Editing Hungary (section)

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Hungary|Hungarians|Women in Hungary}}

[[File:Population density in Hungary.png|thumb|Population density in Hungary by [[Districts of Hungary|district]]]]
Hungary's population was 9,689,000 in 2021, according to the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, making it the fifth most populous country in Central and Eastern Europe, and a [[Demographics of the European Union|medium-sized member state of the European Union]]. As in other former [[Eastern Bloc|Eastern bloc countries]], its population has decreased markedly since the fall of communism, having peaked at 10.8 million in 1980.<ref name="Population of Hungary 1800–2020">{{Cite web|title=Population of Hungary 1800–2020|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1014468/total-population-hungary-1910-2020/|access-date=2023-02-20|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> [[Population density]] stands at 107 inhabitants per square kilometre, which is about two times higher than the [[List of countries and dependencies by population density|world average]]. Around 70% of the population lives in cities and towns overall, which is well above the global rate of 56% but [[Urbanization by sovereign state|lower than most developed countries]]; one quarter of Hungarians live in the [[Budapest metropolitan area]] in north-central region.

Like most European countries, Hungary is experiencing [[sub-replacement fertility]]; its estimated [[total fertility rate]] of 1.43 children per woman is well below the replacement rate of 2.1.<ref name=factbook/> Consequently, its population has been gradually declining and rapidly aging; the average age is 42.7 years, among the highest in the world.<ref name=factbook/> This trend has been exacerbated by a high rate of emigration, particularly among young adults, and anti-immigration policies, which accelerated in the 1990s but have since somewhat abated.<ref name="Population of Hungary 1800–2020"/>

In 2011, the conservative government began a programme to increase the birth rate among [[Hungarians|ethnic Magyars]] by reinstating three-year maternity leave and boosting the availability of part-time jobs; the fertility rate has since gradually increased from its nadir of 1.27 children per woman in 2011,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/11/hungary-birth-rate-women-stolz|title=Hungarian government sends women home to make babies|first=Joëlle|last=Stolz|date=11 January 2011|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref> in some years rising as high as 1.5.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Leitner|first=Attila|date=2023-02-16|title=Hungary population 9.6 million, census shows|url=https://www.budapesttimes.hu/hungary/hungary-population-9-6-million-census-shows/|access-date=2023-02-20|website=The Budapest Times|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2015, 47.9% of births were to unmarried women.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tps00018&plugin=1|title=Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref> [[Life expectancy]] was 71.96 years for men and 79.62 years for women in 2015,<ref name=factbook/> growing continuously since the fall of Communism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_hosszu/h_wdsd001a.html|title=Vital statistics, Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH)|publisher=[[Hungarian Central Statistical Office]]|access-date=30 September 2014}}</ref>

Hungary recognises two sizeable minority groups, designated as "national minorities" because their ancestors have lived in their respective regions for centuries in Hungary: a [[Germans of Hungary|German community]] of about 130,000 that lives throughout the country, and a [[Romani people in Hungary|Romani minority]] that numbers around 300,000 and mainly resides in the northern part of the country. Some studies indicate a considerably larger number of Romani in Hungary (876,000 people – c. 9% of the population.).<ref>[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/terstat/2018/01/ts580101.pdf A roma népesség területi megoszlásának változása Magyarországon az elmúlt évtizedekben Changes in the Spatial Distribution of the Roma Population in Hungary During the Last Decades]. ksh.hu Retrieved 1 January 2018.</ref><ref>[http://hvg.hu/itthon/20180222_Ennyi_roma_el_Magyarorszagon Ennyi roma él Magyarországon]. hvg.hu. Retrieved 15 July 2018.</ref> According to the 2011 census, there were 8,314,029 (83.7%) ethnic [[Hungarians]], 308,957 (3.1%) [[Romani people|Romani]], 131,951 (1.3%) [[Germans]], 29,647 (0.3%) [[Slovaks]], 26,345 (0.3%) [[Romanians]], and 23,561 (0.2%) [[Croats]] in Hungary; 1,455,883 people (14.7% of the total population) did not declare their ethnicity. Thus, Hungarians made up more than 90% of people who declared their ethnicity.<ref name="Census2011det" /> In Hungary, people can declare more than one ethnicity, so the sum of ethnicities is higher than the total population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_03_00_2011.pdf|title=Hungarian census 2011 – final data and methodology|language=hu|publisher=[[Hungarian Central Statistical Office]]}}</ref>

Approximately [[Hungarian diaspora|5&nbsp;million Hungarians live outside Hungary]].

