish cultural traditions, including its many [[parochial schools]], street names, architecture and festivals, including [[New Orleans Mardi Gras|Mardi Gras]]. Within the city and metropolitan area, [[Black Catholicism|Catholicism]] is also reflected in the Black and African cultural traditions with Gospel Mass.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parishes |url=https://nolacatholic.org/parishes-1 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=Archdiocese of New Orleans |language=en |archive-date=December 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211050530/https://nolacatholic.org/parishes-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The statue of [[Our Lady of Prompt Succor]] is a notable symbol of the Catholic faith in New Orleans and throughout Louisiana.

Influenced by the [[Bible Belt]]'s prominent [[Protestantism|Protestant]] population, New Orleans also has a sizable non-Catholic Christian demographic. Roughly the majority of Protestant Christians were [[Baptists|Baptist]], and the city proper's largest non-Catholic bodies were the [[Southern Baptist Convention]], the [[National Missionary Baptist Convention of America]], [[Nondenominational Christianity|non-denominationals]], the [[National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.|National Baptist Convention]], the [[United Methodist Church]], the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]], the [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]], the [[National Baptist Convention of America International, Inc.|National Baptist Convention of America]], and the [[Church of God in Christ]] according to the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] in 2020.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Maps and data files for 2020 {{!}} U.S. Religion Census {{!}} Religious Statistics & Demographics |url=https://www.usreligioncensus.org/index.php/node/1639 |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=U.S. Religion Census |publisher=Association of Religion Data Archives |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115001940/https://www.usreligioncensus.org/index.php/node/1639 |url-status=live }}</ref>

New Orleans displays a distinctive variety of [[Louisiana Voodoo]], due in part to [[syncretism]] with African and Afro-Caribbean Roman Catholic beliefs. The fame of voodoo practitioner [[Marie Laveau]] contributed to this, as did New Orleans' Caribbean cultural influences.<ref>New Orleans, "now under the flag of the United States, is still very much a Caribbean city...." {{cite web |title=The Pearl of the Antilles and the Crescent City: Historic Maps of the Caribbean in the Latin American Library Map Collections |website=Latin American Library, Tulane University |url=http://lal.tulane.edu/mapsexib2.html |access-date=January 4, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208220708/http://lal.tulane.edu/mapsexib2.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=December 8, 2006}}
</ref><ref>New Orleans is described as "a Caribbean city, an exuberant, semi-tropical city, perhaps the most hedonistic city in the United States". {{cite web |title=Apple's America |author=R.W. Apple Jr. |format=quoted on ePodunk.com |url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/allProp.php?localID=3502&tpropID=quote&sec=0 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013161854/http://epodunk.com/cgi-bin/allProp.php?localID=3502&tpropID=quote&sec=0 |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BostonGlobeNorthernmost">New Orleans "is often called the northernmost Caribbean city". {{cite news |first=John R. |last=Kemp |url=http://www.boston.com/globe/search/stories/books/books97/christopher_benfey.htm |title=When the painter met the Creoles |work=The Boston Globe |page=G3 |date=November 30, 1997 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112052826/http://www.boston.com/globe/search/stories/books/books97/christopher_benfey.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Although the tourism industry strongly associated Voodoo with the city, only a small number of people are serious adherents.
[[File:Dog Park at NOLA City Park - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Popp Fountain in City Park, a meeting place for The Religious Order of Witchcraft]]
New Orleans was also home to the occultist [[Mary Oneida Toups]], who was nicknamed the "Witch Queen of New Orleans". Toups' coven, The Religious Order of Witchcraft, was the first coven to be officially recognized as a religious institution by the state of Louisiana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-05 |title=The High Priestess of the French Quarter |url=https://64parishes.org/high-priestess-french-quarter |access-date=2020-11-18 |website=64 Parishes |language=en |archive-date=January 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125130305/https://64parishes.org/high-priestess-french-quarter |url-status=live }}</ref> They would meet at Popp Fountain in [[City Park (New Orleans)|City Park]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gonola.com/things-to-do-in-new-orleans/history/popps-fountain-in-city-park|title=GoNOLA Find: Popp's Fountain in City Park|date=July 5, 2014|website=GoNOLA.com|access-date=February 27, 2024|archive-date=June 16, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616213534/https://gonola.com/things-to-do-in-new-orleans/history/popps-fountain-in-city-park|url-status=live}}</ref>

