Editing Ellesmere Island (section)

==References==
{{Reflist|2|refs=

<!--history-->

<ref name="McGhee1996">{{cite book
|last=McGhee
|first=Robert
|author-link=Robert McGhee (archaeologist)
|title=Ancient People of the Arctic
|year=1996
|publisher=[[University of British Columbia Press]]
|isbn=978-0-7748-0854-5
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZgOyzzKAzwC
}}</ref>

<ref name="Gullason2004">{{cite journal
|first=Lynda
|last=Gullason
|title=Canadian Arctic Historical Archaeology in Review
|jstor=27768486
|publisher=Pan American Institute of Geography and History
|journal=Revista de Arquelologia Americana
|year=2004
|number=23
|pages=7–93
}}</ref>

<ref name="Sutherland2000">{{cite web
|first=Patricia D.
|last=Sutherland
|title=Strands of Culture Contact: Dorset–Norse Interactions in the Canadian Eastern Arctic
|publisher=[[Canadian Museum of Civilization]]
|year=2000
|url=https://www.historymuseum.ca/learn/research/resources-for-scholars/essays/dorset-norse-interactions-in-the-canadian-eastern-arctic/
|access-date=30 May 2023
|archive-date=4 December 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204073956/https://www.historymuseum.ca/learn/research/resources-for-scholars/essays/dorset-norse-interactions-in-the-canadian-eastern-arctic/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Fjagesund2014">{{cite book
|first=Peter
|last=Fjågesund
|title=The Dream of the North: A Cultural History to 1920
|year=2014
|publisher=Brill
|chapter=The Northern Heyday: 1830–1880
|pages=331–412
|jstor=10.1163/j.ctv2gjwzhs
|isbn=978-90-420-3837-0
}}</ref>

<ref name="EBbaffin">{{cite EB1911
|wstitle=Baffin, William
|volume=3
|page=192
}}</ref>

<ref name="Science1885">{{cite journal
|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]
|first=Franz
|last=Boas
|author-link=Franz Boas
|title=The configuration of Grinnell Land and Ellesmere Land
|date=27 February 1885
|volume=V
|number=108
|pages=170–171
|doi=10.1126/science.ns-5.108.170
|pmid=17799995
|bibcode=1885Sci.....5..170B
|url=https://zenodo.org/records/2037536/files/article.pdf
|access-date=30 May 2023
}}</ref>

<ref name="Smith1961">{{cite journal
|first=Gordon W.
|last=Smith
|title=The Transfer of Arctic Territories from Great Britain to Canada in 1880, and Some Related Matters, as Seen in Official Correspondence
|date=1 January 1961
|journal=[[Arctic (journal)|Arctic]]
|volume=14
|number=1
|pages=53–73
|publisher=Department of History, [[Royal Military College Saint-Jean]]
|location=Saint Jean, Quebec
|url=https://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca//arctic/Arctic14-1-53.pdf
|doi=10.14430/arctic3660
|access-date=30 May 2023
|archive-date=28 November 2022
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128075109/https://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca//arctic/Arctic14-1-53.pdf
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Pharand1983">{{cite journal
|first=Donat
|last=Pharand
|title=Canada's Arctic Jurisdiction in International Law
|date=1 October 1983
|journal=[[Dalhousie Law Journal]]
|volume=7
|issue=3
|pages=315–342
|url=https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1351&context=dlj
|access-date=30 May 2023
|archive-date=13 January 2022
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113055335/https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1351&context=dlj
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Dick">{{cite book
|first=Lyle
|last=Dick
|title=Muskox Land: Ellesmere Island in the Age of Contact
|publisher=[[University of Calgary Press]]
|year=2001
|isbn=978-1-55238-050-5
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=seWk7ZVSE7sC
}}</ref>

<ref name="Schledermann2003">{{cite book
|title=Late Thule culture developments on the central east coast of Ellesmere Island
|last1=Schledermann
|first1=Peter
|last2=McCullough
|first2=Karen Margrethe
|location=Copenhagen, Denmark
|publisher=Danish Polar Center
|year=2003
|isbn=978-87-90369-64-4
}}</ref>

