Editing Jehovah's Witnesses (section)

=== Canada ===
{{Main|Jehovah's Witnesses in Canada}}
In the early 1900s, radio stations were operated by congregations in [[Saskatoon]], [[Edmonton]], [[Vancouver]], and [[Toronto]]. In 1927, the federal government minister responsible for radio licensing, [[Arthur Cardin]], revoked the licenses for these radio stations because they shared airspace with the [[Ku Klux Klan in Canada]]. According to [[Gary Botting]], this "strange alliance" was formed due to a mutual opposition against the Roman Catholic church.{{sfn|Botting|1993|pages=21-23}} In response, Rutherford bought airtime from other radio stations. When [[Hector Charlesworth]] banned this activity as well, he was "indirectly attacked" in an issue of the ''Golden Age'' and Jehovah's Witnesses launched a petition to regain their licenses that resulted in 406,270 signatures. Charlesworth's actions were debated by the House of Commons in 1933. While multiple members expressed concern that this prohibition was censorship of [[free speech]], the ban was not lifted.{{sfn|Botting|1993|pages=23-25}}

In 1940, a year after Canada entered World War II, the denomination itself was banned under the [[War Measures Act]] as a subversive organization.{{sfn|Botting|1993|page=29}} This ban continued until 1943.{{sfn|Richardson|2015|p=290}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Canadian Wrongs: Quebec's Attack on Jehovah's Witnesses |url=https://exhibits.library.utoronto.ca/exhibits/show/canadianlawandidentity/cdnwrongshome/cdnwrongswitnesses1|website=University of Toronto Libraries |publisher=University of Toronto |access-date=16 July 2022}}</ref> A separate ban on the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society was not lifted until 1945.{{sfn|Botting|1993|page=29}} More than 100,000 dollars in assets were seized by the Canadian government and [[tonne]]s of literature produced by the group were confiscated.{{sfn|Botting|1993|page=26}} Hundreds of adherents were prosecuted as members of an illegal organization.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kaplan|first=William|title=State and Salvation—The Jehovah's Witnesses and Their Fight for Civil Rights|place=Toronto|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1989|isbn=0-8020-5842-6}}<!--Page number?--></ref> Jehovah's Witnesses were interned in camps along with political dissidents and people of Chinese and Japanese descent.<ref>{{cite news|last=Yaffee |first=Barbara|title=Witnesses Seek Apology for Wartime Persecution|work=The Globe and Mail|date=September 9, 1984|page=4}}</ref> During this period, many Jehovah's Witness children were expelled from school, while others were placed in foster homes or juvenile detention.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kaplan |first=William |title=State and Salvation |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=1989}}</ref> After the ban was lifted, men who had been jailed tried to apply for the ordained minister exemption of the ''[[National Selective Service Mobilization Regulations]]'' without success.{{sfn|Botting|1993|pages=29-30}} This led to a legal case being filed, ''[[R. v. Stewart]]'', which ruled that Jehovah's Witnesses were participants in a "commercial undertaking" and did not qualify as ministers.{{sfn|Botting|1993|page=30}} A similar outcome was reached in ''[[Greenlees v. A.G. Canada]]'', where the judge decided that Jehovah's Witnesses could not be ministers because they considered every member to be one and that they did not have an organizational structure independent of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society.{{sfn|Botting|1993|pages=31-33}}

Jehovah's Witnesses faced discrimination in [[Quebec]] until the [[Quiet Revolution]], including bans on distributing literature or holding meetings.<ref>{{cite web |author=Supreme Court of Canada|series=[1953] 2 SCR 299|title=Saumur v Quebec (City of) |url=https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1953/1953canlii3/1953canlii3.html |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706012152/http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1953/1953canlii3/1953canlii3.html|archive-date=July 6, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-date=January 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112043742/http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1959/1959canlii50/1959canlii50.html|author=Supreme Court of Canada|series=[1959] SCR 121|title=Roncarelli v Duplessis|url-status=dead |url=https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/1959/1959canlii50/1959canlii50.html}}</ref> ''[[Roncarelli v Duplessis]]'' was a 1959 legal case heard by the Supreme Court of Canada. The court held that in 1946 [[Maurice Duplessis]], [[Premier of Quebec|Premier]] and [[List of Ministers of Justice of Quebec|Attorney General]] of Quebec, had overstepped his authority by ordering the manager of the [[Société des alcools du Québec|Liquor Commission]] to revoke the liquor licence of Frank Roncarelli, a Montreal restaurant owner and Jehovah's Witness who was an outspoken critic of the Roman Catholic Church in Quebec. Roncarelli provided bail for Jehovah's Witnesses arrested for distributing pamphlets attacking the Roman Catholic Church. The Supreme Court found Duplessis liable for $33,000 in damages plus Roncarelli's court costs.<ref name="canencyc">{{cite web
 | url = https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/roncarelli-v-duplessis  | title = Roncarelli v Duplessis | last = Scott | first = Stephen A.  | date = 2006-02-07  | publisher = The Canadian Encyclopedia  | access-date = 2021-04-21 }}</ref> Another legal case heard that year was ''[[Lamb v Benoit]]'', where a Jehovah's Witness woman was arrested for distributing religious pamphlets.<ref name=LambvBenoit>{{cite report|title=Lamb v. Benoit et al.; [1959] S.C.R. 321 (January 27, 1959)|publisher=Canadian Government News}}</ref>