Editing Heidelberg University (section)

===Research===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Haus Buhl.jpg|thumb|right|The Center for Advanced Study Marsilius Kolleg, situated in House Buhl, was founded in 2007.]] -->

Among historical scientific achievements of Heidelberg researchers features prominently the invention of [[spectroscopy]],<ref name=chem>{{cite web |url=http://www.chemgeo.uni-hd.de/DC/hist.html|title=History of Chemistry at Heidelberg|access-date=28 May 2008 |publisher=Heidelberg University Homepage|date=28 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504035437/http://www.chemgeo.uni-hd.de/DC/hist.html |archive-date=4 May 2008}}</ref> and of the [[Bunsen burner]];<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/HS/Journal/Issues/2005/Apr/clicSubscriber/V82N04/p518.pdf |title=The Origin of the Bunsen Burner |access-date=28 May 2008 |author=William B. Jensen |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=518 |date=April 2005 |doi=10.1021/ed082p518 |bibcode=2005JChEd..82..518J |archive-date=9 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109034256/http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/HS/Journal/Issues/2005/Apr/clicSubscriber/V82N04/p518.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> the discovery of chemical elements [[Caesium]] and [[Rubidium]];<ref name="chem" /> the identification of the [[boiling|absolute point of ebullition]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/374765/Dmitry-Ivanovich-Mendeleyev/250031/Other-scientific-achievements |title=Scientific achievements of Mendeleyev |access-date=28 May 2008 |publisher=Britannica online |date=28 May 2008 |archive-date=7 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507013245/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/374765/Dmitry-Ivanovich-Mendeleyev/250031/Other-scientific-achievements |url-status=live }}</ref> and the identification and isolation of [[nicotine]] as the main [[pharmacological]]ly active component of tobacco.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/ruca/ruca03-2/ritu.html|title=Rituals of smoking|access-date=28 May 2008|publisher=Heidelberg University Homepage|date=28 May 2008|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911002625/https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/ruca/ruca03-2/ritu.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Modern scientific [[psychiatry]]; [[psychopharmacology]]; psychiatric [[genetics]];<ref name="Burgmair 2000–2008"/> environmental [[physics]];<ref name="Physics" /> and modern sociology<ref name="Google Books, p.24" /> were introduced as scientific disciplines by Heidelberg faculty. Almost 800 [[dwarf planets]], the [[North America Nebula]], and the return of [[Halley's Comet]] have been discovered and documented at institutes of the [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Physics and Astronomy#Center for Astronomy|Heidelberg Center for Astronomy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de/users/mdarr/history.html|title=History of the Center of Astronomy|access-date=28 May 2008|publisher=Heidelberg University Homepage|date=28 May 2008|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123925/http://www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de/users/mdarr/history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Moreover, Heidelberg researchers invented the process of [[plastination]] to preserve [[body tissue]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bodyworlds.com/de/plastination/idee_plastination.html |title=Die Idee der Plastination |access-date=28 May 2008 |publisher=Bodyworlds |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709041557/http://www.bodyworlds.com/de/plastination/idee_plastination.html |archive-date=9 July 2008 }}</ref> conducted the first successful transplantation of [[hematopoietic stem cells]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/news05/2511zwei.html |title=200 years medical history at Heidelberg University |access-date=5 June 2008 |publisher=Heidelberg University Homepage |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701082756/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/news05/2511zwei.html |archive-date=1 July 2007 }}</ref> and recently developed a new strategy for a [[vaccination]] against certain forms of cancer, which earned [[Harald zur Hausen]] of the university the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idw-online.de/pages/de/news261232|title=News|access-date=28 May 2008|publisher=Informationsdienst Wissenschaften|archive-date=1 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101224950/http://idw-online.de/pages/de/news261232|url-status=live}}</ref>

