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=== Transportation === ==== International crossings ==== [[File:Lake_freighter_approaches_a_bridge_(32304530671).jpg|thumb|The [[Bluewater Bridge|Blue Water Bridge]], a twin-span bridge across the [[St. Clair River]] that links [[Port Huron]] and [[Sarnia, Ontario]]]] Michigan has nine international road crossings with Ontario, Canada: * [[Ambassador Bridge]], North America's busiest international border, crossing the Detroit River * [[Blue Water Bridge]], a twin-span bridge ([[Port Huron, Michigan]], and [[Point Edward, Ontario]], but the larger city of [[Sarnia]] is usually referred to on the Canadian side) * Blue Water Ferry ([[Marine City, Michigan]], and Sombra, Ontario) * [[Michigan Central Railway Tunnel|Canadian Pacific Railway tunnel]] * [[Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry]] (Detroit and [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]]) * [[Detroit–Windsor Tunnel]] * [[Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge|International Bridge]] (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario]]) * [[St. Clair Tunnel|St. Clair River Railway Tunnel]] (Port Huron and Sarnia) * [[Walpole Island]] Ferry ([[Algonac, Michigan]], and [[Walpole Island]] First Nation, Ontario) The [[Gordie Howe International Bridge]], a second international bridge between Detroit and Windsor, is under construction. It is expected to be completed in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last = Battagello |first = Dave |date = February 28, 2020 |title = Gordie Howe bridge construction continues to ramp up, properties fully secured |url = https://windsorstar.com/news/local-news/howe-bridge-annual-general-meeting |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200403010239/https://windsorstar.com/news/local-news/howe-bridge-annual-general-meeting/ |archive-date = April 3, 2020 |access-date = June 16, 2020 |work = Windsor Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.partnershipborderstudy.com |title = Detroit River International Crossing Study Website |access-date = December 2, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100504083556/http://www.partnershipborderstudy.com/ |archive-date = May 4, 2010 |url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date = September 28, 2018 |title = $3.8B to build Gordie Howe bridge, complete by end of 2024 |url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/gordie-howe-bridge-construction-1.4842489 |access-date = June 16, 2020 |work = CBC |archive-date = October 10, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211010101354/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/gordie-howe-bridge-construction-1.4842489 |url-status = live }}</ref> ====Railroads==== {{See also|List of Michigan railroads|History of railroads in Michigan}} Michigan is served by four [[Class I railroad]]s: the [[Canadian National Railway]], the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]], [[CSX Transportation]], and the [[Norfolk Southern Railway]]. These are augmented by several dozen [[short line railroad]]s. The vast majority of rail service in Michigan is devoted to [[freight rail|freight]], with Amtrak and various scenic railroads the exceptions.<ref>{{cite map |url = http://michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_Official_Rail_130897_7.pdf |title = Railroads Operating in Michigan |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |access-date = February 15, 2008 |format = PDF |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216012417/http://michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_Official_Rail_130897_7.pdf |archive-date = February 16, 2008 |url-status = live}}</ref> {{Main|Michigan Services}} Three [[Amtrak]] passenger rail routes serve the state. The [[Pere Marquette (Amtrak train)|Pere Marquette]] from Chicago to Grand Rapids, the [[Blue Water (train)|Blue Water]] from Chicago to Port Huron, and the [[Wolverine (Amtrak train)|Wolverine]] from Chicago to Pontiac. There are plans for [[commuter rail]] for Detroit and its suburbs (see [[SEMCOG Commuter Rail]]).<ref>{{cite news |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070210234916/http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20070122%2FNEWS06%2F701220388%2F1001%2FBUSINESS05 |url = http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070122/NEWS06/701220388/1001/BUSINESS05 |title = Commuter rail plan to Detroit gets a push: Amtrak from Ann Arbor |date = January 22, 2007 |first = Kathleen |last = Gray |work = [[Detroit Free Press]] |archive-date = February 10, 2007 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.marp.org/detroitcommuter.htm |title = Commuter rail service facts |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080225102008/http://www.marp.org/detroitcommuter.htm |archive-date = February 25, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2009/03/commuter_rail_line_will_have_s.html |title = Commuter rail line will have stop in Ypsilanti |first = John |last = Mulcahy |work = The Ann Arbor News |date = March 10, 2009 |access-date = March 17, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090313043427/http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2009/03/commuter_rail_line_will_have_s.html |archive-date = March 13, 2009 |url-status = live}}</ref> ====Roadways==== {{See also|Michigan State Trunkline Highway System|List of County-Designated Highways in Michigan|l2=County-Designated Highways in Michigan}} [[File:US2 Along Lake Michigan.jpg|thumb|[[U.S. Route 2 in Michigan|U.S. Highway 2]] (US 2) runs along [[Lake Michigan]] from [[Naubinway Island|Naubinway]] to its eastern terminus at [[St. Ignace, Michigan|St. Ignace]].]] [[File:Mackinac Bridge from the air3.jpg|thumb|The [[Mackinac Bridge]], a suspension bridge spanning the [[Straits of Mackinac]] to connect the [[Upper Michigan|Upper]] and [[Lower Michigan|Lower]] peninsulas of Michigan]] * [[Interstate 75 in