Editing Liliaceae (section)

=== Lilies ===
{{multiple image |align = right |direction = vertical |width = 180 |image2 = Lilium candidum 1.jpg |caption2 = ''[[Lilium candidum]]'' (Madonna lily) |image1= Meister des Frankfurter Paradiesgärtleins 001.jpg |caption1= Lilies (far right) growing in the ''[[Paradiesgärtlein]]'', ''[[Meister des Frankfurter Paradiesgärtleins]]'' {{circa|1410}}}}
The type genus, Lily (''[[Lilium]]''), has a long history in literature and art, and a tradition of [[symbol]]ism as well as becoming a [[Lily (name)|popular female name]], and a [[floral emblem]], particularly of [[France]] ([[#Fleur-de-lis|fleur-de-lis]]). The cultivation of lilies has been described since at least the ninth century, when [[Charlemagne]] ordered it to be grown at his imperial palaces.<ref name=Kandeler/> However, the name 'lily' has historically been applied to a wide variety of plants other than the genus ''Lilium''.

The lily appears in ancient literature associated with both sovereignty and virginal innocence, and is mentioned on a number of occasions in the [[Bible]], such as the description in Solomon's [[Song of Songs]] (2, 1–2) "''I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys. Like a lily among thorns is my darling among the young women''" or the [[Gospel of Mathew]] (6, 28) "''Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin''" to represent beauty. Artistic representations can be found as far back as [[frescos]] from the second century BC, at [[Amnisos]] and [[Knossos]]. Early Christian churches, such as that of the [[Basilica of Sant' Apollinare in Classe]] were sometimes decorated with lilies. While predominantly depicted as white, those seen at [[Akrotiri (prehistoric city)|Akrotiri]] are red lilies. The white lily has long been seen as a symbol of purity, coming to be associated with the [[Virgin Mary]] in the [[Middle Ages]], from which came the name ‘Madonna lily’ (''[[Lilium candidum]]''). A well-known example is [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s ''[[Annunciation (Leonardo)|Annunciation]]'' (1472–1475) in which the archangel [[Gabriel]] bears a Madonna lily. Other symbolic meanings include glory, love and birth.

==== Fleur-de-lis ====
{{main|Fleur-de-lis}}
[[File:Fleur de lys (or).svg|thumb|upright=0.45|left|Symbolic [[fleur-de-lis]]]]
The stylised lily, or ''fleur-de-lis'' (lily flower) has long been associated with royalty, although it may originally have been derived from the form of an [[iris (plant)|iris]]. It has also been associated with the head of a spear.<ref name="Sauvages1756"/> Its three parts have been associated with the three classes of mediaeval society,<ref name=Duby/> or alternatively faith, wisdom and chivalry.<ref name="MichaudPoujoulat1836"/> Whatever its exact derivation, it has come to be associated with France and the French monarchy since the earliest [[Franks|Frankish]] kings. Consequently, it became incorporated into not only French [[heraldry]] but also into many heraldic devices in jurisdictions where there had been historic French influence, such as [[Quebec]] and [[New Orleans]]. In modern times it appears in many forms, symbolic and decorative, and can be used on [[compass rose|compasses]] to indicate the direction north, as well as the [[Fleur-de-lis in Scouting|Scouting]] movement.