Editing Latin America (section)

===Mining and petroleum===
[[File:Cerro ricco.jpg|thumb|[[Cerro Rico]], [[Potosí Department|Potosi]], Bolivia, still a major mine]][[Mining]] is one of the most important economic sectors in Latin America, especially for [[Mining in Chile|Chile]], [[Mining in Peru|Peru]] and [[Mining in Bolivia|Bolivia]], whose economies are highly dependent on this sector. The continent has large productions of:
*[[gold]] (mainly in [[Gold mining in Peru|Peru]], Mexico, [[Gold mining in Brazil|Brazil]] and Argentina);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/|title=mcs2021 /mcs2021-gold.pdf USGS Gold Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615031507/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[silver]] (mainly in Mexico, Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf|title=Production statistics of USGS Silver|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=May 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515082301/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[copper]] (mainly in [[Copper mining in Chile|Chile]], [[Copper mining in Peru|Peru]], Mexico and Brazil);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|title=Copper production statistics for the USGS|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[iron ore]] (Brazil, Peru and Chile);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf|title=Production statistics of USGS iron ore|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[zinc]] (Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and Brazil);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|title=Zinc production statistics from USGS|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[molybdenum]] (Chile, Peru and Mexico);<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-molybdenum.pdf|title=USGS Molybdenum Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-molybdenum.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[lithium]] (Chile, Argentina and Brazil);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf|title=USGS lithium production statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[lead]] (Peru, Mexico and Bolivia);<ref name="USGS Lead Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lead.pdf|title=USGS Lead Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=May 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515091715/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lead.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[bauxite]] (Brazil and Jamaica);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-bauxite-alumina.pdf|title=USGS Bauxite Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=December 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208035529/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-bauxite-alumina.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[tin]] (Peru, Bolivia and Brazil);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf|title=USGS tin production statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=August 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813153917/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[manganese]] (Brazil and Mexico);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf|title=Manganese production statistics from the USGS|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625143322/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[antimony]] (Bolivia, Mexico, Guatemala and Ecuador);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-antimony.pdf|title=USGS antimony production statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-antimony.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[nickel]] (Brazil, Dominican Republic and Cuba);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-nickel.pdf|title=USGS Nickel Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-nickel.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[niobium]] (Brazil);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-niobium.pdf|title=USGS Niobium Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-niobium.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[rhenium]] (Chile);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf|title=USGS rhenium production statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621074425/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[iodine]] (Chile),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iodine.pdf|title=USGS iodine production statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625191455/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iodine.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Brazil]] stands out in the extraction of 
*iron ore (where it is the 2nd largest producer and exporter in the world—iron ore is usually one of the three export products that generate the greatest value in the country's [[trade balance]])
*[[copper]]
*[[gold]]
*[[bauxite]] (one of the five largest producers in the world)
*[[manganese]] (one of the five largest producers in the world)
*[[tin]] (one of the largest producers in the world)
*[[niobium]] (98% of known world reserves) and 
*[[nickel]]

