Editing Franklin D. Roosevelt (section)

====War plans====
[[File:Ww2 allied axis 1942 jun.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Territory controlled by the Allies (blue and red) and the Axis Powers (black) in June 1942]]

In late December 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met at the [[Arcadia Conference]], which established a joint strategy between the U.S. and Britain. Both agreed on a [[Europe first]] strategy that prioritized the defeat of Germany before Japan. The U.S. and Britain established the [[Combined Chiefs of Staff]] to coordinate military policy and the [[Combined Munitions Assignments Board]] to coordinate the allocation of supplies.{{sfn|Smith|2007|pp=545–47}} An agreement was also reached to establish a centralized command in the Pacific theater called [[ABDA]], named for the American, British, [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Dutch]], and [[Australia]]n forces in the theater.{{Sfn|Burns|1970|pp=180–85}} On January 1, 1942, the United States and the other [[Allies of World War II|Allied Powers]] issued the [[Declaration by United Nations]], in which each nation pledged to defeat the Axis powers.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=547}}

In 1942, Roosevelt formed a new body, the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]], which made the final decisions on American military strategy. Admiral [[Ernest J. King]] as [[Chief of Naval Operations]] commanded the Navy and Marines, while General [[George C. Marshall]] led the Army and was in nominal control of the Air Force, which in practice was commanded by General [[Hap Arnold]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Chambers|first=John Whiteclay|title=The Oxford Companion to American Military History|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00cham/page/351|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press, US|isbn=978-0-19-507198-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00cham/page/351 351]}}</ref> The Joint Chiefs were chaired by Admiral [[William D. Leahy]], the most senior officer in the military.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=546}} Roosevelt avoided micromanaging the war and let his top military officers make most decisions.{{sfn|Smith|2007|pp=598–99}} Roosevelt's civilian appointees handled the draft and procurement of men and equipment, but no civilians—not even the secretaries of War or Navy—had a voice in strategy. Roosevelt avoided the State Department and conducted high-level diplomacy through his aides, especially Harry Hopkins, whose influence was bolstered by his control of the Lend-Lease funds.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fullilove|first1=Michael|title=Rendezvous with Destiny: How Franklin D. Roosevelt and Five Extraordinary Men Took America into the War and into the World|date=2013|publisher=Penguin Press|isbn=978-1-59420-435-7|pages=147–49}}</ref>