Editing Liturgical year (section)

===Liturgical calendar===

====Advent====
[[File:Rok liturgiczny - Liturgical year.jpg|thumb|Roman Rite liturgical year]]
{{Main|Advent}}
[[Advent]] (from the [[Latin]] word ''[[wiktionary:Adventus|adventus]]'', which means "arrival" or "coming") is the first season of the liturgical year. It begins four Sundays before Christmas, the Sunday falling on or nearest to November 30, and ends on Christmas Eve. Traditionally observed as a "fast", it focuses on preparation for the coming of [[Christ]], not only the coming of the Christ-child at Christmas, but also, in the first weeks, on the [[eschatology|eschatological]] final coming of Christ, making Advent "a period for devout and joyful expectation".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/CDWLITYR.HTM|title=General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, 39}}</ref>

This season is often marked by the [[Advent Wreath]], a garland of evergreens with four candles. Although the main symbolism of the advent wreath is simply marking the progression of time, many churches attach themes to each candle, most often 'hope', 'faith', 'joy', and 'love'. Other popular devotions during Advent include the use of the [[Advent Calendar]] or the [[Tree of Jesse]] to count down the days to Christmas.

''Liturgical colour'': violet or purple;<ref>[[General Instruction of the Roman Missal]], 346</ref> blue in some traditions, such as Anglican/Episcopalian, Methodist, and Lutheran.<ref name="UMCblue">{{Cite web|url=https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/the-color-blue-in-advent|title=The Color Blue in Advent - umcdiscipleship.org|last=Discipleship Ministries|website=www.umcdiscipleship.org}}</ref><ref name=TECblue>{{Cite web|url=https://www.episcopalchurch.org/library/glossary/liturgical-colors|title=Liturgical Colors|date=May 22, 2012|website=Episcopal Church}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://download.elca.org/ELCA%20Resource%20Repository/What_is_the_meaning_and_use_of_liturgical_colors.pdf|title="What is the meaning and use of liturgical colors?", Evangelical Lutheran Church in America}}</ref>

====Christmastide====
[[File:Advent Wreath on Christmas Eve (Broadway United Methodist Church).jpg|thumb|A white coloured [[parament]] hangs from the [[pulpit]], indicating that the current liturgical season is [[Christmastide]]. The fact that the Christ Candle in the centre of the [[Advent wreath]] is lit also indicates that [[Christmas]] has arrived.]]
{{Main|Christmastide}}
The [[Christmas season]] immediately follows Advent. The traditional [[Twelve Days of Christmas]] begin with [[Christmas Eve]] on the evening of [[December 24]] and continue until the feast of [[Epiphany (holiday)|Epiphany]]. The actual Christmas season continues until the [[Feast of the Baptism of Christ]], which is celebrated on the Sunday after January 6, or the following Monday if that Sunday is kept as Epiphany.<ref name="maternalheart.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.maternalheart.org/library/1962rubrics.pdf|title=Code of Rubrics included in the 1962 Roman Missal, 72}}</ref>

In the pre-1970 form, this feast is celebrated on January 13, unless January 13 is a Sunday, in which case the feast of the [[Holy Family]] is celebrated instead.<ref name="maternalheart.org"/> Until the suppression of the Octave of the Epiphany in the 1960 reforms, January 13 was the Octave day of the Epiphany, providing the date for the end of the season.

Traditionally, the end of Christmastide was February 2, or the [[Presentation of Jesus at the Temple|Feast of the Presentation]] of the Lord, also known as [[Candlemas]]. This feast recounts the 40 days of rest Mary took before being purified and presenting her first-born son to the Temple in Jerusalem. In medieval times, Candlemas eve (Feb. 1st) marked the day when all Christmas decorations, including the [[Christmas tree]] and the [[Nativity scene]], were taken down. However, the tradition of ending Christmastide on Candlemas has slowly waned, except in some pockets of the Hispanic world where Candlemas (or La Fiesta de la Candelaria) is still an important feast and the unofficial end of the Christmas season.

''Liturgical colour'': white

==== Ordinary Time ====
{{Main|Ordinary Time}}
"Ordinary" comes from the same root as our word "ordinal", and in this sense means "the counted weeks". In the Catholic Church and in some Protestant traditions, these are the common weeks which do not belong to a proper season. In Latin, these seasons are called the weeks {{lang|la|per annum}}, or "through the year".

