Editing Morocco (section)

=== Population ===
Morocco has a population of around {{UN_Population|Morocco}} inhabitants ({{UN_Population|Year}} estimate).{{UN_Population|ref}} Morocco's population was 11.6 million in 1960.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hcp.ma/Population-du-Maroc-par-annee-civile-en-milliers-et-au-milieu-de-l-annee-par-milieu-de-residence-1960-2050_a677.html|title=Population du Maroc par année civile (en milliers et au milieu de l'année) par milieu de résidence : 1960 – 2050|first=Youssef|last=Maaroufi|access-date=7 January 2012|archive-date=27 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227092030/http://www.hcp.ma/Population-du-Maroc-par-annee-civile-en-milliers-et-au-milieu-de-l-annee-par-milieu-de-residence-1960-2050_a677.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2024, 49.7% of the population is female, while 50.3% of it is male.<ref name=":15" /> According to the 2014 Morocco population census, there were around 84,000 immigrants in the country. Of these foreign-born residents, most were of [[French people|French]] origin, followed by individuals mainly from various nations in West Africa and Algeria.<ref>{{cite book |last1=OECD |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTIxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |title=Talent Abroad: A Review of Moroccan Emigrants |date=2017 |publisher=OECD Publishing |isbn=978-9264264281 |page=167 |access-date=31 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010194758/https://books.google.com/books?id=yTIxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> There are also a number of foreign residents of [[Spanish people|Spanish]] origin. Some of them are descendants of colonial settlers, who primarily work for European multinational companies, while others are married to Moroccans or are retirees. Prior to independence, Morocco was home to half a million [[European Moroccans|Europeans]], most of whom were [[Christian]]s.<ref>De Azevedo, Raimondo Cagiano (1994) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=N8VHizsqaH0C&pg=PA25 Migration and development co-operation.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101114550/https://books.google.com/books?id=N8VHizsqaH0C&pg=PA25|date=1 November 2022}}''. Council of Europe. p. 25. {{ISBN|92-871-2611-9}}.</ref> Also, prior to independence, Morocco was home to 250,000 Spaniards.<ref>[http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?id=97 Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121133912/http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=97|date=21 January 2014}}, Migration Information Source</ref> Morocco's once prominent [[Jews|Jewish]] minority has decreased significantly since its peak of 265,000 in 1948, declining to around 3,500 in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Morocco |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/morocco/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222135123/https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/morocco/ |archive-date=22 February 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024 |publisher=[[United States Department of State]]}}</ref>

Morocco has a large [[Moroccan diaspora|diaspora]], most of which is located in France, which has reportedly over one million Moroccans of up to the third generation. There are also large Moroccan communities in Spain (about 700,000 Moroccans),<ref>{{Cite book |title=Avance del Padrón a 1 de enero de 2009. Datos provisionales |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] |year=2009 |location=Spain |chapter=Población extranjera por sexo, país de nacionalidad y edad (hasta 85 y más). |ref=CITEREFINE2009 |access-date=13 June 2009 |chapter-url=http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=00000010.PX&type=pcaxis&L=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710133750/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=00000010.px&type=pcaxis&L=0 |archive-date=10 July 2019}}</ref> the Netherlands (360,000), and Belgium (300,000).<ref>{{cite web |date=October 2005 |title=Morocco: From Emigration Country to Africa's Migration Passage to Europe |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=339 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210100911/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=339 |archive-date=10 February 2014 |access-date=1 August 2011 |publisher=Migrationinformation.org}}</ref> Other large communities can be found in Italy, Canada, the United States and Israel, where [[Moroccan Jews]] are thought to constitute the second biggest Jewish ethnic subgroup.<ref>{{cite web |date=2015 |title=Table 2.8 – Jews, by country of origin and age |url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2016/2.ShnatonPopulation/st02_08x.