<ref name="canencyc">{{cite encyclopedia
|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ellesmere-island
|title=Ellesmere Island
|encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] (online)
|access-date=April 23, 2009
|archive-date=4 March 2016
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095540/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/ellesmere-island/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<!-- geography -->

<ref name="area">{{cite web
|title=Atlas of Canada – Sea Islands
|publisher=Atlas.nrcan.gc.ca
|date=August 12, 2009
|url=http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/islands.html
|access-date=May 12, 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122002132/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/islands.html
|archive-date=January 22, 2013
}}</ref>

<ref name="KemmickPoles">{{cite news
|first=Ed
|last=Kemmick
|url=http://billingsgazette.com/news/local/researcher-study-of-poles-needed/article_a03b1dec-d2bf-512c-84f0-f6352b5e9e72.html
|title=Researcher: Study of poles needed
|publisher=Billingsgazette.net
|date=October 25, 2007
|access-date=October 25, 2007
|archive-date=15 November 2017
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115143250/http://billingsgazette.com/news/local/researcher-study-of-poles-needed/article_a03b1dec-d2bf-512c-84f0-f6352b5e9e72.html
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="enn">{{cite news
|url=http://www.enn.com/wildlife/article/6859
|title=Northern Canada Ponds Drying Up
|publisher=ENN
|access-date=February 3, 2014
|archive-date=20 February 2014
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220155827/http://www.enn.com/wildlife/article/6859
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<!-- ice shelves-->

<ref name="Jeffries1986">{{cite journal
|last=Jeffries
|first=Martin O.
|url=http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic39-1-15.pdf
|title=Ice Island Calvings and Ice Shelf Changes, Milne Ice Shelf and Ayles Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T
|journal=Arctic
|volume=39
|issue=1
|date=March 1986
|doi=10.14430/arctic2039
|access-date=29 December 2006
|archive-date=28 September 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928113808/http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic39-1-15.pdf
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Smol1994">{{cite journal
|title=Marked Post-18th Century Environmental Change in High-Arctic Ecosystems
|first1=Marianne S. V.
|last1=Douglas
|first2=John P.
|last2=Smol
|first3=Weston Jr.
|last3=Blake
|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]
|date=21 October 1994
|volume=266
|number=5184
|pages=416–419
|publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]
|doi=10.1126/science.266.5184.416
|jstor=2885323
|pmid=17816685
|bibcode=1994Sci...266..416D
}}</ref>

<ref name="Douglas2007">{{cite journal
|title=Crossing the Final Ecological Threshold in High Arctic Ponds
|first1=John P.
|last1=Smol
|first2=Marianne S. V.
|last2=Douglas
|journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] 
|date=24 July 2007
|volume=104
|number=30
|pages=12,395–12,397
|publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]]
|location=Washington, DC
|doi=10.1073/pnas.0702777104
|jstor=25436310
|pmid=17606917
|pmc=1941480
|doi-access=free
|bibcode=2007PNAS..10412395S
}}</ref>

<ref name="Wolken">{{cite journal
|last1=Wolken
|first1=G.
|last2=Sharp
|first2=M.
|last3=Wang
|first3=L.
|title=Snow and ice facies variability and ice layer formation on Canadian Arctic ice caps, 1999–2005
|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research
|volume=114
|issue=F3
|page=3011
|year=2009
|doi=10.1029/2008JF001173
|url=http://arctic.eas.ualberta.ca/downloads/Wolken%20et%20al_2009_Snow%20and%20ice%20facies%20variability%20and%20ice%20layer%20formation%20in%20the%20QEI%201999-2005.pdf
|bibcode=2009JGRF..114.3011W
|doi-access=free
|access-date=3 February 2014
|archive-date=3 March 2016
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183539/http://arctic.eas.ualberta.ca/downloads/Wolken%20et%20al_2009_Snow%20and%20ice%20facies%20variability%20and%20ice%20layer%20formation%20in%20the%20QEI%201999-2005.pdf
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