In the current form of the Roman Rite adopted following the Second Vatican Council, Ordinary Time consists of 33 or 34 Sundays and is divided into two sections. The first portion extends from the day following the Feast of the Baptism of Christ until the day before Ash Wednesday (the beginning of Lent). It contains anywhere from three to eight Sundays, depending on how early or late Easter falls.

The main focus in the readings of the Mass is Christ's earthly ministry, rather than any one particular event. The counting of the Sundays resumes following Eastertide; however, two Sundays are replaced by Pentecost and Trinity Sunday, and depending on whether the year has 52 or 53 weeks, one may be omitted.

In the pre-1970 form of the Roman Rite, the Time after Epiphany has anywhere from one to six Sundays. As in the current form of the rite, the season mainly concerns Christ's preaching and ministry, with many of his parables read as the Gospel readings. The season begins on January 14<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maternalheart.org/library/1962rubrics.pdf|title=1960 Code of Rubrics incorporated in the 1962 Roman Missal, 77}}</ref> and ends on the Saturday before Septuagesima Sunday. Omitted Sundays after Epiphany are transferred to Time after Pentecost and celebrated between the Twenty-Third and the Last Sunday after Pentecost according to an order indicated in the [[Code of Rubrics]], 18, with complete omission of any for which there is no Sunday available in the current year.<ref>"The Sunday which is set down as XXIV after Pentecost is always put in the last place, omitting, if need be, any others for which there happens to be no place" ([http://www.maternalheart.org/library/1962rubrics.pdf 1960 Code of Rubrics], 18).</ref> Before the 1960 revisions, the omitted Sunday would be celebrated on the Saturday before Septuagesima Sunday,<ref>"If this II Sunday, or another after Epiphany, be impeded by Septuagesima supervening, and there be no place for it after Pentecost, according to the Rubrics, it is anticipated on Saturday with all privileges proper to an occurring Sunday." (Missale Romanum, 1939, Dominica II post Epiphaniam)</ref> or, in the case of the Twenty-Third Sunday after Pentecost, on the Saturday before the Last Sunday after Pentecost.<ref>"If this Sunday be impeded by the last Sunday after Pentecost supervening, it is anticipated on Saturday with all privileges proper to an occurring Sunday, and in it is said Glória in excélsis, Credo, Preface of the Trinity and Ite, Missa est." (Missale Romanum, 1939, Dominica XXIII post Pentecosten)</ref>

''Liturgical colour'': green

====Pre-Lent====
{{Main|Pre-Lent}}
[[Gregory the Great]] is the first to document a period of preparation for Easter beginning with [[Septuagesima]], whose name refers to a period of around seventy days before Easter.<ref name="Crampton">{{Cite journal |last=Crampton |first=L. J. |date=1968-04-01 |title=St Gregory's Homily XIX and the institution of Septuagesima Sunday |journal=The Downside Review |language=en |volume=86 |issue=283 |pages=162–166 |doi=10.1177/001258066808628306 |s2cid=164617825 |issn=0012-5806}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Callewaert |first=Camille |date=1 April 1937 |title=L'œuvre liturgique de S. Grégoire. La septuagésime et l'alleluia |journal=Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique |language=fr |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=306–326 |issn=0035-2381 |id={{ProQuest|1302425959}}}}</ref> This pre-Lenten period lasts two and a half weeks, encompassing [[Sexagesima]] and [[Quinquagesima]]. It concludes with [[Carnival]] and [[Shrove Tuesday]].

This period opens an educational period leading up to the reception of [[catechumens]] at Easter.<ref name="Chavesse">{{Cite journal |last=Chavesse |first=Antoine |date=1950 |title=Temps de préparation à la Pâque d'après quelques livres liturgiques romains |url=https://www.revue-rsr.com/note-de-lecture/temps-de-preparation-a-la-paque-dapres-quelques-livres-liturgiques-romains/ |journal=Recherches de Science Religieuse |language=fr |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=125–145 |issn=0034-1258 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Events such as [[mystery plays]] from the [[Old Testament]] performed during this period historically supported this instructional campaign,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Craig |first=Hardin |date=1913-04-01 |title=The origin of the Old Testament plays |journal=Modern Philology |language=en |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=473–487 |doi=10.1086/386899 |jstor=386899 |s2cid=161763679 |issn=0026-8232}}</ref> reflecting the traditional [[lectionary]] for the [[Canonical hours]], which begins on [[Septuagesima]] with the [[Book of Genesis]], as is still reflected in the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Willis |first=Geoffrey G. |date=1958-04-01 |title=The historical background of the English lectionary of 1955 |journal=The Journal of Ecclesiastical History |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=73–86 |doi=10.1017/S0022046900063880 |s2cid=162572706 |issn=0022-0469}}</ref>