Jewish settlers, primarily [[Sephardim]], settled in New Orleans from the early nineteenth century. Some migrated from the communities established in the colonial years in [[Charleston, South Carolina]] and [[Savannah, Georgia]]. The merchant [[Abraham Cohen Labatt]] helped found the first Jewish congregation in New Orleans in the 1830s, which became known as the [[Spanish and Portuguese Jews|Portuguese Jewish]] Nefutzot Yehudah congregation (he and some other members were [[Sephardic Jews]], whose ancestors had lived in Portugal and Spain). [[Ashkenazi Jews]] from eastern Europe immigrated in the late 19th and 20th centuries.

By the beginning of the 21st century, 10,000 [[Jew]]s lived in New Orleans. This number dropped to 7,000 after Hurricane Katrina, but rose again after efforts to incentivize the community's growth resulted in the arrival of about an additional 2,000 Jews.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Jewish Community of New Orleans |url=https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/new-orleans |website=Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project |publisher=The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot |access-date=July 19, 2018 |archive-date=July 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719114106/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/new-orleans |url-status=dead}}</ref> New Orleans synagogues lost members, but most re-opened in their original locations. The exception was [[Congregation Beth Israel (New Orleans)|Congregation Beth Israel]], the oldest and most prominent [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] synagogue in the New Orleans region. Beth Israel's building in Lakeview was destroyed by flooding. After seven years of holding services in temporary quarters, the congregation consecrated a new synagogue on land purchased from the [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] Congregation Gates of Prayer in [[Metairie, Louisiana|Metairie]].<ref name="Beth_Israel_7_years">{{cite news |last1=Nolan |first1=Bruce |title=Congregation Beth Israel ends 7 years of Hurricane Katrina-induced wandering |url=http://www.nola.com/religion/index.ssf/2012/08/congregation_beth_israel_will.html |access-date=July 2, 2014 |newspaper=The Times-Picayune |date=August 25, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714222042/http://www.nola.com/religion/index.ssf/2012/08/congregation_beth_israel_will.html |archive-date=July 14, 2014}}</ref>

A visible religious minority,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Killion |first=Aubry |date=2019-03-15 |title=Members of the New Orleans Islamic community on high alert |url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/members-of-the-new-orleans-islamic-community-on-high-alert/26840939 |access-date=2020-10-28 |website=WDSU |language=en |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101033521/https://www.wdsu.com/article/members-of-the-new-orleans-islamic-community-on-high-alert/26840939 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Krewe: New Orleans' hidden community |url=https://www.vianolavie.org/2020/01/07/krewe-new-orleans-hidden-community/ |access-date=2020-10-28 |website=ViaNolaVie |language=en-us |archive-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026212342/https://www.vianolavie.org/2020/01/07/krewe-new-orleans-hidden-community/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Muslims]] constituted 0.6% of the religious population as of 2019 according to [[Sperling's BestPlaces]].<ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=New Orleans, Louisiana Religion |url=https://www.bestplaces.net/religion/city/louisiana/new_orleans |access-date=March 21, 2019 |website=bestplaces.net |archive-date=March 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321155839/https://www.bestplaces.net/religion/city/louisiana/new_orleans |url-status=live }}</ref> The Association of Religion Data Archives in 2020 estimated that there were 6,150 Muslims in the city proper. The Islamic demographic in New Orleans and its metropolitan area have been mainly made up of Middle Eastern immigrants and [[African-American Muslims|African Americans]].