Editing Gastrointestinal tract (section)

===Other related diseases===
* [[Cholera]]
* [[Enteric duplication cyst]]
* [[Giardiasis]]
* [[Pancreatitis]]
* [[Peptic ulcer disease]]
* [[Yellow fever]]
* ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' is a [[gram-negative]] spiral bacterium. Over half the world's population is infected with it, mainly during childhood; it is not certain how the disease is transmitted. It colonizes the gastrointestinal system, predominantly the stomach. The bacterium has specific survival conditions that are specific to the human gastric [[microenvironment (biology)|microenvironment]]: it is both [[capnophile|capnophilic]] and [[microaerophile|microaerophilic]]. ''Helicobacter'' also exhibits a [[tropism]] for gastric epithelial lining and the gastric mucosal layer about it. Gastric colonization of this bacterium triggers a robust immune response leading to moderate to severe [[inflammation]], known as [[gastritis]]. Signs and symptoms of infection are gastritis, burning abdominal pain, weight loss, loss of appetite, bloating, burping, nausea, bloody vomit, and black tarry stools. Infection can be detected in a number of ways: GI X-rays, endoscopy, blood tests for anti-''Helicobacter'' antibodies, a stool test, and a urease breath test (which is a by-product of the bacteria). If caught soon enough, it can be treated with three doses of different proton pump inhibitors as well as two antibiotics, taking about a week to cure. If not caught soon enough, surgery may be required.<ref name=iagcj>{{cite journal|last=Fox|first=James|author2=Timothy Wang|title=Inflammation, Atrophy, and Gastric Cancer|journal=Journal of Clinical Investigation|date=January 2007|volume=117|series=review|issue=1|pages=60–69|doi=10.1172/JCI30111|pmid=17200707|url=|pmc=1716216}}</ref><ref name="my grad advisor">{{cite book|last=Murphy|first=Kenneth|title=Janeway's Immunobiology|date=20 May 2014|publisher=Garland Science, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8153-4243-4|pages=389–398}}</ref><ref name=immu-sys>{{cite book|last=Parham|first=Peter|title=The Immune System|date=20 May 2014|publisher=Garland Science Taylor and Francis Group LLC|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8153-4146-8|page=494}}</ref><ref name=mims-med-microb>{{cite book|last=Goering|first=Richard|title=MIMS Medical Microbiology|date=20 May 2014|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-3230-4475-2|pages=32, 64, 294, 133–4, 208, 303–4, 502}}</ref>
* [[Intestinal pseudoobstruction|Intestinal pseudo-obstruction]] is a syndrome caused by a malformation of the digestive system, characterized by a severe impairment in the ability of the intestines to push and assimilate. Symptoms include daily abdominal and stomach pain, nausea, severe distension, vomiting, heartburn, dysphagia, diarrhea, constipation, dehydration and malnutrition. There is no cure for intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Different types of surgery and treatment managing life-threatening complications such as ileus and volvulus, intestinal stasis which lead to bacterial overgrowth, and resection of affected or dead parts of the gut may be needed. Many patients require parenteral nutrition.
* [[Ileus]] is a blockage of the intestines.
* [[Coeliac disease]] is a common form of [[malabsorption]], affecting up to 1% of people of northern European descent. An autoimmune response is triggered in intestinal cells by digestion of gluten proteins. Ingestion of proteins found in wheat, barley and rye, causes villous atrophy in the small intestine. Lifelong dietary avoidance of these foodstuffs in a gluten-free diet is the only treatment.
* [[Enteroviruses]] are named by their transmission-route through the intestine (''enteric'' meaning intestinal), but their symptoms are not mainly associated with the intestine.
* [[Endometriosis]] can affect the intestines, with similar symptoms to IBS.
* [[Bowel twist]] (or similarly, bowel strangulation) is a comparatively rare event (usually developing sometime after major bowel surgery). It is, however, hard to diagnose correctly, and if left uncorrected can lead to bowel [[infarction]] and death. (The singer [[Maurice Gibb]] is understood to have died from this.)
* [[Angiodysplasia]] of the colon
* [[Constipation]]
* [[Diarrhea]]
* [[Hirschsprung's disease]] (aganglionosis)
* [[Intussusception (medical disorder)|Intussusception]]
* [[Polyp (medicine)]] (see also [[colorectal polyp]])
* [[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
* [[Toxic megacolon]] usually a complication of ulcerative colitis