=== Languages ===
{{Main|Hungarian language|Languages of Hungary}}
[[File:MagyarsOutsideHungary.png|thumb|Regions of Central and Eastern Europe inhabited by Hungarian speakers today]]
[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] is the [[official language|official]] and predominant spoken language. Hungarian is the [[Languages of Europe|13th most widely spoken first language in Europe]] with around 13&nbsp;million native speakers and it is one of 24 official and working languages of the European Union.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/languages/policy/linguistic-diversity/official-languages-eu_en.htm|title=Official Languages|author=European Commission|access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> Outside Hungary, it is also spoken in neighbouring countries and by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide. According to the 2011 census, 9,896,333 people (99.6%) speak Hungarian in Hungary, of whom 9,827,875 people (99%) speak it as a [[first language]], while 68,458 people (0.7%) speak it as a [[second language]].<ref name="Census2011det">{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/nepszamlalas/tablak_teruleti_00|title=Hungarian census 2011 / Országos adatok (National data) / 1.1.4.2. A népesség nyelvismeret és nemek szerint (population by spoken language), 1.1.6.1 A népesség anyanyelv, nemzetiség és nemek szerint (population by mother tongue and ethnicity), 2.1.7.1 A népesség vallás, felekezet, és fontosabb demográfiai ismérvek szerint (population by religion, denomination and main demographical indicators) (Hungarian)|website=Ksh.hu|access-date=30 September 2014}}</ref> English (1,589,180 speakers, 16.0%), and German (1,111,997 speakers, 11.2%) are the most widely spoken foreign languages, while there are several recognised minority languages in Hungary ([[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[German language|German]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Romani language|Romani]], [[Rusyn language|Rusyn]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Slovak language|Slovak]], [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]).<ref name="Census2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_orsz_2011.pdf|title=2011 Hungary Census Report|work=ksh.hu}}</ref>

Hungarian is a member of the [[Uralic languages|Uralic language family]], unrelated to any neighbouring language and distantly related to [[Finnish language|Finnish]] and [[Estonian language|Estonian]]. It is the largest of the Uralic languages in terms of the number of speakers and the only one spoken in Central Europe. Standard Hungarian is based on the variety spoken in Budapest. Although the use of the standard dialect is enforced, Hungarian has several urban and rural [[dialect]]s.

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Hungary}}
[[File:Főszékesegyház_(6238._számú_műemlék)_22.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Esztergom Basilica|Basilica in Esztergom]], where the headquarters of the [[Catholic Church in Hungary|Hungarian Catholic Church]] is located]]
Hungary is a historically [[Christianity|Christian]] country with a deep-rooted Christian heritage.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Alex Kish|first1=George|title=The Origins of the Baptist Movement Among the Hungarians: A History of the Baptists in the Kingdom of Hungary From 1846 to 1893|date=2011|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004211360|page=18|quote=}}</ref> Hungarian historiography identifies the foundation of the Hungarian state with Stephen I's [[baptism]] and coronation with the [[Holy Crown of Hungary|Holy Crown]] in A.D. 1000. Stephen promulgated [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] as the [[state religion]], and his successors were traditionally known as the [[Apostolic Majesty|Apostolic Kings]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Schanda|first=Balász|year=2015|contribution=Religion and the Secular State in Hungary|editor-last=Thayer|editor-first=Donlu D.|title=Religion and the Secular State: National Reports|publisher=[[Complutense University of Madrid]], Faculty of Law|location=Madrid|isbn=9788484811626|pages=378|contribution-url=https://classic.iclrs.org/content/blurb/files/Hungary.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127200906/https://classic.iclrs.org/content/blurb/files/Hungary.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Catholic Church in Hungary]] remained strong through the centuries, and the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest|Archbishop of Esztergom]] was granted extraordinary temporal privileges as [[prince-primate]] (''hercegprímás'') of Hungary. The transition to statehood occurred at the turn of the 1st to 2nd millennium when the federation of Magyar tribes was transformed into the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], and [[Western Christianity]], specifically [[Roman Catholicism]], was adopted as [[state religion]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=N. Ciolan|first1=Ioan|title=Transylvania: Romanian History and Perpetuation|date=1993|publisher=Military Publishing House|isbn=9789733203162|page=41|quote=Catholicism in the Hungarian Kingdom was a state religion}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hóman|first1=Bálint|title=King Stephen the Saint|date=1983|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9789733203162|page=18|quote=The Roman Catholic Church was placed under State protection, while the Catholic religion became the state religion of the Hungarian Kingdom}}</ref>