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013064516/https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2016/2.ShnatonPopulation/st02_08x.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2021 |access-date=22 April 2021 |publisher=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref> Morocco is also the country with the largest Berber population in the world,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Colon |first=Alexis |date=2018-10-01 |title=Who and What is Amazigh? Self-Assertion, Erasure, and Standardization |url=https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/3001/ |journal=Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Berber {{!}} Definition, People, Languages, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berber |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> with estimates typically ranging between 40–60% of the population.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ncube |first1=Lyton |last2=Mkwendi |first2=Chengeto Pauline |last3=Batisayi |first3=Amos |date=2024-08-17 |title=Victory for Africa or the Arab world? Moroccan nationalism, Arab exceptionalism, pan-African solidarity and digital fandom during the 2022 FIFA World Cup |journal=Soccer & Society |language=en |volume=25 |issue=4–6 |pages=673–692 |doi=10.1080/14660970.2024.2332092 |issn=1466-0970|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laaguid |first=Brahim Ait |date=2022-05-08 |title=Amazigh in Morocco through the Lens of the U.S. State Department's Reports between 1999 and 2020: A Critical Discourse Analysis |url=https://arbitrer.fib.unand.ac.id/index.php/arbitrer/article/view/317 |journal=Jurnal Arbitrer |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.25077/ar.9.1.1-16.2022 |doi-broken-date=4 February 2025 |issn=2550-1011|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==== Ethnic groups ====
[[File:Morocco ethno 1973 all.svg|thumb|Ethnolinguistic map of Morocco (1973)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco - University of Texas Libraries GeoData |url=https://geodata.lib.utexas.edu/catalog/princeton-fq977x643 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=geodata.lib.utexas.edu}}</ref>]]
In Morocco, [[ethnic identity]] is deeply intertwined with language and culture, with the population primarily comprising two major groups: [[Arabs]] and [[Berbers]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=El Haimeur |first=Amar |date=2017 |title=Ethnolinguistic Identity in Morocco |url=https://dc.uwm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context=fieldnotes |journal=Field Notes: A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Maroc: population |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Maroc_population/185524 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Larousse |language=fr}}</ref> However, the [[Haut Commissariat au Plan (Morocco)|Higher Planning Commission]], the country’s state statistics bureau, does not collect data on ethnic demographics, citing the historical difficulty of distinguishing between Arabs and Berbers, even among Berber speakers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ibriz |first=Lina |date=2024-08-30 |title=Budget, RSU, langue ... : à la veille du RGPH 2024, Lahlimi Alami fait un dernier point |url=https://ledesk.ma/2024/08/30/budget-rsu-langue-a-la-veille-du-rgph-2024-lahlimi-fait-un-dernier-point/ |work=Le Desk}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Language, Race, and Territory |date=2021 |work=The Invention of the Maghreb: Between Africa and the Middle East |pages=123–169 |editor-last=Hannoum |editor-first=Abdelmajid |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/invention-of-the-maghreb/language-race-and-territory/0BB5D39C95D5CB83F968316FE3417031 |access-date=2024-11-21 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108937337.004 |isbn=978-1-108-83816-0}}</ref>

[[Arabs]] form the largest and majority [[Ethnicity|ethnic group]],<ref name=":102">{{Cite book |last1=Teebi |first1=Ahmad S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6K_fj4Oicm8C&pg=PA30 |title=Genetic Disorders Among Arab Populations |last2=Farag |first2=Talaat I. |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-509305-6 |language=en |quote=Majority Arabs, 35% Berbers}}</ref><ref name=":132">{{Cite book |last1=Picard |first1=Louis A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ct4_CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA273 |title=Sustainable Development and Human Security in Africa: Governance as the Missing Link |last2=Buss |first2=Terry F. |last3=Seybolt |first3=Taylor B. |last4=Lelei |first4=Macrina C. |date=2015-04-22 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4822-5543-0 |language=en |quote=Although the majority of Moroccans are Arabs, the Berbers (or Amazigh) represent 30%. Berbers are spread out in rural areas: the Rif Mountains, Middle High, and Anti-Atlas, and southern Souss Valley, as well as Morocco's major cities.