Editing Hepatitis (section)

=== Hepatitis B ===
[[File:Hepatitis B virus v2.png|thumb|Hepatitis B virus v2]]
The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]], [[United States Preventive Services Task Force|USPSTF]], and [[American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists|ACOG]] recommend routine hepatitis B screening for certain high-risk populations.<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5708a1.htm#fig3|title=Recommendations for Identification and Public Health Management of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-03-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306035320/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5708a1.htm#fig3|archive-date=2016-03-06}}</ref><ref name="Screening for Hepatitis B">{{Cite book|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK208504/|title=Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Systematic Review to Update the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation|last1=Chou|first1=Roger|last2=Dana|first2=Tracy|last3=Bougatsos|first3=Christina|last4=Blazina|first4=Ian|last5=Zakher|first5=Bernadette|last6=Khangura|first6=Jessi|date=2014-01-01|publisher=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US)|series=U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Evidence Syntheses, formerly Systematic Evidence Reviews|location=Rockville (MD)|pmid=24921112}}</ref><ref name="WHO guidelines for chronic Hepatitis B">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/hepatitis/hepatitis-b-guidelines/en/|title=Guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection|website=World Health Organization|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-03-11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220104219/http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/hepatitis/hepatitis-b-guidelines/en/|archive-date=2016-02-20}}</ref><ref name="ACOG Practice Bulletin">{{Cite web|url=http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Practice-Bulletins/Committee-on-Practice-Bulletins-Obstetrics/Viral-Hepatitis-in-Pregnancy|title=ACOG Practice Bulletin: Clinical Management Guidelines for Obstetrician-Gynecologists: Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy|website=www.acog.org|access-date=2016-03-12|archive-date=2020-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807231110/https://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Practice-Bulletins/Committee-on-Practice-Bulletins-Obstetrics/Viral-Hepatitis-in-Pregnancy|url-status=dead}}</ref> Specifically, these populations include people who are:
* Beginning [[Immunosuppressive drug|immunosuppressive]] or [[Chemotherapy|cytotoxic therapy]]<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" />
* Blood, organ, or tissue donors<ref name="WHO guidelines for chronic Hepatitis B" />
* Born in countries where the prevalence of hepatitis B is high (defined as ≥2% of the population), whether or not they have been vaccinated<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="Screening for Hepatitis B" />
* Born in the United States whose parents are from countries where the prevalence of hepatitis B is very high (defined as ≥8% of the population), and who were not vaccinated<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="Screening for Hepatitis B" />
* Found to have elevated [[Liver function tests|liver enzymes]] without a known cause<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" />
* [[HIV/AIDS|HIV]] positive<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="Screening for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="WHO guidelines for chronic Hepatitis B" />
* In close contact with (i.e. live or have sex with) people known to have hepatitis B<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="Screening for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="WHO guidelines for chronic Hepatitis B" />
* Incarcerated<ref name="WHO guidelines for chronic Hepatitis B" />
* [[Intravenous drug users]]<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="Screening for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="WHO guidelines for chronic Hepatitis B" />
* [[Men who have sex with men]]<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="Screening for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="WHO guidelines for chronic Hepatitis B" />
* On [[hemodialysis]]<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" />
* Pregnant<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="Screening for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="ACOG Practice Bulletin" />
Screening consists of a blood test that detects hepatitis B surface antigen ([[HBsAg]]). If HBsAg is present, a second test – usually done on the same blood sample – that detects the antibody for the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-[[HBcAg]]) can differentiate between acute and chronic infection.<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=CURRENT Practice Guidelines in Primary Care 2015|author1=Esherick JS |author2=Clark DS |author3=Slater ED |publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2015|location=New York, NY|display-authors=etal}}</ref> People who are high-risk whose blood tests negative for HBsAg can receive the [[hepatitis B vaccine]] to prevent future infection.<ref name="CDC recommendations for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="Screening for Hepatitis B" /><ref name="WHO guidelines for chronic Hepatitis B" /><ref name="ACOG Practice Bulletin" />