Editing Intravenous therapy (section)

===Pain===
Placement of an intravenous line inherently causes pain when the skin is broken and is considered [[Invasiveness of surgical procedures|medically invasive]]. For this reason, when other forms of administration may suffice, intravenous therapy is usually not preferred. This includes the treatment of mild or moderate [[dehydration]] with [[oral rehydration therapy]] which is an option, as opposed to parenteral rehydration through an IV line.<ref name="ACEPfive">{{Citation |author1 = American College of Emergency Physicians |author1-link = American College of Emergency Physicians |title = Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question |publisher = American College of Emergency Physicians |work = [[Choosing Wisely]]: an initiative of the [[ABIM Foundation]] |url = http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-college-of-emergency-physicians/ |access-date = January 24, 2014 |archive-date = March 7, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140307012443/http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-college-of-emergency-physicians/ |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hartling L, Bellemare S, Wiebe N, Russell K, Klassen TP, Craig W | title = Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 3 | pages = CD004390 | date = July 2006 | volume = 2006 | pmid = 16856044 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD004390.pub2 | pmc = 6532593 }}</ref> Children in [[emergency departments]] being treated for dehydration have better outcomes with oral treatment than intravenous therapy due to the pain and complications of an intravenous line.<ref name="ACEPfive"/> [[Vapocoolant|Cold spray]] may decrease the pain of putting in an IV.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Griffith RJ, Jordan V, Herd D, Reed PW, Dalziel SR | title = Vapocoolants (cold spray) for pain treatment during intravenous cannulation | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2016 | pages = CD009484 | date = April 2016 | issue = 4 | pmid = 27113639 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009484.pub2 | pmc = 8666144 | url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:387354/UQ387354_OA.pdf }}</ref>

Certain medications also have specific sensations of pain associated with their administration IV. This includes [[potassium]], which when administered IV can cause a burning or painful sensation.<ref name=AJM2020>{{cite journal |last1=Heng |first1=Shu Yun |last2=Yap |first2=Robert Tze-Jin |last3=Tie |first3=Joyce |last4=McGrouther |first4=Duncan Angus |title=Peripheral Vein Thrombophlebitis in the Upper Extremity: A Systematic Review of a Frequent and Important Problem |journal=The American Journal of Medicine |date=April 2020 |volume=133 |issue=4 |pages=473–484.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.08.054|pmid=31606488 |s2cid=204545798 }}</ref> The incidence of side effects specific to a medication can be affected by the type of access (peripheral versus central), the rate of administration, or the quantity of drug administered. When medications are administered too rapidly through an IV line, a set of vague symptoms such as redness or rash, fever, and others may occur; this is termed an "infusion reaction" and is prevented by decreasing the rate of administration of the medication. When [[vancomycin]] is involved, this is commonly termed "Red Man syndrome" after the rapid flushing which occurs after rapid administration.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bruniera |first1=FR |last2=Ferreira |first2=FM |last3=Saviolli |first3=LR |last4=Bacci |first4=MR |last5=Feder |first5=D |last6=da Luz Gonçalves Pedreira |first6=M |last7=Sorgini Peterlini |first7=MA |last8=Azzalis |first8=LA |last9=Campos Junqueira |first9=VB |last10=Fonseca |first10=FL |title=The use of vancomycin with its therapeutic and adverse effects: a review. |journal=European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences |date=February 2015 |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=694–700 |pmid=25753888}}</ref>