The pre-Lenten liturgy introduces some customs of Lent, including the suppression of the [[Alleluia]] and its replacement at Mass with the [[Tract (liturgy)|Tract]]. The Gloria is no longer said on Sundays.<ref name="Mahrt">{{Cite journal |last=Mahrt |first=William |date=2017 |title=Gregorian chant in the season of Lent |journal=Antiphon: A Journal for Liturgical Renewal |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=93–114 |doi=10.1353/atp.2017.0012 |s2cid=194585704 |issn=1543-9933}}</ref>

The 1969 reform of the Roman Rite subsumed these weeks liturgically into Ordinary Time,<ref name="Pristas">{{Cite journal |last=Pristas |first=Lauren |date=2010-07-01 |title=Parachuted into Lent: The suppression of Septuagesima |journal=Usus Antiquior |language=en |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=95–109 |doi=10.1179/175789410X12729674260985 |issn=1757-8949}}</ref> but Carnival is still widely celebrated. A pre-Lenten provision continues in many Anglican and Lutheran liturgies.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Common worship: services and prayers for the Church of England |date=2000 |publisher=Church House |isbn=978-0-7151-2000-2 |editor-last=Church of England |location=London |language=en}}</ref>

''Liturgical colour'' (where observed): violet or purple

====Lent and Passiontide====
{{Main|Lent|Passiontide|Holy Week}}
Lent is a major penitential season of preparation for [[Easter]]. It begins on [[Ash Wednesday]] and, if the penitential days of [[Good Friday]] and [[Holy Saturday]] are included, lasts for forty days, since the six Sundays within the season are not counted.

In the Roman Rite, the [[Gloria in Excelsis Deo]] and the [[Te Deum]] are not used in the Mass and Liturgy of the Hours respectively, except on Solemnities and Feasts, and the [[Alleluia]] and verse that usually precede the reading of the Gospel is either omitted or replaced with another acclamation.

Lutheran churches make these same omissions.

As in Advent, the deacon and subdeacon of the pre-1970 form of the Roman Rite do not wear their habitual dalmatic and tunicle (signs of joy) in Masses of the season during Lent; instead they wear "folded chasubles", in accordance with the ancient custom.

In the pre-1970 form of the Roman Rite, the two weeks before Easter form the season of Passiontide, a subsection of the Lenten season that begins with [[Matins]] of [[Ash Wednesday]] and ends immediately before the Mass of the [[Easter Vigil]].<ref>[http://www.ceremoniaire.net/print/pastorale1950/Rubriques-1960.pdf Code of Rubrics], 74</ref> In this form, what used to be officially called [[Passion Sunday]],<ref>[http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/missale-romanum-pdf.html Missale Romanum, 1920 typical edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301085135/https://sanctamissa.org/en/resources/missale-romanum-pdf.html |date=March 1, 2020 }}, p. 156</ref> has the official name of the First Sunday in Passiontide,<ref>[http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf Missale Romanum 1962] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215054059/https://sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf |date=February 15, 2020 }}, p. 118</ref> and [[Palm Sunday]] has the additional name of the Second Sunday in Passiontide.<ref>[http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf Missale Romanum 1962] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215054059/https://sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf |date=February 15, 2020 }}, p. 130</ref> In Sunday and ferial Masses (but not on feasts celebrated in the first of these two weeks) the [[Gloria Patri]] is omitted at the [[Introit|Entrance Antiphon]]<ref>[http://www.maternalheart.org/library/1962rubrics.pdf Code of Rubrics], 428</ref> and at the Lavabo,<ref>Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae, VII, 6, in [http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf Missale Romanum 1962] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215054059/https://sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf |date=February 15, 2020 }}, p. LIX; cf. [http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/resources/books-1962/missale-romanum-1962.pdf Missale Romanum 1962]  , p. 118</ref> as well as in the responds in the Divine Office.

