Editing Galileo (satellite navigation) (section)

=== Full Operational Capability (FOC) satellites ===
{{Main|List of Galileo satellites}}
[[File:Galileo satellite model.jpg|thumb|Model of a Galileo satellite]]

==== FOC Batch 1 ====
On 7 January 2010, it was announced that the contract to build the first 14 FOC satellites was awarded to [[OHB SE|OHB System]] and for the navigation payload to [[Surrey Satellite Technology|Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL)]]. The first batch of Galileo First Generation satellites known as "Batch-1" consists of the Galileo-FOC FM1 to Galileo-FOC FM14 satellites.
Fourteen satellites were built at a cost of €566 million (£510 million; US$811 million).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8442090.stm|title=EU awards Galileo satellite-navigation contracts|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|first=Jonathan|last=Amos|date=7 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sstl.co.uk/media-hub/latest-news/2010/british-company-sstl-wins-key-role-in-europe%E2%80%99s-gal|title=Press Release: SSTL wins key role in Galileo Programme &#124; SSTL|access-date=12 December 2021|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109101949/https://www.sstl.co.uk/media-hub/latest-news/2010/british-company-sstl-wins-key-role-in-europe%E2%80%99s-gal|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Arianespace]] will launch the satellites for a cost of €397 million (£358 million; US$569 million).{{needs update |date=December 2021}} The European Commission also announced that the €85 million contract for system support covering industrial services required by [[European Space Agency|ESA]] for integration and validation of the Galileo system had been awarded to [[Thales Alenia Space]]. Thales Alenia Space subcontract performances to [[EADS Astrium|Astrium GmbH]] and security to [[Thales Group|Thales Communications]].

==== FOC Batch 2 ====
In February 2012, an additional order of 8 FOC satellites was awarded to [[OHB SE|OHB Systems]] for €250 million (US$327 million), after outbidding EADS Astrium tender offer. The second batch of Galileo First Generation satellites known as "Batch-2" consists of the Galileo-FOC FM15 to Galileo-FOC FM22 satellites. Thus bringing the total to 22 FOC satellites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/eu-satellite-contract-idUSL5E8D14XW20120201|title=OHB beats EADS to Galileo satellite contract|newspaper=[[Reuters]]|first=Charlie|last=Dunmore|date=1 February 2012|access-date=1 July 2017|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162028/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/01/eu-satellite-contract-idUSL5E8D14XW20120201|url-status=live}}</ref> The satellites were built by OHB, with the contribution of Surrey Satellite Technology (SSTL).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sstl.co.uk/media-hub/latest-news/2012/sstl-signs-%E2%82%AC80m-contract-with-ohb-for-second-batch|title=SSTL Signs €80, Contract With OHB For Second Batch &#124; SSTL}}</ref>

==== FOC Batch 3 ====
In June and October 2017, two additional orders for 8 and 4 FOC satellites were awarded to OHB Systems for €324 million and €157.75 million. This third and final batch of Galileo First Generation satellites known as "Batch-3" consists of the Galileo-FOC FM23 to Galileo-FOC FM34 satellites. The satellites are being built by OHB in Bremen, Germany, with the contribution of Surrey Satellite Technology (SSTL) in Guildford, United Kingdom.<ref name=eoportal>{{cite web|url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/g/galileo-foc|title=Galileo FOC Series|publisher=eoPortal Directory|access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="batch 3-1">{{cite web|url=https://www.ohb-system.de/press-releases-details/serial-success-ohb-wins-third-tender-for-galileo-satellites.html|title=Serial success: OHB wins third tender for Galileo satellites|publisher=OHB Systems|date=22 June 2017|access-date=11 December 2021|archive-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211115018/https://www.ohb-system.de/press-releases-details/serial-success-ohb-wins-third-tender-for-galileo-satellites.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="batch 3-2">{{cite web|url=https://www.ohb-system.de/press-releases-details/new-contract-award-for-ohb-european-commission-orders-a-further-four-galileo-satellites.html|title=New contract award for OHB: European Commission orders a further four Galileo satellites|publisher=OHB Systems|date=5 October 2017|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=10 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210200333/https://www.ohb-system.de/press-releases-details/new-contract-award-for-ohb-european-commission-orders-a-further-four-galileo-satellites.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sstl.co.uk/media-hub/latest-news/2017/sstl-celebrates-galileo-navigation-payload-order|title=Lift off for 4 Galileo satellites as SSTL celebrates navigation payload order &#124; SSTL}}</ref><ref name="12 things">{{cite web|url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Navigation/12_things_you_never_knew_about_Galileo_satellites|title=12 things you never knew about Galileo satellites|publisher=[[European Space Agency|ESA]]|date=5 December 2021|access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref> When completed Batch-3 brings the total to 34 FOC satellites.

==== FOC launches ====
On 7 May 2014, the first two FOC satellites landed in Guyana for their joint launch planned in summer.<ref>{{cite web|last=|date=7 May 2014|title=Next Galileo satellites arrive at Europe's Spaceport|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/Next_Galileo_satellites_arrive_at_Europe_s_Spaceport|website=European Space Agency (esa.int)}}</ref> Originally planned for launch during 2013, problems tooling and establishing the production line for assembly led to a delay of a year in serial production of Galileo satellites. These two satellites (Galileo satellites GSAT-201 and GSAT-202) were launched on 22 August 2014.<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28860851|title=Europe expands Galileo network|first=Jonathan|last=Amos|date=22 August 2014 |work=BBC News}}</ref> The names of these satellites are Doresa and Milena named after European children who had previously won a drawing contest.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rhian |first=Jason |date=22 August 2014 |title=Doresa and Milena Galileo spacecraft rise into morning sky via Soyuz ST-B |work=Spaceflight Insider |url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/space-flight-news/doresa-milena-rise-night-via-soyuz-st-b-launch-vehicle/ |access-date=17 January 2016 |archive-date=27 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227232630/http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/space-flight-news/doresa-milena-rise-night-via-soyuz-st-b-launch-vehicle/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 23 August 2014, launch service provider Arianespace announced that the [[Soyuz flight VS09|flight VS09]] experienced an anomaly and the satellites were injected into an incorrect orbit.<ref name="VS09initial">{{cite press release|url=http://www.arianespace.com/news-press-release/2014/8-23-2014.asp|title=Galileo satellites experience orbital injection anomaly on Soyuz launch: Initial report|date=23 August 2014|access-date=27 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827023854/http://www.arianespace.com/news-press-release/2014/8-23-2014.asp|archive-date=27 August 2014}}</ref> They ended up in elliptical orbits and thus could not be used for navigation. However, it was later possible to use them to perform a physics experiment, so they were not a complete loss.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gannon|first1=Megan|title=Wayward Satellites Test Einstein's Theory of General Relativity |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/wayward-satellites-test-einsteins-theory-of-general-relativity/|website=Scientific American|publisher=Springer Nature America, Inc.|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>

On 15 December 2016, Galileo started offering Initial Operational Capability (IOC). The services currently offered are Open Service, Public Regulated Service and Search and Rescue Service.<ref name="operational"/>