Editing Hindi cinema (section)

==== East Asia ====
Some Bollywood films have been widely appreciated in [[China]], [[Japan]], and [[South Korea]]. Several Hindi films have been commercially successful in Japan, including [[Mehboob Khan]]'s ''[[Aan]]'' (1952, starring [[Dilip Kumar]]) and [[Aziz Mirza]]'s ''[[Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman]]'' (1992, starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]]). The latter sparked a two-year boom in Indian films after its 1997 release,<ref name="Japan">{{cite book | url=https://ir.minpaku.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10502/1140/1/SES71_011.pdf | title=Asia to Watch, Asia to Present: The Promotion of Asian/Indian Cinema in Japan | publisher=Senri Ethnological Studies, Reitaku University | last=Matsuoka | first=Tamaki | year=2008| page=246 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722073202/https://ir.minpaku.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10502/1140/1/SES71_011.pdf | archive-date=22 July 2011}}</ref> with ''[[Dil Se..]]'' (1998) a beneficiary of the boom.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|title=The Indian Media Business|date=2013|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]]|isbn=9788132117889|page=188|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1C4nAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA188}}</ref> The highest-grossing Hindi film in Japan is ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009), starring [[Aamir Khan]],<ref name="qz">{{cite news|title=Japan is going gaga over Bollywood|url=https://qz.com/310502/japan-is-going-gaga-over-bollywood/|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=11 December 2014}}</ref> which received a [[Japanese Academy Award]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web|title=3 Idiots to race for Japan Academy Awards|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2382254/3-Idiots-to-race-for-Japan-Academy-Awards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130064850/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2382254/3-Idiots-to-race-for-Japan-Academy-Awards|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2014|date=27 January 2014}}</ref> The film was also a critical and commercial success in South Korea.<ref>{{cite news|title=Embrace Your Nerdiness with 3 Idiots|url=https://herald.kaist.ac.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=285|access-date=29 March 2012|newspaper=KAIST Herald|date=4 December 2011|author=Chaerim Oh|agency=[[KAIST]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424035900/https://herald.kaist.ac.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=285|archive-date=24 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''[[Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani]]'', ''[[Awara (1951 film)|Awaara]]'', and ''[[Do Bigha Zamin]]'' were successful in China during the 1940s and 1950s, and remain popular with their original audience. Few Indian films were commercially successful in the country during the 1970s and 1980s, among them [[Tahir Hussain]]'s ''[[Caravan (1971 film)|Caravan]]'', ''[[Noorie]]'' and ''[[Disco Dancer]]''.<ref name="rediff">{{cite web|title=Aamir: I couldn't really enjoy the food in China|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/aamir-i-couldnt-really-enjoy-the-food-in-china/20150521.htm|website=[[Rediff]]|date=21 May 2015}}</ref> Indian film stars popular in China included Raj Kapoor, [[Nargis]],<ref name="tagore" /> and [[Mithun Chakraborty]].<ref name="rediff" /> Hindi films declined significantly in popularity in China during the 1980s.<ref name="lagaan-china">{{cite news|access-date=12 January 2008 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021121/world.htm#4 |title=''Lagaan'' released in China |date=20 November 2002 |work=The Tribune |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227190730/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021121/world.htm |archive-date=27 December 2007 }}</ref> Films by Aamir Khan have recently been successful,<ref name="rediff" /><ref name="forbes-china">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/06/08/how-a-52-year-old-indian-actor-became-chinas-favorite-movie-star/|title=How A 52-Year-Old Indian Actor Became China's Favorite Movie Star|first=Rob|last=Cain|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> and ''[[Lagaan]]'' was the first Indian film with a nationwide Chinese release in 2011.<ref name="lagaan-china" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Lagaan revives memories of Raj Kapoor in China|author=Anil K. Joseph|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=20 November 2002|url=https://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=16983|access-date=30 January 2009|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205095946/https://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=16983|archive-date=5 December 2013}}</ref> [[Cinema of China|Chinese]] filmmaker [[He Ping (director)|He Ping]] was impressed by ''Lagaan'' (particularly its soundtrack), and hired its composer [[A. R. Rahman]] to score his ''[[Warriors of Heaven and Earth]]'' (2003).<ref>{{cite web|title=Rahman's 'Lagaan' cast a spell on me|website=[[Sify]]|date=13 February 2004|url=https://sify.com/peopleandplaces/fullstory.php?id=13388284|access-date=24 February 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324022050/https://sify.com/peopleandplaces/fullstory.php?id=13388284|archive-date=24 March 2009}}</ref>