[[File:Benczúr - Painting of St Stephen in the Basilica of Budapest.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Stephen I of Hungary|King Saint Stephen]] offering the [[Holy Crown of Hungary|Hungarian crown]] to [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]] – painting by Gyula Benczúr, in the [[St. Stephen's Basilica]], Budapest]]

Although contemporary Hungary has no [[State religion|official religion]] and recognises [[freedom of religion]] as a fundamental right, the constitution "recognises Christianity's nation-building role" in its preamble<ref>{{cite web|title=Magyarország Alaptörvénye|url=http://www.parlament.hu/irom39/02627/02627.pdf|website=Parlament.hu|publisher=Hungarian Parliament|access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> and in Article VII affirms that "the state may cooperate with the churches for community goals".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Hungary_2011.pdf|title=Hungary's Constitution of 2011}}</ref> The 2022 census showed that 42.5% of the Hungarians were Christians, most of whom were [[Catholic Church in Hungary|Roman Catholics]] (''római katolikusok'') (27.5%) and [[Reformed Church in Hungary|Hungarian Reformed]] [[Calvinism|Calvinists]] (''reformátusok'') (9.8%), alongside [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]] (''evangélikusok'') (1.8%), [[Greek Catholic Church|Greek Catholics]] (1.7%), and other Christians (1.7%). [[Judaism|Jewish]] (0.1%), [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] (0.1%) and [[Islam]]ic (0.1%) communities are small minorities. 40.1% of the population did not declare a religious affiliation, while 16.1% declared themselves explicitly irreligious.<ref name="Census2022-religion"/>

During the initial stages of the Protestant [[Reformation]], most Hungarians adopted first Lutheranism and then Calvinism in the form of the Hungarian Reformed Church. Key figures in the Calvinist movement included [[Márton Kálmáncsehi]] (1500–1550) and [[Péter Melius Juhász]]. Melius Juhász played a pivotal role in translating the [[Bible]] and other religious texts into Hungarian, and he established Debrecen in the Great Plain as the heart of Hungarian Calvinism, earning it the titles "Hungarian [[Geneva]]" or the second "[[Calvinist Rome]]".<ref>{{cite book|last=Eberhard|first=Winfried|year=2018|orig-year=1995|contribution=Reformation and Counterreformation in East Central Europe|editor-last1=Brady|editor-first1=Thomas A.|editor-last2=Oberman|editor-first2=Heiko A.|editor-last3=Tracy|editor-first3=James D.|title=Handbook of European History 1400–1600: Late Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation|volume=II|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=9789004391680|pages=565–568}}</ref> In the second half of the 16th century, the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] led a [[Counter-Reformation]] campaign, and the population once again became predominantly Catholic. This campaign was only partially successful, however, and the (mainly Reformed) Hungarian nobility were able to secure freedom of worship for Protestants. In practice, this meant ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]''; thus, most individual localities in Hungary are still identifiable as historically Catholic, Lutheran, or Reformed. The country's eastern regions, especially around Debrecen (the "Calvinist Rome"), remain almost completely Reformed,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reformatus.hu/mutat/6819/|title=Facts and Statistics|work=Reformatus.hu|date=4 March 2013|access-date=26 March 2013}}</ref> a trait they share with historically contiguous ethnically Hungarian regions across the Romanian border. [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]] in Hungary is associated with the country's ethnic minorities: Armenians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Romanians, Rusyns, Ukrainians, and Serbs.

