Editing Magna Graecia (section)

===Syracuse===
{{main|Syracuse, Sicily}}
[[File:SIRACUSA VISTA DALLAEREO CON LETNA SULLO SFONDO.FOTO Di Angelo.jpg|thumb|[[Ortygia]] island, where [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] was founded in [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] times]]

[[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] was founded in 733&nbsp;BC by Greek settlers from [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]] and [[Tenea]], led by the ''[[oecist]]'' (colonizer) [[Archias of Corinth|Archias]]. There are many attested variants of the name of the city including {{lang|grc|Συράκουσαι}} ''Syrakousai'', {{lang|grc|Συράκοσαι}} ''Syrakosai'' and {{lang|grc|Συρακώ}} ''Syrakō''. In the modern day, the city is listed by [[UNESCO]] as a [[World Heritage Site]] along with the [[Necropolis of Pantalica]].

The buildings of Syracuse from the Greek period are:
* The city walls
* The [[Temple of Apollo (Syracuse)|Temple of Apollo]], at Piazza Emanuele Pancali, adapted to a church in Byzantine times and to a mosque under Arab rule.
* The [[Fountain of Arethusa]], on Ortygia island. According to a legend, the [[nymph]] [[Arethusa (mythology)|Arethusa]], hunted by [[Alpheus (mythology)|Alpheus]], was turned into a spring by [[Artemis]] and appeared here.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cord|first=David|title=The Spring of Arethusa |date=2023|pages=7–9}}</ref>
* The [[Greek Theatre of Syracuse]], whose [[cavea]] is one of the largest ever built by the ancient Greeks: it has 67 rows, divided into nine sections with eight aisles. Only traces of the scene and the orchestra remain. The edifice (still used today) was modified by the Romans, who adapted it to their different style of spectacles, including circus games. Near the theatre are the ''latomìe'', stone quarries, also used as prisons in ancient times. The most famous ''latomìa'' is the ''[[Ear of Dionysius|Orecchio di Dionisio]]'' ("Ear of Dionysius").
* The Tomb of Archimede, in the Grotticelli Necropolis. Decorated with two Doric columns.
* The Temple of Olympian [[Zeus]], about {{convert|3|km|0|abbr=off}} outside the city, built around the 6th century BC.