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Durham, North Carolina
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===Transportation=== [[File:Durhamstationfls.jpg|thumb|[[Durham, North Carolina (Amtrak station)|Durham's Amtrak station]]]] [[File:Downtown Durham Station.jpg|thumb|Downtown Durham Station used by GoDurham and GoTriangle]] {{See also|Durham, North Carolina (Amtrak station)}} Most travel in Durham is by private motor vehicle on its network of public streets and highways. Important arteries for traffic include [[NC 147]], which connects Duke University, downtown, and Research Triangle Park, [[U.S. Route 15 in North Carolina|U.S. 15-501]] between Durham and [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], [[Interstate 85 in North Carolina|I-85]], connecting Durham to Virginia and western North Carolina cities, and I-40 running across southern Durham County between the Research Triangle Park and Chapel Hill. The I-40 corridor has been the main site of commercial and residential development in Durham since its opening in the early 1990s. Over 95% of commuters use a car to get to work, with 14% of those people in carpools. Durham maintains an extensive network of bicycle routes and trails and has been recognized with a Bicycle Friendly Community Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com/view/full_story_news_durham/9550560/article-Cycling-group--Durham--Bicycle-Friendly- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711163639/http://www.heraldsun.com/view/full_story_news_durham/9550560/article-Cycling-group--Durham--Bicycle-Friendly- |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 11, 2011 |title=Cycling group Durham Bicycle Friendly |publisher=The Herald-Sun |access-date=July 15, 2012 }}</ref> The [[American Tobacco Trail]] begins in downtown and continues south through Research Triangle Park and ends in Wake County. The city is also considering furthering the progress on the Triangle Greenway System. Air travel is provided by [[Raleigh–Durham International Airport]], 12 miles southeast of Durham, which enplanes about 4.5 million passengers per year. Frequent service (five flights a day or more) is available to Boston, Charlotte, Philadelphia, New York LaGuardia, New York Kennedy, Newark, Washington Reagan, Washington Dulles, Chicago O'Hare, Dallas, Houston, and Atlanta, GA. Non-stop daily service is provided to approximately 30 destinations in the United States and daily international service is also available to London Heathrow, Toronto-Pearson and Paris Charles de Gaulle. [[Amtrak]] operates the daily ''[[Carolinian (train)|Carolinian]]'' train between Charlotte and New York City, which stops in downtown Durham. The State of North Carolina, in cooperation with Amtrak, operates four additional daily ''[[Piedmont (train)|Piedmont]]'' trains between Raleigh and Charlotte which also stop in Durham. A new Amtrak station was built in 2011 in a former tobacco warehouse. Some of the downtown streets cross the tracks at grade level, while other intersections have grade separation. One downtown [[11 foot 8 Bridge|railroad underpass]] has attracted national media coverage because it provided only 11 feet 8 inches of clearance, damaging the roofs of many trucks.<ref name="indy">{{cite news |title = A Little off the Top: Durham's 'Canopener Bridge' Makes the Front Page of the ''Wall Street Journal'' |date = January 6, 2016 |work = [[Indy Week]] |first = Danny |last = Hooley |access-date = January 8, 2016 |url = http://www.indyweek.com/news/archives/2016/01/06/a-little-off-the-top-durhams-canopener-bridge-makes-the-front-page-of-the-wall-street-journal |archive-date = January 9, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160109022925/http://www.indyweek.com/news/archives/2016/01/06/a-little-off-the-top-durhams-canopener-bridge-makes-the-front-page-of-the-wall-street-journal |url-status = dead }}</ref> On October 26, 2019, the underpass was temporarily closed to both automotive and train traffic so that the track could be raised to improve the railway grade in that location and increase the clearance underneath to 12 feet 4 inches.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chin |first=Chris |date=October 21, 2019 |title=Famously Low '11-Foot-8' Bridge Will Be Raised by Eight Inches to Stop the Carnage |url=https://www.thedrive.com/news/30524/famously-low-11-foot-8-bridge-will-be-raised-by-eight-inches-to-stop-the-carnage/ |access-date=August 16, 2024 |website=The Drive}}</ref> Nonetheless, a few accidents still occur.