Editing List of monarchs of Iran (section)

==== Ilkhanate (1256–1388) ====
{{See also|Ilkhanate|Borjigin|Division of the Mongol Empire}}
[[File:Ilkhanate (greatest extent).svg|thumb|The [[Ilkhanate]] under [[Ghazan|Ghazan Khan]]|190px]]
After the death of Möngke Khan, the Mongol Empire was fractured by civil war, both over the succession of the next Great Khan and between nomadic traditionalists and the new settled princes of China and the Middle East. [[Kublai Khan]] (1260–1294) was eventually universally recognized but the empire was irreversibly fragmented.{{Sfn|Lane|2012|p=250}} In much of the south-west of the empire (including Iran), power fell to [[Hulegu Khan]],{{Sfn|Rossabi|2002|p=32}} who had been made a deputy there under Möngke Khan.{{Sfn|Lane|2012|p=250}} Hulegu was swiftly accepted as a legitimate ruler in Iran and was further legitimized through a ''[[fatwa]]'' issued by the Shia scholar [[Ali ibn Tawus al-Hilli]].{{Sfn|Lane|2012|pp=253–254, 256}} Iran experienced a cultural renaissance under Ilkhanid rule.{{Sfn|Lane|2012|pp=253–254, 256}} [[Ghazan Khan]] (1295–1304) converted to Islam in the late thirteenth century, turning the state further away from the other Mongol realms.{{Sfn|Rossabi|2002|p=32}}

The rulers of the Ilkhanate adopted the style ''ilkhan'' ({{Literal translation|subordinate khan}}) to show deference to the Great Khan in China and Mongolia.{{Sfn|Rossabi|2002|p=32}} From the time of Ghazan Khan onwards, they also used the title ''[[Padishah|pādishāh]]-i Īrān'' ({{Literal translation|emperor of Iran}}), sometimes extended to ''pādishāh-i Īrān wa Islām'' ({{Literal translation|emperor of Iran and Islam}}).{{Sfn|Fragner|2013|p=73}} The version ''pādishāh-i Islām'' ({{Literal translation|emperor of Islam}}) is also recorded.{{Sfn|Ghiasian|2018|p=10}} The Ilkhanate went through a succession of capitals, beginning with [[Maragheh]] (1256–1265), [[Tabriz]] (1265–1306), and [[Soltaniyeh]] (1306–1335).{{Sfn|Falk|2024|loc=Us and Them}} After the empire disintegrated in the 1330s, various claimants established different centers of power. The last ilkhan, [[Luqman (ilkhan)|Luqman]], ruled from [[Astarabad]] under [[Timurid Empire|Timurid]] suzerainty.{{Sfn|Jackson|2017|p=383}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;"
! width="7%" |Portrait
! width="27%" |Name
! width="32%" |Reign
! width="34%" |Succession
|-
|[[File:Hulagu Khan.jpg|65px]]
|[[Hulegu Khan]]
|1256{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Saljuk Sultanate}} – 8 February 1265{{Sfn|Dashdondog|2011|p=155}}<br /><small>(9 years)</small>
|Grandson of Genghis Khan.{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|pp=395–396}} Granted power in Iran under Möngke Khan.{{Sfn|Lane|2012|p=250}}
|-
|[[File:Abaqa Khan.jpg|65px]]
|[[Abaqa Khan]]
|8 February 1265{{Sfn|Dashdondog|2011|p=155}} – 1 April 1282{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Mongol 'Ilkhanate' of Persia}}{{Sfn|Dashdondog|2011|p=175}}<br /><small>({{Age in years, months and days|1265|2|8|1282|4|1}})</small>
|Son of Hulegu{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|pp=395–396}}
|-
|[[File:Tegüder portrait.jpg|65px]]
|[[Tekuder|Ahmad Tekuder]]
|1 April 1282{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Mongol 'Ilkhanate' of Persia}} – 10 August 1284{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=271}}<br /><small>({{Age in years, months and days|1282|4|1|1284|8|10}})</small>
|Son of Hulegu{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|pp=395–396}}
|-
|[[File:ArghunEnthroned (cropped).png|65px]]
|[[Arghun|Arghun Khan]]
|11 August 1284 – 10 March 1291{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=271}}<br /><small>({{Age in years, months and days|1284|8|11|1291|3|10}})</small>
|Son of Abaqa{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|pp=395–396}}
|-
|[[File:سکه گیخاتو.jpg|65px]]
|[[Gaykhatu]]
|10 March 1291 – 26 March 1295{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Mongol 'Ilkhanate' of Persia}}<br /><small>({{Age in years, months and days|1291|3|10|1295|3|26}})</small>
|Son of Abaqa{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|pp=395–396}}
|-
|[[File:Gold Mithqal of Baydu, Madinat Tabriz, 694 H (1295).jpg|65px]]
|[[Baydu]]
|26 March – summer? 1295{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Mongol 'Ilkhanate' of Persia}}<br /><small>(a few months)</small>