In the post-1969 form of the Roman Rite, "Passion Sunday" and "Palm Sunday" are both names for the Sunday before Easter, officially called "Palm Sunday of the Lord's Passion". The former Passion Sunday became a fifth Sunday of Lent. The earlier form reads Matthew's account on Sunday, Mark's on Tuesday, and Luke's on Wednesday, while the post-1969 form reads the Passion only on Palm Sunday (with the three Synoptic Gospels arranged in a three-year cycle) and on [[Good Friday]], when it reads the Passion according to John, as also do earlier forms of the Roman Rite.

The veiling of crucifixes and images of the saints with violet cloth, which was obligatory before 1970, is left to the decision of the national bishops' conferences. In the United States, it is permitted but not required, at the discretion of the pastor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usccb.org/about/divine-worship/index.cfm|title=Divine Worship|website=www.usccb.org}}</ref> In all forms, the readings concern the events leading up to the [[Last Supper]] and the betrayal, Passion, and death of Christ.

The week before Easter is called [[Holy Week]].

In the Roman Rite, feasts that fall within that week are simply omitted, unless they have the rank of Solemnity, in which case they are transferred to another date. The only solemnities inscribed in the General Calendar that can fall within that week are those of [[Saint Joseph]] and the [[Annunciation]].

''Liturgical colour'': violet or purple. The colour rose may be used, where it is the practice, on [[Laetare Sunday]] (4th Sunday of Lent). On Palm Sunday the colour since 1970 is red, by earlier rules violet or purple, with red being used after 1955 for the blessing of the palms.

====Easter Triduum====
{{Main|Paschal Triduum}}
The Easter Triduum consists of Good Friday, Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/documentText/Index/2/SubIndex/38/ContentIndex/101/Start/97|title=Chapter II-b. The Yearly Cycle|website=www.catholicliturgy.com|access-date=April 18, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411120450/http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/documentText/Index/2/SubIndex/38/ContentIndex/101/Start/97|archive-date=April 11, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Each of these days begins liturgically not with the morning but with the preceding evening.

The triduum begins on the evening before Good Friday with [[Mass of the Lord's Supper]], celebrated with white vestments,<ref>[http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/FuseAction/documentText/Index/2/SubIndex/38/ContentIndex/324/Start/319 Holy Thursday Evening Mass of the Lord's Supper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404061001/http://www.catholicliturgy.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/documenttext/index/2/subindex/38/contentindex/324/start/319 |date=April 4, 2014 }}, 44</ref> and often includes a ritual of ceremonial footwashing. It is customary on this night for a vigil involving private prayer to take place, beginning after the evening service and continuing until midnight. This vigil is occasionally renewed at dawn, continuing until the Good Friday liturgy.

During the day of [[Good Friday]] Mass is not celebrated in the Catholic Church. Instead a Celebration of the Passion of the Lord is held in the afternoon or evening. It consists of three parts: a [[Liturgy of the Word]] that includes the reading of the account of the [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion]] by [[John the Evangelist]] and concludes with a solemn [[General Intercessions|Universal Prayer]]. Other churches also have their Good Friday commemoration of the Passion.

The colour of vestments varies: no colour, red, or black are used in different traditions. Coloured hangings may be removed. Lutheran churches often either remove colourful adornments and icons, or veil them with drab cloth. The service is usually plain with somber music, ending with the congregation leaving in silence. In the Catholic, some Lutheran, and High Anglican rites, a crucifix (not necessarily the one which stands on or near the altar on other days of the year) is ceremoniously unveiled. Other crucifixes are unveiled, without ceremony, after the service.

[[Holy Saturday]] commemorates the day during which Christ lay in the tomb. In the Catholic Church, there is no Mass on this day; the Easter Vigil Mass, which, though celebrated properly at the following midnight, is often celebrated in the evening, is an Easter Mass. With no liturgical celebration, there is no question of a liturgical colour.

The [[Easter Vigil]] is held in the night between Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday, to celebrate the [[resurrection]] of Jesus. See also [[Paschal candle]]. The liturgical colour is white, often together with gold. In the Roman Rite, during the "Gloria in Excelsis Deo" the organ and bells are used in the liturgy for the first time in two days, and the statues, which have been veiled during Passiontide (at least in the Roman Rite through the 1962 version), are unveiled. In Lutheran churches, colours and icons are re-displayed as well.