Historically, Hungary was home to a [[History of the Jews in Hungary|significant Jewish community]], with a pre-World War II population of more than 800,000; however, it is estimated that just over 564,000 Hungarian Jews were killed between 1941 and 1945 during the Holocaust in Hungary.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Braham|first1=Randolph L.|author-link1=Randolph L. Braham|title=The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary|volume=2|date=2016|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|pages=1509|isbn=978-0880337113}}</ref> Between 15 May and 9 July 1944 alone, over 434,000 Jews were deported.{{sfn|Braham|2016|p=771, 774–775}} Of over 800,000 Jews living within Hungary's borders in 1941–1944, about 255,500 are thought to have survived. There are about 120,000 Jews in Hungary today.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jdc.org/news/features/jewish-life-takes-to-the.html|title=Jewish Life Takes to the Streets at Hungary's Celebrated Judafest|publisher=Jewish Federation of North America|date=9 May 2012|access-date=4 March 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016205357/http://www.jdc.org/news/features/jewish-life-takes-to-the.html|archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://digitaljournal.com/article/343168|title=Hungary: A new synagogue for Budapest but anti-Semitism on rise|publisher=Digital Journal|date=9 February 2013|access-date=4 March 2013|author=Myles, Robert|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315122050/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/343168|archive-date=15 March 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in Hungary|List of universities and colleges in Hungary}}
{{multiple image
| perrow            = 2
| align             = right
| total_width       = 300
| image1            = DE-foepulet.jpg
| caption1          = [[University of Debrecen]] is the oldest continuously operating institution of higher education in Hungary (1538)
| image2            = Iskolaépület (527. számú műemlék).jpg
| caption2          = [[Budapest Business School]], the first public [[business school]] in the world ([[1857]])
| image3            = Hungary Pecs 2005 June 076University.jpg
| caption3          = The [[University of Pécs]], founded 1367 by [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis the Great]], is the oldest university in Hungary
| image4            = ElteFotoThalerTamas1.jpg
| caption4          = [[Eötvös Loránd University]] is one of the largest and most prestigious institutions
}}

Education is predominantly public, run by the [[Minister of Education (Hungary)|Ministry of Education]]. [[Preschool]]-[[kindergarten]] education is [[compulsory education|compulsory]] and provided for all children between three and six years old, after which school attendance is also compulsory until the age of sixteen.<ref name="europa" /> [[Primary education]] usually lasts for eight years. [[Secondary education]] includes three traditional types of schools focused on different academic levels: the [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] enrolls the most gifted children and prepares students for university studies; the secondary vocational schools for intermediate students lasts four years and the technical school prepares pupils for [[vocational education]] and work. The system is partly flexible and bridges exist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=HUN|title=Vocational Education in Hungary|date=October 2013|access-date=19 May 2014|author=UNESCO-UNEVOC}}</ref> The [[Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study]] rated 13–14-year-old pupils in Hungary among the best in the world for maths and science.

Most of the universities are [[public university|public institutions]], and students traditionally study without fees. The general requirement for university is the [[Matura]]. The Hungarian public [[higher education]] system includes universities and other higher education institutes that provide both education curricula and related degrees up to doctoral degree and also contribute to research activities. Health insurance for students is free until the end of their studies. English and German language are important in Hungarian higher education; there are a number of degree programmes that are taught in these languages, which attracts thousands of [[Student exchange program|exchange students]] every year. Hungary's higher education and training has been ranked 44 out of 148 countries in the Global Competitiveness Report 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2013-14.pdf|title=Global Competitiveness Record 2013/2014|access-date=19 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604005151/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/06/12/afx3810988.html|archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref>

Hungary has a long tradition of higher education and an established [[knowledge economy]]. Several universities are among the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|oldest in continuous operation in the world]], including the [[University of Pécs]] (founded 1367), [[Óbuda University]] (1395), and [[Universitas Istropolitana]] (1465). [[Nagyszombat]] University was founded in 1635 and moved to Buda in 1777, and it is called [[Eötvös Loránd University]] today. The world's first [[institute of technology]] was founded in [[Selmecbánya]] in 1735; its legal successor is the [[University of Miskolc]]. The [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics]] is considered the oldest institute of technology in the world with university rank and structure, its legal predecessor the Institutum Geometrico-Hydrotechnicum was founded in 1782 by [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Joseph II]].

Hungary ranks fourth (above neighbour Romania, and after China, the United States and Russia) in the all-time medal count at the [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] with 336 total medals, dating back to 1959.

