Editing Nantes (section)

==Economy==
[[File:Tereos Nantes.JPG|thumb|alt=Aerial photo of a sugar refinery in Nantes|Beghin-Say sugar refinery]]
For centuries, Nantes's economy was linked to the Loire and the Atlantic; the city had France's largest harbour in the 18th century.{{sfn|Decours|2006|p=59}} Food processing predominated during the [[Industrial Age]], with sugar refineries (Beghin-Say), biscuit factories ([[Lefèvre-Utile|LU]] and [[BN (biscuit)|BN]]), canned fish (Saupiquet and Tipiak) and processed vegetables (Bonduelle and Cassegrain); these brands still dominate the French market. The Nantes region is France's largest food producer; the city has recently become a hub of innovation in food security, with laboratories and firms such as [[Eurofins Scientific]].{{sfn|Industries agroalimentaires}}

Nantes experienced [[deindustrialisation]] after port activity in [[Saint-Nazaire]] largely ceased, culminating in the 1987 closure of the shipyards. At that time, the city attempted to attract service firms. Nantes capitalised on its culture and proximity to the sea to present itself as creative and modern. [[Capgemini]] (management consulting), [[SNCF]] (rail) and [[Bouygues Telecom]] opened large offices in the city, followed by smaller companies.{{sfn|Comment Nantes est|2015}} Since 2000 Nantes has developed a business district, Euronantes, with {{convert|500000|m2|abbr=unit|e6ft2}} of office space and 10,000 jobs.{{sfn|Euronantes, projet emblématique|2011}} Although its stock exchange was merged with that of Paris in 1990,{{sfn|Philippe Audureau}} Nantes is the third-largest [[financial centre]] in France after [[Paris]] and [[Lyon]].{{sfn|La deuxième place}}

[[File:Euronantes2.jpg|thumb|alt=Aerial photo of the Euronantes district|The Euronantes business district]]
The city has one of the best-performing economies in France, producing {{Euro|55 billion|link=yes}} annually; {{Euro|29 billion}} returns to the local economy.{{sfn|Quiriet|2016}} Nantes has over 25,000 businesses with 167,000 jobs,{{sfn|Économie}} and its metropolitan area has 42,000 firms and 328,000 jobs.{{sfn|L’Emploi dans la}} The city is one of France's most dynamic in job creation, with 19,000 jobs created in Nantes Métropole between 2007 and 2014 (outperforming larger cities such as [[Marseille]], [[Lyon]] and [[Nice]]).{{sfn|L’Emploi dans la}} The [[communes of France|communes]] surrounding Nantes have industrial estates and retail parks, many along the region's ring road. The metropolitan area has ten large shopping centres; the largest, Atlantis in [[Saint-Herblain]], is a mall with 116 shops and several superstores (including [[IKEA]]).{{sfn|Nantes. Le nouveau|2012}} The shopping centres threaten independent shops in central Nantes, but it remains the region's largest retail area{{Sfn|Schéma directeur de|2012|p=12}} with about 2,000 shops.{{sfn|Un centre ville}} Tourism is a growing sector and Nantes, with two million visitors annually, is France's seventh-most-visited city.{{sfn|Nantes en 7ème}}

In 2021, 79.8 percent of the city's businesses were involved in trade, transport and services; 12.2 percent in public administration, education and health; 4.4 percent in construction, and 3.6&nbsp;percent in industry.<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7657371?geo=COM-44109 Caractéristiques des établissements fin 2021], INSEE</ref> Although industry is less significant than it was before the 1970s, Nantes is France's second-largest centre for [[aeronautics]].{{sfn|Les filières économiques}} The European company [[Airbus]] produces its fleet's [[wingbox]]es and [[radome]]s in Nantes, employing about 2,000 people.{{sfn|Travailler pour Airbus}} The city's remaining port terminal still handles wood, sugar, fertiliser, metals, sand and cereals, ten percent of the total Nantes–[[Saint-Nazaire]] harbour traffic (along the Loire estuary).{{sfn|Les multiples facettes}} The Atlanpole [[technopole]], in northern Nantes on its border with [[Carquefou]], intends to develop technological and science sectors throughout the [[Pays de la Loire]]. With a [[business incubator]], it has 422 companies and 71 research and higher-education facilities and specialises in [[biopharmaceutical]]s, [[information technology]], [[renewable energy]], mechanics, food production and naval engineering.{{sfn|Presentation}} Creative industries in Nantes had over 9,000 architectural, design, fashion, media, visual-arts and digital-technology companies in 2016, a 15 percent job-creation rate between 2007 and 2012 and have a hub under construction on the [[Île de Nantes|Isle of Nantes]].{{sfn|Industries créatives et}}