====Eastertide====
{{Main|Eastertide}}
[[Easter]] is the celebration of [[Death and resurrection of Jesus|Jesus' Resurrection]]. The date of Easter varies from year to year, according to a lunar-calendar dating system (see [[computus]] for details). In the Roman Rite, the Easter season extends from the [[Easter Vigil]] through [[Pentecost]] Sunday. In the pre-1970 form of the rite, this season includes also the [[Octave (liturgical)|Octave]] of Pentecost, so Eastertide lasts until [[None (liturgy)|None]] of the following Saturday.

In the Roman Rite, the [[Easter octave]] allows no other feasts to be celebrated or commemorated during it; a solemnity, such as the Annunciation, falling within it is transferred to the following Monday. If Easter Sunday or Easter Monday falls on April 25, the Greater Litanies, which in the pre-1970 form of the Roman Rite are on that day, are transferred to the following Tuesday.<ref>[http://www.maternalheart.org/library/1962rubrics.pdf 1960 Code of Rubrics], 80</ref>

By a decree of May 5, 2000, the Second Sunday of Easter (the Sunday after Easter Day itself), is known also in the Roman Rite as the [[Feast of the Divine Mercy]].<ref>[http://www.osv.com/tabid/7631/itemid/5968/Feast-of-the-Divine-Mercy.aspx Our Sunday Visitor: Feast of the Divine Mercy]{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[Ascension of Jesus Christ|Ascension]] Thursday, which celebrates the return of Jesus to heaven following his resurrection, is the fortieth day of Easter, but, in places where it is not observed as a [[Holy Day of Obligation]], the post-1969 form of the Roman rite transfers it to the following Sunday.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scborromeo.org/litcal.htm|title=Saint Charles Borromeo Catholic Church of Picayune, MS - General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar|website=www.scborromeo.org|access-date=August 7, 2008|archive-date=September 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925094626/http://www.scborromeo.org/litcal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Pentecost]] is the fiftieth and last day of the Easter season. It celebrates the sending of the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]] to the [[Apostles in the New Testament|Apostles]], which traditionally marks the birth of the Church, see also [[Apostolic Age]].

''Liturgical colour'': white, but red on the feast of Pentecost.

====Ordinary Time, Time after Pentecost, Time after Trinity, or Kingdomtide====
{{Main|Ordinary Time|Kingdomtide|Pentecost season}}
This season, under various names, follows the Easter season and the feasts of Easter, Ascension, and Pentecost. In the post-1969 form of the Roman rite, Ordinary Time resumes on [[Pentecost Monday]], omitting the Sunday which would have fallen on Pentecost. In the earlier form, where Pentecost is celebrated with an octave, the Time after Pentecost begins at Vespers on the Saturday after Pentecost. The Sundays resume their numbering at the point that will make the Sunday before Advent the thirty-fourth, omitting any weeks for which there is no room (present-day form of the Roman Rite) or are numbered as "Sundays after Pentecost" (pre-1970 Roman Rite, [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] and some Protestants) or as "Sundays after Trinity" (some Protestants). This season ends on the Saturday before the First Sunday of Advent.

Feasts during this season include:
* [[Trinity Sunday]], the first Sunday after Pentecost
* [[Corpus Christi (feast)|Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ]] (Roman Rite and some Anglican and Lutheran traditions), Thursday of the second week after Pentecost, often celebrated on the following Sunday
* [[Sacred Heart|Solemnity of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus]] (Roman Rite), Friday of the third week after Pentecost
* [[Assumption of Mary]] on August 15
* [[Feast of Christ the King]], last Sunday before Advent (Roman Rite, Lutherans, Anglicans) or last Sunday in October (1925–1969 form of the Roman Rite)

In the final few weeks of Ordinary Time, many churches direct attention to the coming of the Kingdom of God, thus ending the liturgical year with an [[eschatology|eschatological]] theme that is one of the predominant themes of the season of Advent that began the liturgical year. For instance, in the [[Tridentine Mass|extraordinary form of the Roman Rite]], the Gospel of the Last Sunday is {{bibleverse||Matthew|24:15–35}} and in the ordinary form of the Roman Rite all the last three Sundays of the liturgical year are affected by the theme of the [[Second Coming]].