Michigan|Interstate 75]] (I-75) is the main thoroughfare between Detroit, Flint, and [[Saginaw, Michigan|Saginaw]] extending north to [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario|Sault Ste. Marie]] and providing access to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The freeway crosses the [[Mackinac Bridge]] between the Lower and Upper Peninsulas. Auxiliary highways include [[Interstate 275 (Michigan)|I-275]] and [[Interstate 375 (Michigan)|I-375]] in Detroit; [[Interstate 475 (Michigan)|I-475]] in Flint; and [[Interstate 675 (Michigan)|I-675]] in Saginaw. * [[Interstate 69 in Michigan|I-69]] enters the state near the Michigan–Ohio–Indiana border, and it extends to [[Port Huron, Michigan|Port Huron]] and provides access to the [[Blue Water Bridge]] crossing into [[Sarnia]], Ontario. * [[Interstate 94 in Michigan|I-94]] enters the western end of the state at the Indiana border, and it travels east to Detroit and then northeast to Port Huron and ties in with I-69. [[Interstate 194 (Michigan)|I-194]] branches off from this freeway in Battle Creek. I-94 is the main artery between Chicago and Detroit. * [[Interstate 96|I-96]] runs east–west between Detroit and [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]]. [[Interstate 496|I-496]] loops through Lansing. [[Interstate 196|I-196]] branches off from this freeway at Grand Rapids and connects to I-94 near Benton Harbor. [[Interstate 696|I-696]] branches off from this freeway at [[Novi, Michigan|Novi]] and connects to I-94 near [[St. Clair Shores, Michigan|St. Clair Shores]]. * [[U.S. Route 2 in Michigan|U.S. Highway 2]] (US 2) enters Michigan at the city of [[Ironwood, Michigan|Ironwood]] and travels east to the town of [[Crystal Falls, Michigan|Crystal Falls]], where it turns south and briefly re-enters Wisconsin northwest of [[Florence (CDP), Wisconsin|Florence]]. It re-enters Michigan north of [[Iron Mountain, Michigan|Iron Mountain]] and continues through the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the cities of [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]], [[Manistique, Michigan|Manistique]], and [[St. Ignace, Michigan|St. Ignace]]. Along the way, it cuts through the [[Ottawa National Forest|Ottawa]] and [[Hiawatha National Forest|Hiawatha]] national forests and follows the northern shore of Lake Michigan. Its eastern terminus lies at exit 344 on I-75, just north of the Mackinac Bridge. * [[U.S. Route 23 in Michigan|US 23]] enters Michigan at the Ohio state line in the suburban spillover of [[Toledo, Ohio]], as a freeway and leads northward to Ann Arbor before merging with I-75 just south of Flint. Concurrent with I-75 through Flint, Saginaw, and Bay City, it splits from I-75 at [[Standish, Michigan|Standish]] as an intermittently four-lane/two-lane surface road closely following the western shore of Lake Huron generally northward through Alpena before turning west to northwest toward Mackinaw City and I-75 again, where it terminates. * [[U.S. Route 31 in Michigan|US 31]] enters Michigan as Interstate-quality freeway at the Indiana state line just northwest of South Bend, Indiana, heads north to I-196 near Benton Harbor, and follows the eastern shore of Lake Michigan to Mackinaw City, where it has its northern terminus. * [[U.S. Route 127 in Michigan|US 127]] enters Michigan from Ohio south of [[Hudson, Michigan|Hudson]] as a two-lane, undivided highway and closely follows the [[Michigan meridian]], the principal north–south line used to survey Michigan in the early 19th century. It passes north through [[Jackson, Michigan|Jackson]] and Lansing before terminating south of [[Grayling, Michigan|Grayling]] at I-75, and is a four-lane freeway for the majority of its course. * [[U.S. Route 131|US 131]] has its southern terminus at the Indiana Toll Road roughly one mile south of the Indiana state line as a two-lane surface road. It passes through Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids as a freeway of Interstate standard and continues as such to [[Manton, Michigan|Manton]], where it reverts to two-lane surface road to its northern terminus at US 31 in Petoskey. ====Intercity bus services==== *[[Amtrak Thruway]] *[[Barons Bus Lines]] *[[Flixbus]] *[[Greyhound Lines]] *[[Indian Trails]] *[[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] ====Airports==== {{See also|List of airports in Michigan}} [[File:DTW McNamara Terminal from the air.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit Metro Airport]] (DTW)]] [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport]] in the western suburb of [[Romulus, Michigan|Romulus]], was in 2010 the 16th busiest airfield in North America measured by passenger traffic.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.aci-na.org/sites/default/files/_rankings-2010nam_.xls |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120316105016/http://www.aci-na.org/sites/default/files/_rankings-2010nam_.xls |url-status = dead |title = Airports Council International 2010 Final Airport Traffic Report |archive-date = March 16, 2012}}</ref> The [[Gerald R. Ford International Airport]] in Grand Rapids is the next busiest airport in the state, served by eight airlines to 23 destinations. Flint [[Bishop International Airport]] is the third largest airport in the state, served by four airlines to several primary hubs. Other frequently trafficked airports include [[Cherry Capital Airport]], in Traverse City; [[Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport]], serving the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek region; [[Capital Region International Airport]], located outside of Lansing; and [[MBS International Airport]] serving the [[Midland, Michigan|Midland]], [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]] and Saginaw tri-city region. Additionally, smaller regional and local airports are located throughout the state including on several islands.
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