When ''3 Idiots'' was released in China, China was the [[Aamir Khan|world's]] 15th-largest film market (partly due to its widespread pirate [[DVD]] distribution at the time). The pirate market introduced the film to Chinese audiences, however, and it became a [[cult hit]]. According to the [[Douban]] film-review site, ''3 Idiots'' is China's 12th-most-popular film of all time; only one domestic Chinese film (''[[Farewell My Concubine (film)|Farewell My Concubine]]'') ranks higher, and [[Aamir Khan]] acquired a large Chinese fan base as a result.<ref name="forbes-china" /> After ''3 Idiots'', several of Khan's other films (including 2007's {{Lang|hi-latn|[[Taare Zameen Par]]}} and 2008's ''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]'') also developed cult followings.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Q&A: Aamir Khan on what it takes to crack China's box office|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-bollywood-aamir-khan-dangal-interv/qa-aamir-khan-on-what-it-takes-to-crack-chinas-box-office-idUSKBN18R0RQ|work=Reuters|access-date=31 May 2017|year=2017}}</ref> China became the world's second-largest film market (after the United States) by 2013, paving the way for Khan's box-office success with ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' (2013), ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' (2014), and ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]'' (2016).<ref name="forbes-china" /> The latter is the [[List of highest-grossing films in China|16th-highest-grossing film in China]],<ref name="cbo">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbooo.cn/Alltimedomestic|script-title=zh:内地总票房排名 ("All-Time Domestic Box Office Rankings")|work=中国票房 (China Box Office)|publisher=Entgroup|language=zh|access-date=16 February 2022|archive-date=9 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209213437/http://www.cbooo.cn/Alltimedomestic|url-status=dead}}</ref> the fifth-highest-grossing non-[[English language]] film worldwide,<ref name="5thForbes">{{cite news|last1=Cain|first1=Rob|title='Dangal' Tops $300 Million, Becoming The 5th Highest-Grossing Non-English Movie Ever|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2017/06/12/dangal-joins-300-million-club-now-the-5th-biggest-non-english-movie-ever|access-date=14 June 2017|work=Forbes|date=12 June 2017}}</ref> and the highest-grossing non-English foreign film in any market.<ref name="bloomberg">{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Lee|title=Bollywood Hit Beats 'Star Wars' at China's Box Office|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-28/bollywood-beats-star-wars-at-china-s-box-office-with-hindi-hit|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=28 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Lee|title=China Picks Bollywood Over Hollywood|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-29/china-picks-bollywood-over-hollywood|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=29 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="business-standard">{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Lee|title=How Aamir Khan's Secret Superstar beat 'Star Wars' at China's Box Office|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/how-aamir-khan-s-secret-superstar-beat-star-wars-at-china-s-box-office-118012900051_1.html|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=29 January 2018}}</ref> Several Khan films, including {{Lang|hi-latn|Taare Zameen Par}}, ''3 Idiots'', and ''Dangal'', are highly rated on Douban.<ref>{{cite news|title=印度的良心阿米尔·汗如何用电影改变国家|url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/zl/bagua/blog/2017-05-19/10105939/350163497/14df122910102wywr.shtml|publisher=[[Sina Corp]]|date=19 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=《摔跤吧！爸爸》主演阿米尔·汗被誉为"印度刘德华"-中新网|url=https://www.chinanews.com/yl/2017/05-11/8220929.shtml|work=[[China News Service]]|date=11 May 2017}}</ref> His next film, ''[[Secret Superstar]]'' (2017, starring [[Zaira Wasim]]), broke ''Dangal''{{'}}s record for the highest-grossing opening weekend by an Indian film and cemented Khan's status<ref name="scmp">{{cite news|title=Meet the Secret Superstar of China, from India|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/society/article/2130746/meet-secret-superstar-china-india-aamir-khan|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|date=28 January 2018}}</ref> as "a king of the Chinese box office";<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{cite news|title=China Box Office: Bollywood's 'Secret Superstar' Beats 'Ferdinand' and 'Jumanji'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/china-box-office-bollywoods-secret-superstar-beats-ferdinand-jumanji-1076857|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=22 January 2018}}</ref> ''Secret Superstar'' was China's highest-grossing foreign film of 2018 to date.<ref name="firstpost2">{{cite news|title=Secret Superstar: Aamir Khan's film becomes second Indian movie to cross Rs 500 cr in China, next only to his Dangal|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/secret-superstar-aamir-khans-film-becomes-second-indian-movie-to-cross-rs-500-cr-in-china-next-only-to-his-dangal-4331887.html|work=Firstpost|date=2 February 2018}}</ref> Khan has become a household name in China,<ref>{{cite news|title=5 big stories from the week gone by|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/5-big-stories-from-the-week-gone-by-26308-3.html|work=[[Filmfare]]|date=29 January 2018}}</ref> with his success described as a form of Indian [[soft power]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gao|first1=Charlotte|title=Aamir Khan: India's Soft Power in China|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/01/aamir-khan-indias-soft-power-in-china/|work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]}}</ref> improving [[China–India relations]] despite political tensions.<ref name="tagore">{{cite news|title=Aamir Khan: the second coming of Tagore?|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/society/article/2130794/chinas-secret-superstar-aamir-khan-second-coming-indias-tagore|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|date=28 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="scmp" /> With Bollywood competing with Hollywood in the Chinese market,<ref>{{cite news|title=Significant Digits For Tuesday, Jan. 30, 2018|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/significant-digits-for-tuesday-jan-30-2018/|work=[[FiveThirtyEight]]|date=30 January 2018}}</ref> the success of Khan's films has driven up the price for Chinese distributors of Indian film imports.<ref>{{cite news|title=Headlines from China: Tencent Acquires Stake in Hollywood Studio Skydance Media|url=https://chinafilminsider.com/headlines-china-tencent-acquires-stake-hollywood-studio-skydance-media/|work=China Film Insider|date=26 January 2018}}</ref> [[Salman Khan]]'s ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'' and [[Irrfan Khan]]'s ''[[Hindi Medium]]'' were also Chinese hits in early 2018.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tripathi|first=Rajat|title=Irrfan Khan's Hindi Medium BEATS the first day collections of Dangal and Bajrangi Bhaijaan in China|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/irrfan-khans-hindi-medium-beats-the-first-day-collections-of-dangal-and-bajrangi-bhaijaan-in-china/|access-date=4 April 2018|work=Bollywood Life}}</ref>