While the Roman Rite adopts no special designation for this final part of Ordinary Time, some denominations do, and may also change the liturgical colour. The [[Church of England]] uses the term "Sundays before Advent" for the final four Sundays and permits red vestments as an alternative. The [[United Methodist Church]] may use the name "[[Kingdomtide]]".<ref name="BoW">{{cite book |title=The United Methodist Book of Worship |date=2016 |location=Nashville, Tenn. |isbn=978-1426735004 |chapter=Season After Pentecost (Ordinary Time)|author1=Various }}</ref> The [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]] (LCMS) uses the terms "Third-Last, Second-Last and Last Sunday in the Church Year" and does not change from green. The LCMS does not officially celebrate a "Feast of Christ the King". The [[Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod]] (WELS) uses the term "Period of End Times" and assigns red vestments to the first and second Sundays.

====Calendar of saints====
{{Main|Calendar of saints}}
* In some Protestant traditions, especially those with closer ties to the Lutheran tradition, [[Reformation Day|Reformation Sunday]] is celebrated on the Sunday preceding October 31, commemorating the purported day [[Martin Luther]] posted the [[95 Theses]] on the door of the Castle Church in [[Wittenberg]]. The liturgical colour is red, celebrating the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]]'s continuing work in renewing the Church.
* Most Western traditions celebrate [[All Saints' Day]] (All Hallow's Day) on November 1 or the Sunday following, with the eve of this feast, [[All Hallow's Eve]] being October 31. The liturgical colour is white. The following day, November 2, is [[All Souls' Day]]. The period including these days is often referred to as [[Allhallowtide]] or Allsaintstide.<ref>{{cite web|title=All Saints' Tide|url=http://www.oremus.org/liturgy/pohg/s2a.html|website=Services and Prayers for the Season from All Saints to Candlemas|publisher=[[General Synod of the Church of England]]|quote=For many twentieth-century Christians the All Saints-tide period is extended to include Remembrance Sunday. In the Calendar and Lectionary we have sought to make it easier to observe this without cutting across a developing lectionary pattern, and we have reprinted the form of service approved ecumenically for use on that day.}}</ref>
* [[Saint]]s Days are observed by [[Lutherans]] and include the apostles, Virgin Mary and noteworthy figures in the Christian faith. The Confession of St. Peter [[Week of Prayer for Christian Unity]] starting on January 18. Conversion of St. Paul ended week of prayer on January 25. [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], renewer of society, martyr January 15 ([[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] only), Presentation of Our Lord and Purification of the Mary [[Candlemas]] on February 2. Joseph, Guardian of Jesus [[St Joseph]] on March 19, [[Annunciation]] March 25, [[Visitation (Christianity)|Visitation]] of Mary on May 31.
* [[Lutherans]] also celebrate [[St John the Baptist]] or the Beheading of St John the Baptist on June 24, [[St Mary Magdalene]] July 22, [[St. Mary]], Mother of Our Lord or the [[Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary]] on August 15, Holy Cross Day September 14, Francis of Assisi, renewal of the Church [[St. Francis of Assisi]] on October 4, and the Holy Innocents, Martyrs December 28.
* Lesser Feasts and Commemorations on the [[Lutheran]] liturgical calendar include [[Anthony of Egypt]] on January 17, Henry, Bishop of Uppsala, martyr [[Henry (bishop of Finland)|Henry of Uppsala]] on January 19, Timothy, Titus and Silas, missionaries [[St Timothy]], [[St Titus]] and [[St Silas]] Day on January 26, Ansgar, Bishop of Hamburg, missionary to Denmark and Sweden [[St Ansgar]] on February 3, Cyril, monk and Methodius, bishop, missionaries to the Slavs [[St Cyril and St Methodius]] on February 14, [[Gregory the Great]] on March 12, [[St Patrick]] on March 17, [[Olavus Petri]], priest and Laurentius Petri, Bishop of Uppsala, on April 19, [[St Anselm]] on April 21, [[Catherine of Siena]] on April 29, [[St Athanasius]] on May 2, [[St Monica]] on May 4, [[Eric IX of Sweden]] on May 18, [[St Boniface]] on June 5, [[Basil the Great]], [[Gregory of Nyssa]] and [[Gregory of Nazianzus]] on June 14, [[Benedict of Nursia]] on July 11, [[Birgitta of Sweden]] on July 23, [[St Anne]], Mother of Mary on July 26, [[St Dominic]] on August 8, [[Augustine of Hippo]] on August 28, [[Cyprian|St Cyprian]] on September 16, [[Teresa of Avila]] on October 15, [[Martin de Porres]] on November 3, [[Martin of Tours]] on November 11, [[Elizabeth of Hungary]] on November 17, [[St Lucy]] on December 13. There are many other holy days in the Lutheran calendar.
* Some traditions celebrate [[Michaelmas|St. Michael's Day]] (Michaelmas) on September 29.
* Some traditions celebrate [[Martinmas|St. Martin's Day]] (Martinmas) on November 11.