In terms of gemstones, Brazil is the world's largest producer of [[amethyst]]s, [[topaz]], and [[agate]]s and one of the main producers of [[tourmaline]], emeralds, [[aquamarine (gemstone)|aquamarine]]s, [[garnet]]s and [[opal]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.br/anm/pt-br/pagina-inicial|title=ANM|website=gov.br Agência Nacional de Mineração|date=July 31, 2023|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=August 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804161841/https://www.gov.br/anm/pt-br/pagina-inicial|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/brasil-extrai-cerca-de-2-gramas-de-ouro-por-habitante-em-5-anos-29062019|title=Brasil extrai cerca de 2 gramas de ouro por habitante em 5 anos|date=June 29, 2019|website=R7.com|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=July 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712095924/https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/brasil-extrai-cerca-de-2-gramas-de-ouro-por-habitante-em-5-anos-29062019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Economia_Negocios/0,,MUL190262-9356,00-VOTORANTIM+METAIS+ADQUIRE+RESERVAS+DE+ZINCO+DA+MASA.html|title=G1 > Economia e Negócios – NOTÍCIAS – Votorantim Metais adquire reservas de zinco da Masa|website=g1.globo.com|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=January 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118205757/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Economia_Negocios/0,,MUL190262-9356,00-VOTORANTIM+METAIS+ADQUIRE+RESERVAS+DE+ZINCO+DA+MASA.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2019/12/12/niobio-g1-visita-em-mg-complexo-industrial-do-maior-produtor-do-mundo.ghtml|title=Nióbio: G1 visita em MG complexo industrial do maior produtor do mundo|website=G1|date=December 12, 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212144838/https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2019/12/12/niobio-g1-visita-em-mg-complexo-industrial-do-maior-produtor-do-mundo.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/Redes-Institucionais/Rede-de-Bibliotecas---Rede-Ametista/Algumas-Gemas-Classicas-1104.html|title=Serviço Geológico do Brasil|website=cprm.gov.br|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=September 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906194936/http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/Redes-Institucionais/Rede-de-Bibliotecas---Rede-Ametista/Algumas-Gemas-Classicas-1104.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.band.uol.com.br/noticias/100000911432/rio-grande-do-sul-o-maior-exportador-de-pedras-preciosas-do-brasil.html|title=Rio Grande do Sul: o maior exportador de pedras preciosas do Brasil|website=Band.com.br|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=May 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502153003/https://noticias.band.uol.com.br/noticias/100000911432/rio-grande-do-sul-o-maior-exportador-de-pedras-preciosas-do-brasil.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Chile]] contributes about a third of the world's [[copper]] production.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|title=Copper production in 2019 by USGS|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Chile was, in 2019, the world's largest producer of iodine<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iodine.pdf|title=USGS Iodine Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625191455/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iodine.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[rhenium]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf|title=USGS Rhenium Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621074425/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-rhenium.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the second largest producer of [[lithium]]<ref name="USGS Lithium Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf|title=USGS Lithium Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[molybdenum]],<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov"/> the sixth largest producer of [[silver]],<ref name="USGS Silver Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf|title=USGS Silver Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=May 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515082301/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the seventh largest producer of [[salt]],<ref name="USGS Salt Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-salt.pdf|title=USGS Salt Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-salt.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the eighth largest producer of [[potash]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-potash.pdf|title=USGS Potash Product ion Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-potash.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the thirteenth-largest producer of [[sulfur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-sulfur.pdf|title=USGS Sulfur Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-sulfur.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the thirteenth largest producer of [[iron ore]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf|title=USGS Iron Ore Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> in the world.

In 2019, Peru was the second largest world producer of copper<ref name="USGS Copper Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|title=USGS Copper Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and silver,<ref name="USGS Silver Production Statistics"/> 8th largest world producer of gold,<ref name="USGS Gold Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-gold.pdf|title=USGS Gold Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-gold.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> third largest world producer of lead,<ref name="USGS Lead Production Statistics"/> second largest world producer of [[zinc]],<ref name="USGS Zinc Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|title=USGS Zinc Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> fourth largest world producer of [[tin]],<ref name="USGS Tin Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf|title=USGS Tin Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=August 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813153917/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> fifth largest world producer of [[boron]],<ref name="USGS Boron Production Statistics">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-boron.pdf|title=USGS Boron Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=July 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718104325/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-boron.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and fourth largest world producer of molybdenum.<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov"/>

In 2019, Bolivia was the eighth largest world producer of silver;<ref name="USGS Silver Production Statistics"/> fourth largest world producer of boron;<ref name="USGS Boron Production Statistics"/> fifth largest world producer of [[antimony]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-antimony.pdf|title=USGS Antimony Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-antimony.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> fifth largest world producer of [[tin]];<ref name="USGS Tin Production Statistics"/> sixth largest world producer of [[tungsten]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tungsten.pdf|title=USGS Tungsten Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=July 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705141418/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tungsten.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> seventh largest producer of [[zinc]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|title=USGS ZincProduction Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the eighth largest producer of lead.<ref name="USGS Lead Production Statistics"/><ref>{{cite web|first=Keith|last=Campbell|url=http://www.miningweekly.com/article/the-state-of-mining-in-south-america-an-overview-2013-06-21|title=The state of mining in South America – an overview|publisher=Miningweekly.com|date=June 21, 2013|access-date=March 19, 2022|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207073436/https://www.miningweekly.com/article/the-state-of-mining-in-south-america-an-overview-2013-06-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anm.gov.br/dnpm/publicacoes/serie-estatisticas-e-economia-mineral/anuario-mineral/anuario-mineral-brasileiro/amb_2018_ano_base_2017|title=Anuário Mineral Brasileiro 2018|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709020214/http://www.anm.gov.br/dnpm/publicacoes/serie-estatisticas-e-economia-mineral/anuario-mineral/anuario-mineral-brasileiro/amb_2018_ano_base_2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, Mexico was the world's largest producer of silver<ref name="USGS Silver Production Statistics"/> (representing almost 23% of world production, producing more than 200 million ounces in 2019);<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scsegusp.com/single-post/2020/05/14/Minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o-no-M%C3%A9xico-ser%C3%A1-reiniciada-na-pr%C3%B3xima-semana|title=La minería en México se reiniciará la próxima semana|date=May 14, 2020|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125132143/https://www.scsegusp.com/single-post/2020/05/14/minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o-no-m%C3%A9xico-ser%C3%A1-reiniciada-na-pr%C3%B3xima-semana|url-status=live}}</ref> ninth largest producer of gold,<ref name="USGS Gold Production Statistics"/> the eighth largest producer of copper,<ref name="USGS Copper Production Statistics"/> the world's fifth largest producer of lead,<ref name="USGS Lead Production Statistics"/> the world's sixth largest producer of zinc,<ref name="USGS Zinc Production Statistics"/> the world's fifth largest producer of molybdenum,<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov"/> the world's third largest producer of [[mercury (chemical element)|mercury]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-mercury.pdf|title=USGS Mercury Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=March 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307084311/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-mercury.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the world's fifth largest producer of [[bismuth]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-bismuth.pdf|title=USGS Bismuth Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=October 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022151458/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-bismuth.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the world's 13th largest producer of [[manganese]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf|title=USGS Manganese Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=June 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625143322/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and the 23rd largest world producer of [[phosphate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-phosphate.pdf|title=USGS Phosphate Production Statistics|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=May 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502135915/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-phosphate.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also the eighth largest world producer of [[table salt|salt]].<ref name="USGS Salt Production Statistics"/>