<ref name="Revkin">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/30/science/earth/30ice.html?_r=3&|title=Arctic Ice Shelf Broke Off Canadian Island|newspaper=New York Times|date=December 30, 2006|first=Andrew C.|last=Revkin|access-date=21 February 2017|archive-date=21 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121160444/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/30/science/earth/30ice.html?_r=3&|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Hattersley-Smith1963">{{cite journal|last1=Hattersley-Smith|first1=G|title=The Ward Hunt Ice Shelf: recent changes of the ice front|journal=Journal of Glaciology|volume=4|issue=34|pages=415–424|year=1963|bibcode=1963JGlac...4..415H|doi=10.1017/S0022143000027830|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Vincent2001">{{cite journal|last1=Vincent|first1=WF|first2=JAE|last2=Gibson|first3=MO|last3=Jeffries|url=http://www.cen.ulaval.ca/warwickvincent/PDFfiles/149.pdf|title=Ice-shelf collapse, climate change, and habitat loss in the Canadian high Arctic|journal=[[Polar Record]]|volume=37|issue=201|pages=133–142|year=2001|doi=10.1017/S0032247400026954|bibcode=2001PoRec..37..133V |s2cid=85551921|access-date=29 December 2006|archive-date=10 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910214656/http://www.cen.ulaval.ca/warwickvincent/PDFfiles/149.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Nasa2004">{{cite web |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/wardhunt/ |title=Breakup of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf |author=NASA Earth Observatory |date=January 20, 2004 |access-date=13 January 2005 |archive-date=16 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916020519/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/wardhunt/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Weber2008">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/News/Canada/article/413838 |title=Cracks in Arctic ice shelf signal its demise |author=Bob Weber, The Canadian Press |work=The Star |location=Toronto |date=April 12, 2008 |access-date=May 1, 2010 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607111111/http://www.thestar.com/News/Canada/article/413838 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="BBC2006">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6218333.stm|work=BBC News|title=Huge Arctic ice break discovered|access-date=February 3, 2014|date=December 29, 2006|archive-date=30 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630025639/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6218333.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BBC2008">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7595441.stm |title=Major ice-shelf loss for Canada |author=BBC News |date=September 3, 2008 |access-date=January 3, 2010 |archive-date=4 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904011401/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7595441.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="White2018">{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326019441|title=Adrienne White and Luke Copland, Area change of glaciers across Northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, between ~1999 and ~2015, Journal of Glaciology, June 2018}}</ref>

<!--Paleontology-->

<ref name="Nathorst1915">{{cite book|last=Nathorst|first=AG|year=1915|title=Tertiare Pflanzenreste Aus Ellesmere-Land. Report of the Second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the Fram, 1898–1902|publisher=The Society of Arts and Sciences of Kristiania|volume=35}}</ref>

<ref name="Kalkreuth1996">{{cite journal|last1=Kalkreuth|first1=WD|first2=CL|last2=Riediger|first3=DJ|last3=McIntyre|first4=RJH|last4=Richardson|first5=MG|last5=Fowler|first6=D|last6=Marchioni|display-authors=4|year=1996|title=Petrological, palynological and geochemical characteristics of Eureka Sound Group coals (Stenkul Fiord, southern Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada)|journal=International Journal of Coal Geology|volume=30|issue=1–2|pages=151–182|doi=10.1016/0166-5162(96)00005-5|bibcode=1996IJCG...30..151K }}</ref>

<ref name="Tedford2003">{{cite journal|last1=Tedford|first1=RH|last2=Harington|first2=CR|year=2003|title=An Arctic mammal fauna from the Early Pliocene of North America|journal=Nature|volume=425|pages=388–390|bibcode=2003Natur.425..388T|doi=10.1038/nature01892|pmid=14508486|issue=6956|s2cid=4429850}}</ref>

