Editing Habeas corpus (section)

===United States===
{{Main|Habeas corpus in the United States}}
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The United States inherited ''habeas corpus'' from the [[English common law]]. In England, the writ was issued in the name of the monarch. When the original [[Thirteen Colonies|thirteen American colonies]] declared independence, and became a republic based on popular sovereignty, any person, in the name of the people, acquired authority to initiate such writs.{{dubious|date=August 2023}}{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} The [[United States Constitution|U.S. Constitution]] specifically includes the ''habeas'' procedure in the [[Suspension Clause]] (Clause&nbsp;2), located in [[Article One of the United States Constitution|Article One]], Section&nbsp;9. This states that "The privilege of the writ of ''habeas corpus'' shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it".<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Habeas Corpus |volume=12 |pages=784–786 |first=William Feilden |last=Craies}}</ref>

The writ of ''habeas corpus ad subjiciendum'' is a civil, not criminal, ''[[ex parte]]'' proceeding in which a court inquires as to the legitimacy of a prisoner's custody. Typically, ''habeas corpus'' proceedings are to determine whether the court that imposed sentence on the defendant had jurisdiction and authority to do so, or whether the defendant's sentence has expired. ''Habeas corpus'' is also used as a legal avenue to challenge other types of custody such as pretrial detention or detention by the [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement|United States Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] pursuant to a deportation proceeding.<ref>{{Cite web|editor-last=Kim|editor-first=Jonathan |date=June 2017|title=Habeas Corpus|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/habeas_corpus|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Cornell Law School – Legal Information Institute – Habeas Corpus}}</ref>

Presidents [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[Ulysses Grant]] suspended ''habeas corpus'' during the Civil War and Reconstruction for some places or types of cases.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/od/historicdocuments/a/lincolnhabeas.htm |title=Abraham Lincoln's 1862 Proclamation Suspending Habeas Corpus |publisher=Usgovinfo.about.com |access-date=2013-06-17 |archive-date=25 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625121110/http://usgovinfo.about.com/od/historicdocuments/a/lincolnhabeas.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=70261 |title=Ulysses S. Grant: Proclamation&nbsp;204 – Suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus in the County of Union, South Carolina |publisher=Presidency.ucsb.edu |access-date=2013-06-17}}</ref> During [[World War II]], President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] suspended habeas corpus. Following the [[September 11 attacks]], President [[George W. Bush]] attempted to place [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo Bay]] detainees outside of the jurisdiction of ''habeas corpus'', but the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] overturned this action in ''[[Boumediene v. Bush]]''.