Today, the university puts an emphasis on natural sciences and medicine, but it retains its traditions with highly ranked faculties of humanities and social sciences. The ''Marsilius Kolleg'', named after [[Marsilius of Inghen]], was established in 2007 as a Center for Advanced Study to promote interdisciplinary dialogue and research especially between the sciences and the humanities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marsilius-kolleg.uni-heidelberg.de/index_en.html|title=Marsilius Kolleg|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Marsilius Kolleg Homepage|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323031942/http://www.marsilius-kolleg.uni-heidelberg.de/index_en.html|archive-date=23 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other institutes such as the ''[[Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing]]'', the ''Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences'', the ''[[Heidelberg Center for American Studies]]'', and the ''[[South Asia Institute, Heidelberg University|South Asia Institute]]'' also build a bridge between faculties and thus emphasize the concept of a comprehensive university.

Noted regular publications of the [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Physics and Astronomy#Center for Astronomy|Center for Astronomy]] include the [[Gliese catalogue of nearby stars]], the fundamental catalogues [[Fifth Fundamental Catalogue|FK5]] and [[Sixth Fundamental Catalogue|FK6]] and the annual published [[Apparent places]], a high precision catalog with pre-calculated positions for over 3,000 stars for each day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/aktuelles/publikationen.php.en|title=Center for Astronomy – Publications|access-date=16 May 2008|publisher=Heidelberg University Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513184310/http://www.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/aktuelles/publikationen.php.en|archive-date=13 May 2008}}</ref> The [[Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research]] publishes the annual [[Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research#General|Conflict Barometer]], which describes the recent trends in global conflict developments, escalations, de-escalations, and settlements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hiik.de/en/konfliktbarometer/index.html |title=Conflict Barometer|access-date=17 May 2008|publisher=Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513074927/http://www.hiik.de/en/konfliktbarometer/index.html|archive-date=13 May 2008}}</ref> Regular publications by the [[Max Planck Institute for International Law]] include the ''[[Heidelberg Journal of International Law]]'', the ''Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law''; the ''[[Journal of the History of International Law]]''; the ''[[Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law]]''; and the semi-annual bibliography ''Public International Law''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpil.de/ww/en/pub/research/profile/publ.cfm|title=Publications of the Institute |access-date=17 May 2008|format=cfm |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402022043/http://www.mpil.de/ww/en/pub/research/profile/publ.cfm|archive-date=2 April 2008}}</ref>

The [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft|German Research Foundation]] (DFG) currently funds twelve long-term [[Collaborative Research Centers]] (SFB) with a duration of up to 12 years at Heidelberg,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/coordinated_programmes/collaborative_research_centres/lists/index.html |title=DFG – Lists of Collaborative Research Centers |access-date=16 May 2008 |publisher=German Research Foundation Homepage |archive-date=7 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507212213/http://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/coordinated_programmes/collaborative_research_centres/lists/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> four Priority Programs (SPP) with a duration of six years, two Research Units (FOR) with a duration of up to six years, as well as numerous individual projects at the university's faculties and institutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/coordinated_programmes/index.html |title=DFG: Funded projects |access-date=16 May 2008 |publisher=German Research Foundation Homepage |archive-date=14 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080614045543/http://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/coordinated_programmes/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result of the [[German Universities Excellence Initiative]], two Clusters of Excellence are funded with €6.5&nbsp;M each—"''Cellular Networks: From Molecular Mechanisms to Quantitative Understanding of Complex Functions''",<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dfg.de/foerderung/programme/listen/projektdetails/index.jsp?id=24122740 |title=Exzellenzcluster 81 Cellular Networks: From Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms to a Quantitative Understanding of Complex Functions |publisher=DFG – Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |access-date=2 October 2010 |archive-date=25 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525161930/http://www.dfg.de/foerderung/programme/listen/projektdetails/index.jsp?id=24122740 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Cluster of Excellence "Asia and Europe in a Global Context"|"Asia and Europe in a Global Context"]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vjc.uni-hd.de/|title=Cluster of Excellence – Asia and Europe|access-date=16 May 2008|publisher=Heidelberg University|archive-date=17 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717170329/http://www.vjc.uni-hd.de/|url-status=live}}</ref>