''Liturgical colours'': white if the saint was not martyred; red if the saint was martyred

=====Hierarchy of feast days=====
{{Main|Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite|Principal Holy Day (Anglicanism)}}
There are degrees of solemnity of the office of the feast days of saints. In the 13th century, the Roman Rite distinguished three ranks: simple, semidouble and double, with consequent differences in the recitation of the [[Liturgy of the Hours|Divine Office or Breviary]]. The simple feast commenced with the chapter (''capitulum'') of First Vespers, and ended with None. It had three lessons and took the psalms of Matins from the ferial office; the rest of the office was like the semidouble. The semidouble feast had two Vespers, nine lessons in Matins, and ended with Compline. The antiphons before the psalms were only intoned.

In the Mass, the semidouble had always at least three "orationes" or [[collect]]s. On a double feast the antiphons were sung in their entirety, before and after the psalms, while in Lauds and Vespers there were no ''suffragia'' of the saints, and the Mass had only one "oratio" (if no commemoration was prescribed). If ordinary double feasts (referred to also as lesser doubles) occurred with feasts of a higher rank, they could be simplified, except the octave days of some feasts and the feasts of the Doctors of the Church, which were transferred.

To the existing distinction between major and ordinary or minor doubles, [[Pope Clement VIII]] added two more ranks, those of first-class or second-class doubles. Some of these two classes were kept with octaves. This was still the situation when the 1907 article [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06021b.htm Ecclesiastical Feasts] in the [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] was written. In accordance with the rules then in force, feast days of any form of double, if impeded by "occurrence" (falling on the same day)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://home.newadvent.org/cathen/11200a.htm|title=Catholic Encyclopedia : Occurrence|website=home.newadvent.org}}</ref> with a feast day of higher class, were transferred to another day.

[[Pope Pius X]] simplified matters considerably in his 1911 [[Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X|reform of the Roman Breviary]]. In the case of occurrence the lower-ranking feast day could become a [[Commemoration (liturgy)|commemoration]] within the celebration of the higher-ranking one. Until then, ordinary doubles took precedence over most of the semidouble Sundays, resulting in many of the Sunday Masses rarely being said. While retaining the semidouble rite for Sundays, Pius X's reform permitted only the most important feast days to be celebrated on Sunday, although commemorations were still made until [[Pope John XXIII]]'s reform of 1960.

The division into doubles (of various kinds) semidoubles and simples continued until 1955, when [[Pope Pius XII]] abolished the rank of semidouble, making all the previous semidoubles simples, and reducing the previous simples to a mere commemoration in the Mass of another feast day or of the feria on which they fell (see [[General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII]]).

Then, in 1960, Pope John XXIII issued the [[Code of Rubrics]], completely ending the ranking of feast days by doubles etc., and replacing it by a ranking, applied not only to feast days but to all liturgical days, as I, II, III, and IV class days.

The [[Mysterii Paschalis|1969 revision]] by [[Pope Paul VI]] divided feast days into "solemnities", "feasts" and "memorials", corresponding approximately to Pope John XXIII's I, II and III class feast days. Commemorations were abolished. While some of the memorials are considered obligatory, others are optional, permitting a choice on some days between two or three memorials, or between one or more memorials and the celebration of the feria. On a day to which no obligatory celebration is assigned, the Mass may be of any saint mentioned in the [[Roman Martyrology]] for that day.<ref>[http://www.liturgyoffice.org.uk/Resources/GIRM/Documents/GIRM.pdf General Instruction of the Roman Missal], 355 c</ref>

=====Assumption of Mary=====
{{Main|Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary}}
Observed by Catholics and some Anglicans on August 15, which is the same as the Eastern and Orthodox feast of the [[Dormition]], the end of the earthly life of the Virgin Mary and, for some, her bodily Assumption into heaven, is celebrated. The teaching on this [[Dogma in the Catholic Church|dogma]] was summmed by [[Pope Pius XII]] in his [[papal bull|bull]] ''[[Munificentissimus Deus]]'' of 1 November, 1950.

In other Anglican and Lutheran traditions, as well as a few others, August 15 is celebrated as St. Mary, Mother of the Lord.

''Liturgical colour'': white