Editing Epilepsy (section)

== Complications ==
Epilepsy can lead to a range of medical, psychological, and social complications, particularly when seizures are frequent or uncontrolled.<ref name="WHO2023" /> One of the most serious risks is injury during a seizure, including falls, [[Burn|burns]], or accidents while [[driving]], [[swimming]], or operating machinery. The risk of [[drowning]] is significantly increased in people with epilepsy, especially those with poor seizure control. [[Aspiration pneumonia]] may also occur during or after seizures, particularly [[Generalized tonic–clonic seizure|generalized tonic–clonic seizures]].

People with epilepsy are at greater risk for [[mental health]] conditions, including [[Depression (mood)|depression]], [[anxiety]], and [[social isolation]]. These challenges are often compounded by [[Social stigma|stigma]], employment difficulties, and driving restrictions. In children, epilepsy — especially when [[Drug-resistant epilepsy|drug-resistant]] — can interfere with [[cognitive development]] and academic performance.

A rare but serious complication is [[sudden unexpected death in epilepsy]] (SUDEP), which is most often associated with uncontrolled generalized tonic–clonic seizures, particularly during sleep.

Medication side effects, including fatigue, mood changes, and cognitive slowing, may also contribute to complications in some individuals. Comprehensive management aims to reduce these risks by achieving seizure control, minimizing adverse effects, and addressing comorbid conditions.