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boingboing.net/2019/11/30/can-opener-bridge-recently-ra.html |title=Can-opener bridge, recently raised 8 inches, claims another victim |first=Mark |last=Frauenfelder |date=November 30, 2019 |access-date=December 30, 2019 |work=[[Boing Boing]] |archive-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230160319/https://boingboing.net/2019/11/30/can-opener-bridge-recently-ra.html |url-status=live }}</ref> National bus service is provided by [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] and [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] at the Durham Transit Station in downtown Durham, which opened in 2009. [[GoDurham]] provides municipal bus service. [[File:TSPT021 Durham Station Transportation Center DiscoverDurham.jpg|thumb|left|Durham Station Transportation Center]] [[GoTriangle]] offers scheduled, fixed-route regional and commuter bus service between Raleigh and the region's other principal cities of Durham, [[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]] and [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], as well as to and from the Raleigh–Durham International Airport, [[Research Triangle Park]] and several of the region's larger suburban communities. GoTriangle also coordinates an extensive [[vanpool]] and [[carpool|rideshare]] program that serves the region's larger employers and commute destinations. From 1995, the cornerstone of GoTriangle's long-term plan was a {{convert|28|mi|km|adj=on}} rail corridor from northeast [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], through downtown Raleigh, [[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]], and [[Research Triangle Park]], to Durham using [[Diesel multiple unit|DMU]] technology. There were proposals to extend this corridor {{convert|7|mi|km}} to [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]] with [[light rail]] technology. However, in 2006 Triangle Transit deferred implementation indefinitely when the [[Federal Transit Administration]] declined to fund the program. Government agencies throughout the Raleigh–Durham metropolitan area have struggled to determine the best means of providing fixed-rail transit service for the region. The project was cancelled 2019 with costs more than $157 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-30 |title=As the Triangle's job market booms, is the area ready for a commuter rail? Transportation leader says 'yes' |url=https://abc11.com/raleigh-train-station-railroad-railway-metro/10560587/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=ABC11 Raleigh–Durham |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2022 |title=GoTriangle report details spending of $157 million on failed Durham-Orange light rail |url=https://www.wral.com/story/gotriangle-report-details-spending-of-157-million-on-failed-durham-orange-light-rail/20262149/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-27 |title=North Carolina's Triangle Questions How Best to Connect a Multipolar Region |url=https://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2010/01/27/north-carolinas-triangle-questions-how-best-to-connect-a-multipolar-region/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=The Transport Politic |language=en-US}}</ref> The region's two [[metropolitan planning organization]]s appointed a group of local citizens in 2007 to reexamine options for future transit development in light of Triangle Transit's problems. The Special Transit Advisory Commission (STAC) retained many of the provisions of Triangle Transit's original plan, but recommended adding new bus services and raising additional revenues by adding a new local half-cent sales tax to fund the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transitblueprint.org/stac.shtml |title=Regional Transit Infrastructure Blueprint |publisher=Transitblueprint.org |date=May 21, 2008 |access-date=July 15, 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106111406/http://www.transitblueprint.org/stac.shtml |archive-date=November 6, 2011 }}</ref> [[Duke University]] also maintains its own transit system. Duke Transit operates more than 30 buses, with routes throughout the campus and health system. Duke campus buses and vans have alternate schedules or do not operate during breaks and holidays. To help create safer roadways for vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians, drivers can enroll in Durham's [[Pace Car Program]], agreeing to drive the speed limit, stop at all stop signs, stop at all red lights, and stop to let pedestrians cross the street.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.douthit.biz/docs/pace_car_brochure.pdf |title=City of Durham Pace Car Project |publisher=Douthit and Company |access-date=2017-02-24}}</ref>
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