}}</ref> making up between 65%<ref name=":62">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fs0Fog7XneUC&pg=PA11 |title=The Report: Morocco 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-54-5 |language=en |quote=Morocco's population is approximately 67% Arab, 31% indigenous Berber and 2% Sahrawi |access-date=28 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307021801/https://books.google.com/books?id=fs0Fog7XneUC&pg=PA11 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last1=Son |first1=George Philip & |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UD0kOEb1XIC&pg=PA161 |title=Encyclopedic World Atlas |last2=Press |first2=Oxford University |date=2002-12-26 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-521920-3 |language=en |quote=Arab 70%, Berber 30%}}</ref> and 80%<ref name=":62" /><ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sun |first=Xiaoming |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvm4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA908 |title=World Health Systems |date=2019-12-12 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-50887-8 |language=en |quote=More than 80% of Moroccans are Arab, while the remaining 20% are Berber}}</ref> of the Moroccan population. It is estimated that the indigenous [[Berbers]] constitute between 30%<ref name=":62" /><ref name=":102" /><ref name=":132" /> and 35% of the population.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arnold |first=Guy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2S2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA155 |title=Guide to African Political and Economic Development |date=2014-01-27 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-97062-8 |language=en |quote=Arab 70%}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-01 |title=Who Are the Berber People? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/who-are-the-berber-people.html |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US |quote=The majority of the Berber people live in Morocco accounting for at least 35% of the population and in Algeria where they form at least 15% of the population.}}</ref> Berbers, who are also known as Amazigh, are typically divided into three main groups with varying dialects who live spread out in rural mountain areas, namely the [[Rifians]] in the [[Rif]], the [[Zayanes]] in the [[Middle Atlas]], and the [[Shilha people]] in the [[Anti-Atlas]].<ref name=":132"/> Since the 7th century, the [[Arab migrations to the Maghreb|influx of Arab migrants]] from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] has contributed to shaping Morocco’s demographic, cultural, and genetic landscape.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Arauna |first1=Lara R. |last2=Mendoza-Revilla |first2=Javier |last3=Mas-Sandoval |first3=Alex |last4=Izaabel |first4=Hassan |last5=Bekada |first5=Asmahan |last6=Benhamamouch |first6=Soraya |last7=Fadhlaoui-Zid |first7=Karima |last8=Zalloua |first8=Pierre |last9=Hellenthal |first9=Garrett |last10=Comas |first10=David |date=February 2017 |title=Recent Historical Migrations Have Shaped the Gene Pool of Arabs and Berbers in North Africa |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=318–329 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msw218 |issn=0737-4038 |pmc=5644363 |pmid=27744413}}</ref> Additionally, a considerable portion of the population includes [[Haratin]], [[Sahrawis]], and [[Gnawa]], descendants of West African or mixed-race [[Trans-Saharan slave trade|enslaved peoples]], as well as [[Morisco]]s, European Muslims expelled from Spain and Portugal in the 17th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/254867/Haratin |title=Haratin (social class) |publisher=Britannica Online Encyclopedia |access-date=23 June 2022 |archive-date=13 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813024920/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/254867/Haratin |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Saharawis in Western Sahara |url=https://minorityrights.org/communities/saharawis/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Minority Rights Group |language=en-US}}</ref>

According to ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', 44% of Moroccans are Arab, 24% are [[Arabized Berber]]s, 21% are Berbers and 10% are Mauritanian Moors.<ref name="Climate of Morocco2">{{cite web |date=23 August 2024 |title=Climate of Morocco |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco/Climate#ref214372 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, [[Minority Rights Group International]] estimates that around 90,000 [[Sahrawis]] reside in internationally recognized Morocco, compared to approximately 190,000 in the disputed Western Sahara.<ref name=":10" />