<ref name="Ballantyne2010">{{cite journal|last1=Ballantyne|first1=AP|last2=Greenwood|first2=DR|last3=Sinninghe Damste|first3=JSS|last4=Csank|first4=AZ|last5=Eberle|first5=JJ|last6=Rybczynski|first6=N|display-authors=4|year=2010|title=Significantly warmer Arctic surface temperatures during the Pliocene indicated by multiple independent proxies|journal=Geology|volume=38|pages=603–606|doi=10.1130/G30815.1|issue=7|bibcode=2010Geo....38..603B|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Wilford2006">{{cite news |title=Fossil Called Missing Link From Sea to Land Animals |work=The New York Times |date=April 6, 2006 |last=Wilford |first=John Noble |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/06/science/06fossil.html?_r=3& |access-date=21 February 2017 |archive-date=16 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116071944/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/06/science/06fossil.html?_r=3& |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="NGS2011">{{cite magazine|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/09/110912-ancient-fish-arctic-predator-devonian-fossils-animals-science/|title=Ancient Toothy Fish Found in Arctic – Giant Prowled Rivers|author=Christine Dell'Amore|date=September 12, 2011|magazine=National Geographic|access-date=September 13, 2011|archive-date=24 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924085102/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/09/110912-ancient-fish-arctic-predator-devonian-fossils-animals-science/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Milliron1966">Milliron H.E., Oliver D.R. (1966) Bumblebees from northern Ellesmere Island, with observations on usurpation by ''Megabombus hyperboreus'' (Schönh.), Can. Entomol. 98:207–213</ref>

<ref name="Kukal1988">Kukal, Olga (March 24, 1988). [http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/138/1/181.full.pdf "Behavioral Thermoregulation in the Freeze-Tolerant Arctic Caterpillar, ''Gynaephora groenlandica''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706053618/http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/138/1/181.full.pdf |date=6 July 2017 }} (PDF). The Company of Biologists Limited.</ref>

<ref name="Barrio2013">{{Cite journal|last1=Barrio|first1=Isabel C.|last2=Schmidt|first2=B. Christian|last3=Cannings|first3=Sydney|last4=Hik|first4=David S.|date=December 2013|title=First Records of the Arctic Moth ''Gynaephora groenlandica'' (Wocke) South of the Arctic|journal=Arctic|volume=66|issue=4|pages=429–434|doi=10.14430/arctic4329|hdl=10261/142753|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

<!--magnetic pole-->

<ref name="NGDC2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/geomagnetism-frequently-asked-questions |title=Geomagnetism Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=National Geophysical Data Center |access-date=28 April 2018 |archive-date=8 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708054413/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/faqgeom.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="NGDClimit">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/world-magnetic-model|title=World Magnetic Model - Model Limitations|website=www.ngdc.noaa.gov|access-date=24 December 2019|archive-date=12 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212084413/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/WMM/limit.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

<!--population-->

<ref name="2021census">{{cite web
| url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000262
| title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nunavut
| publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]
| date=9 February 2022
| access-date=19 February 2022
| archive-date=27 October 2022
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027081511/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000262
| url-status=live
}}</ref>

<!--in popular culture-->

<ref name="McGrath2007">{{cite book|title=The Long Exile|last=McGrath|first=MJ|publisher=Harper-Collins|year=2007|isbn=978-0-00-715797-6|author-link=M.J. McGrath}}</ref>

<ref name="McGrath2011">{{Cite book|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/mj-mcgrath/white-heat2/|title=White Heat by M.J. McGrath|date=20 July 2011|work=[[Kirkus Reviews]]|access-date=10 December 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031836/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/mj-mcgrath/white-heat2/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Superman">{{cite book |title= Man of Steel: The Official Movie Novelization |last= Cox |first= Greg |author-link= Greg Cox (writer) |year= 2013 |publisher= [[Titan Books]] |location= [[London]] |isbn= 978-1-78116-599-7 |pages= 92, 95, 96–114 |url= https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781781165997 |access-date=29 November 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="BBCWolf">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04ww480|publisher=[[BBC Two]]|title=Snow Wolf Family and Me|access-date=30 December 2014|archive-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226085811/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04ww480|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="KunukDoc">{{Cite web |url=http://www.isuma.tv/isuma-productions/exile-0 |title=Exile Nutaunikut |access-date=29 November 2020 |archive-date=1 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401040013/http://www.isuma.ca/prog?what=24 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}