|Grandson of Hulegu{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|pp=395–396}}
|-
|[[File:GhazanConversionToIslam (cropped).JPG|55px]]
|[[Ghazan|Ghazan Khan]]
|Summer? 1295 – 11 May 1304{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Mongol 'Ilkhanate' of Persia}}<br /><small>(9 years)</small>
|Son of Arghun{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|pp=395–396}}
|-
|[[File:Majma' al-Tavarikh 001 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|55px]]
|[[Öljaitü]]
|11 May 1304 – 16 December 1316{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Mongol 'Ilkhanate' of Persia}}<br /><small>({{Age in years, months and days|1304|5|11|1316|12|16}})</small>
|Son of Arghun{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Mongol 'Ilkhanate' of Persia}}
|-
|[[File:In the Court of Abu Saʿid, folio from a manuscript of Nigaristan, Iran, probably Shiraz, dated 1573-74 (Abu Saʿid detail).jpg|65px]]
|[[Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan]]
|16 December 1316{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Mongol 'Ilkhanate' of Persia}} – 30 November 1335{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=271}}<br /><small>({{Age in years, months and days|1316|12|16|1335|11|30}})</small>
|Son of Öljaitü{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|pp=395–396}}
|-
|[[File:Ilkhan Musa Khan Dirham.jpg|65px]]
|[[Musa (Ilkhanid dynasty)|Musa Khan]]
|1335/1336–1336{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=271}}<br /><small>(less than a year)</small>
|Grandson of Baydu{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=271}}
|-
|[[File:سکه آرپاخان.jpg|65px]]
|[[Arpa Ke'un|Arpa Khan]]
|1335–1336{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=470}}<br /><small>(1 year)</small>
|Descendant of [[Tolui]], the father of Hulegu{{Sfn|Daryaee|2012|pp=395–396}}
|-
|[[File:Ilkhanids, Muhammad Khan (1337-1338) Dinar, Al-Jazira mint, Dated AH 737 (1336-1337).jpg|frameless|65x65px]]
|[[Muhammad Khan (Ilkhan)|Muhammad Khan]]
|1336–1338{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=470}}<br /><small>(2 years)</small>
|Great-great-great-grandson of Hulegu{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=470}}
|-
|[[File:Gold Dinar of Taghaytimur, Kashan, 739 H, 1338-1339.jpg|65px]]
|[[Togha Temür]]
|1337–1353<br /><small>(6 years)</small>
|Descendant of [[Qasar]], a brother of Genghis Khan{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=470}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Jahan Temür]]
|1338/1339–1340/1341{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=271}}<br /><small>(2 years)</small>
|Grandson of Gaykhatu{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=271}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Sati Beg]]
|1338/1339–1339/1340{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=271}}<br /><small>(1 year)</small>
|Daughter of Öljaitü.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=271}} Fourth and last of only four women to rule in Iranian history.{{efn|The other three were [[Musa of Parthia|Musa]] (2 BC–AD 4), [[Boran]] (630), and [[Azarmidokht]] (630–631).}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Suleiman Khan]]
|1339/1340 – 1343/1344{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=271}}<br /><small>(4 years)</small>
|Great-great-grandson of Hulegu{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=470}}
|-
|[[File:Silver Dirham of Anushirwan, Tiflis, 1344-1353.jpg|65px]]
|[[Anushirwan|Anushirwan Khan]]
|1344–1356{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=470}}<br /><small>(12 years)</small>
|Unknown lineage{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=470}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Ghazan II]]
|1356–1357{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=470}}<br /><small>(1 year)</small>
|Son of Togha Temür{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=470}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Luqman (ilkhan)|Luqman]]
|1356{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=183}}–1388{{Sfn|Roemer|2001|p=29}}<br /><small>(32 years)</small>
|Son of Togha Temür.{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=470}} Puppet ruler under various warlords, including [[Amir Vali]]{{Sfn|Jackson|2023|p=183}} and later [[Timur]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2017|p=383}}
|}