Editing Dairy (section)

==Associated diseases==
Dairy products manufactured under unsanitary or unsuitable conditions have an increased chance of containing bacteria. Proper [[sanitation]] practices help to reduce the rate of bacterial contamination, and [[pasteurisation]] greatly decreases the amount of contaminated milk that reaches the consumer. Many countries have required government oversight and regulations regarding dairy production, including requirements for [[pasteurisation]].
* [[Leptospirosis]] is an infection that can be transmitted to people who work in dairy production sites through exposure to urine or to contaminated water or soil.<ref>{{cite web | title = Leptospirosis in Cattle | publisher = [[National Animal Disease Information Service]] (UK) | url = http://www.nadis.org.uk/bulletins/leptospirosis-in-cattle.aspx | access-date = 7 June 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140619205649/http://www.nadis.org.uk/bulletins/leptospirosis-in-cattle.aspx | archive-date = 19 June 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Causes of leptospirosis | publisher = National Health Service (UK) | url = http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Leptospirosis/Pages/causes.aspx | access-date = 7 June 2014 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140512204135/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Leptospirosis/Pages/Causes.aspx | archive-date = 12 May 2014 }}</ref>
* [[Cowpox]] is a virus that today is rarely found in either cows or humans. It is a historically important disease, as it led to the first vaccination against the now eradicated [[smallpox]].
* [[Tuberculosis]] can be transmitted from cattle, mainly via milk products that are [[unpasteurised]]. The disease has been eradicated from many countries by testing for the disease and culling suspected animals.
* [[Brucellosis]] is a bacterial disease transmitted to humans by dairy products and direct animal contact. Brucellosis has been eradicated from certain countries by testing for the disease and culling suspected animals.
* [[Listeria monocytogenes|Listeria]] is a bacterial disease associated with [[unpasteurised]] milk, and can affect some cheeses made in traditional ways. Careful observance of the traditional cheesemaking methods achieves reasonable protection for the consumer.
* [[Crohn's disease]] has been linked to infection with the bacterium [[Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis|''M. paratuberculosis'']],<ref>{{cite journal | last = Hermon-Taylor | first = John | title = Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Crohn's disease and the Doomsday scenario | journal = Gut Pathogens | volume = 1 | issue = 15 | publisher = BioMed Central | date = 14 July 2009 | page = 15 | doi = 10.1186/1757-4749-1-15 | pmid=19602288 | pmc=2718892 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid17445316">{{cite journal |author=Uzoigwe JC |author2=Khaitsa ML |author3=Gibbs PS |title=Epidemiological evidence for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as a cause of Crohn's disease |journal=Epidemiol. Infect. |volume=135 |issue=7 |pages=1057–68 |date=October 2007 |pmid=17445316 |doi=10.1017/S0950268807008448 |pmc=2870686}}</ref><ref name="pmid16306778">{{cite journal | author = Naser SA | author2 = Collins MT | title = Debate on the lack of evidence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease | journal = Inflamm. Bowel Dis. | volume = 11 | issue = 12 | page = 1123 |date=December 2005 | pmid = 16306778 | doi = 10.1097/01.MIB.0000191609.20713.ea | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Glubb DM | author2 = Gearry RB | author3 = Barclay ML | author4 = Roberts RL | author5 = Pearson J | author6 = Keenan JI | author7 = McKenzie J | author8 = Bentley RW | title = ''NOD2'' and ''ATG16L1'' polymorphisms affect monocyte responses in Crohn's disease | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 17 | issue = 23 | pages = 2829–37 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21734790 | pmc = 3120942 |doi = 10.3748/wjg.v17.i23.2829  |doi-broken-date = 1 November 2024  |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paratuberculosis.info/web/images/proc11/108.pdf|title=NOD2 MEDIATES HOST RESISTANCE TO MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS INFECTION|author1=Lalande JD|author2=Behr M|location=[[McGill University]]|website=Paratuberculosos.info|access-date=20 November 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219234544/http://www.paratuberculosis.info/web/images/proc11/108.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2013}}</ref> which has been found in pasteurised retail milk in the UK and the USA.<ref>{{Cite journal | title = Detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in retail pasteurized whole milk by two culture methods and PCR. | pmid=15895728 | date = May 2005 | publisher = Journal of Food Protection, United States | volume=68 | issue=5 | journal=J. Food Prot. | pages=966–72 | author=Ellingson JL | author2=Anderson JL | author3=Koziczkowski JJ| doi=10.4315/0362-028x-68.5.966 |display-authors=etal| doi-access=free }}</ref> ''M. paratuberculosis'' causes a similar disorder, [[Johne's disease]], in livestock.