=== Health ===
{{Main|Healthcare in Hungary}}
[[Image:Zuglo uzsoki korhaz (1).jpg|thumb|right|Uzsoki Hospital, [[Budapest]]]]
<!-- [[Image:Szentistvankorhazcivertanlegi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Szent István Hospital on [[Üllői Avenue]], [[Budapest]]. Together with Szent László Hospital, they form the largest hospital complex in Hungary, built at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.]]-->
Hungary maintains a [[universal health care]] system largely financed by government [[national health insurance]]. According to the [[OECD]], 100% of the population is [[List of countries by health insurance coverage|covered by universal health insurance]],<ref name="auto" /> which is free for children, students, pensioners, people with low income, handicapped people, and church employees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oep.hu/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/LAKOSSAG/OEPHULAK_EBELLAT/ELLATASMO/KIZAROLAG_EU_SZOLG_JOGOSULTAK_2013_01.PDF|title=List of the entitled people for free insurance, National Healthcare Fund, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://figyelo.hu/cikkek/376719_dozsolok_es_szukolkodok___mibol_gazdalkodnak_az_egyhazak|title=Dőzsölők és szűkölködők – Miből gazdálkodnak az egyházak?, Figyelő (financial status of the churches in Hungary, Hungarian)|website=Figyelo.hu|access-date=3 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417095046/http://figyelo.hu/cikkek/376719_dozsolok_es_szukolkodok___mibol_gazdalkodnak_az_egyhazak|archive-date=17 April 2015}}</ref> Hungary spends 7.2% of GDP on healthcare, spending $2,045 per capita, of which $1,365 is provided by the government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?DataSetCode=HEALTH_STAT|title=Health Status|website=stats.oecd.org|access-date=11 April 2019}}</ref>

Hungary is one of the main destinations of [[medical tourism]] in Europe, particularly for dentistry,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.budapestagent.com/hungary-leading-dental-tourism.html|title=Hungary leading in Dental Tourism in Europe – BudapestAgent.com|date=20 June 2012|website=Budapestagent.com|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-date=19 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319075342/http://www.budapestagent.com/hungary-leading-dental-tourism.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BBJ1" /> in which its share is 42% in Europe and 21% worldwide.<ref name="BBJ1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbj.hu/business/hungary-aims-at-bigger-bite-of-dental-tourism_63662|title=Hungary aims at bigger bite of dental tourism|website=Bbj.hu|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBJ2">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbj.hu/business/dental-tourism-development-clinics-turnover-up-19percent_69020|title=Dental Tourism Development clinics turnover up 19%|website=Bbj.hu|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref> [[Plastic surgery]] is also a key sector, with 30% of the clients coming from abroad. Hungary is well known for its spa culture and is home to [[Culture of Hungary#Spa culture|numerous medicinal spas]],<ref name="IMTJ">{{cite web|url=http://www.imtj.com/news/?entryid82=416494|title=Hungarian Tourism promotes medical tourism – IMTJ|website=Imtj.com|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref> which attract "spa tourism".<ref name="BBJ3">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbj.hu/business/medical-tourism-in-good-health_63661|title=Medical tourism in good health|website=Imtj.com|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>

In common with developed countries, cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality, accounting for 49.4% (62,979) of all deaths in 2013.<ref name="KSH">{{cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_hosszu/h_wdsd001a.html|title=STADAT – 1.1. Népesség, népmozgalom (1900–)|website=Ksh.hu|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref> However, this number peaked in 1985 with 79,355 deaths, and has been declining continuously since the fall of communism.<ref name="KSH" /> The second leading cause of death is cancer with 33,274 (26.2%), which has been stagnant since the 1990s.<ref name="KSH" /> Deaths from accidents dropped from 8,760 in 1990 to 3,654 in 2013; the number of suicides has declined precipitously from 4,911 in 1983 to 2,093 in 2013 (21.1 per 100,000 people), the lowest since 1956.<ref name="KSH" /> There are considerable health disparities between the western and eastern parts of Hungary; heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and suicide is prevalent in the mostly agricultural and low-income Great Plain region in the east, but infrequent in the high-income, middle class areas of Western Transdanubia and Central Hungary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oefi.hu/olef/OLEF2003/Jelentesek/KronikusBbetegsegekOLEF2003.pdf|title=Egészségjelentés 2016|website=Oefi.hu|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404092802/http://www.oefi.hu/olef/OLEF2003/Jelentesek/KronikusBbetegsegekOLEF2003.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Smoking is a leading cause of death, although it is in steep decline: The proportion of adult smokers declined to 19% in 2013 from 28% in 2012, owing to strict regulations such as a nationwide smoking ban in every indoor public place and the limiting of tobacco sales to state-controlled "National Tobacco Shops".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbj.hu/economy/govt-allocates-huf-450-mln-to-company-facilitating-tobacco-sales-monopoly_64136|title=Govt allocates HUF 450 mln to company facilitating tobacco sales monopoly|website=Bbj.hu|access-date=3 August 2017|archive-date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803172219/https://bbj.hu/economy/govt-allocates-huf-450-mln-to-company-facilitating-tobacco-sales-monopoly_64136|url-status=dead}}</ref>