In 2019, Argentina was the fourth largest world producer of lithium,<ref name="USGS Lithium Production Statistics"/> the ninth largest world producer of silver,<ref name="USGS Silver Production Statistics"/> the 17th largest world producer of gold<ref name="USGS Gold Production Statistics"/> and the seventh largest world producer of boron.<ref name="USGS Boron Production Statistics"/>

Colombia is the world's largest producer of [[emeralds]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2012/10/121025_colombia_esmeraldas_ru|title=Colombian emeralds|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=December 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221174300/https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2012/10/121025_colombia_esmeraldas_ru|url-status=live}}</ref> In the production of gold, between 2006 and 2017, the country produced 15 tons per year until 2007, when its production increased significantly, breaking a record of 66.1 tons extracted in 2012. In 2017, it extracted 52.2 tons. The country is among the 25 largest gold producers in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/colombia/gold-production|title=Gold production in Colombia|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=August 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816022625/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/colombia/gold-production|url-status=live}}</ref> In the production of silver, in 2017 the country extracted 15,5 tons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/colombia/silver-production|title=Silver production in Colombia|access-date=June 27, 2021|archive-date=August 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816150027/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/colombia/silver-production|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the production of [[Petroleum|oil]], Brazil was the tenth largest oil producer in the world in 2019, with 2.8 million barrels a day. Mexico was the twelfth largest, with 2.1 million barrels a day, Colombia in 20th place with 886 thousand barrels a day, Venezuela was the twenty-first place, with 877 thousand barrels a day, Ecuador in 28th with 531 thousand barrels a day and Argentina. 29th with 507 thousand barrels a day. Since Venezuela and Ecuador consume little oil and export most of their production, they are part of [[OPEC]]. Venezuela had a big drop in production after 2015 (when it produced 2.5 million barrels a day), falling in 2016 to 2.2 million, in 2017 to 2 million, in 2018 to 1.4 million and in 2019 to 877 thousand, due to lack of investment.<ref name="eia.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids-production?pd=5&p=0000000000000000000000000000000000vg&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=94694400000&e=1546300800000|title=Production of Crude Oil including Lease Condensate 2019|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=March 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304103613/https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids-production?pd=5&p=0000000000000000000000000000000000vg&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=94694400000&e=1546300800000|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the production of [[natural gas]], in 2018, Argentina produced 1,524 bcf (billions of cubic feet), Mexico produced 999, Venezuela 946, Brazil 877, Bolivia 617, Peru 451, Colombia 379.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/natural-gas/dry-natural-gas-production?pd=3002&p=00g&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=315532800000&e=1546300800000|title=Natural Gas production|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=October 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019114317/https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/natural-gas/dry-natural-gas-production?pd=3002&p=00g&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=315532800000&e=1546300800000|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the production of [[coal]], the continent had three of the 30 largest world producers in 2018: Colombia (12th), Mexico (24th) and Brazil (27th).<ref name="bp.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html|title=Statistical Review of World Energy 2018|access-date=June 26, 2021|archive-date=October 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012042030/https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html|url-status=live}}</ref>