Editing Foreign relations of India (section)

==Border disputes==
{{Main|List of disputed territories of India}}
India's territorial disputes with neighbouring Pakistan and the People's Republic of China have played a crucial role in its foreign policy. India is also involved in minor [[territorial dispute]]s with neighbouring Bangladesh, Nepal and Maldives. India currently maintains two [[Indian Antarctic Program|manned stations]] in Antarctica but has made some unofficial [[Territorial claims in Antarctica|territorial claims]], which are yet to be clarified.

India is involved in the following border disputes:

;Nepal
Kalapani village of India is claimed by [[Nepal]] and [[Susta territory|Susta]] village in [[Nawalparasi district]] of Nepal is claimed by India.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://scroll.in/article/831576/as-a-river-changed-its-course-a-village-on-the-india-nepal-border-became-disputed-territory|title= As a river changed its course, a village on the India-Nepal border became disputed territory|date= 19 March 2017|access-date= 1 April 2019|archive-date= 1 April 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190401203434/https://scroll.in/article/831576/as-a-river-changed-its-course-a-village-on-the-india-nepal-border-became-disputed-territory|url-status= live}}</ref> The dispute between India and Nepal involves about {{cvt|75|km2|-1}} of area in Kalapani, where China, India, and Nepal meet. Indian forces occupied the area in 1962 after China and India fought their border war. Three villages are located in the disputed zone: Kuti [Kuthi, 30°19'N, 80°46'E], Gunji, and Knabe. India and Nepal disagree about how to interpret the 1816 Sugauli treaty between the British East India Company and Nepal, which delimited the boundary along the Maha Kali River (Sarda River in India). The dispute intensified in 1997 as the Nepali parliament considered a treaty on the hydroelectric development of the river. India and Nepal differ as to which stream constitutes the source of the river. Nepal regards the Limpiyadhura as the source; India claims the Lipu Lekh. Nepal has reportedly tabled an 1856 map from the British India Office to support its position. The countries have held several meetings about the dispute and discussed jointly surveying to resolve the issue.<ref>''The Kathmandu Post'', 16 July 1997, 2 July 1997, 31 May 1996;''The Hindustan Times'' (Delhi), 9 June 1997, p. 13; Xinhua 11 April 1997</ref> Although the Indo-Nepali dispute appears to be minor, it was aggravated in 1962 by tensions between China and India. Because the disputed area lies near the Sino-Indian frontier, it gains strategic value.<ref>[http://www.boundaries.com/India.htm International Boundary Consultants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070407111722/http://www.boundaries.com/India.htm |date=7 April 2007 }}. Boundaries.com. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>

;Pakistan
[[File:Indus river.svg|thumb|Indus and tributaries]]
* The unresolved [[Kashmir conflict]] and the status of Kashmir with India: Pakistan claims that it is a disputed territory with India, meanwhile Pakistan claims its side of the disputed territory and calls it "[[Azad Kashmir]]".
*Dispute over Sir Creek and the [[maritime boundary]] regarding the Rann of Kachchh area of the southern tip of Sindh.
* Water-sharing problems with Pakistan over the Indus River (Wular Barrage). ''([[Indus Waters Treaty]])''

;China
* India claims [[Aksai Chin]] and [[Trans-Karakoram Tract]], as part of [[Ladakh]].
* [[China]] claims most of [[Arunachal Pradesh]], a contested disputed territory of [[north-east India]] by not recognising the [[McMahon Line]].
Two regions are claimed by both India and China. Aksai Chin is in the disputed territory of [[Ladakh]], at the junction of [[India]], [[Tibet]] and [[Xinjiang]], India claims the 38,000-square-kilometre territory, currently administered by China after [[Sino-Indian War]]. India also considers the cessation of [[Trans-Karakoram Tract|Shaksam Valley]] to China by Pakistan as illegal and a part of [[Kashmir conflict|its territory]].
[[Arunachal Pradesh]] is a state of India in the country's northeast, bordering on [[Bhutan]], [[Myanmar|Burma]] and China's [[Tibet]], though it is under Indian administration since [[Simla Accord (1914)|1914]], China claims the 90,000-square-kilometre area as [[South Tibet]]. Also, the boundary between the [[North India]]n states of [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Uttarakhand]] with China's [[Tibet]] is not properly demarcated with some portions under the de facto administration of India.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/china/borderdisputes.html CBC News: China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609100409/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/china/borderdisputes.html |date=9 June 2008 }}. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>