Editing Copenhagen (section)

===Architecture===
{{See also|Architecture in Copenhagen|Listed buildings in Copenhagen Municipality|List of buildings in and around Copenhagen}}
{{multiple image
|align=right
|direction=vertical
|width=200
|image1=Nyhavn copenhagen.jpg
|caption1=[[Nyhavn]] is a 17th-century waterfront lined by brightly coloured townhouses.
|image2=Amagertorv kbh.jpg
|caption2=The central square, [[Amagertorv]], dates back to the Middle Ages.
|image3=Nørrebrogade No 57.jpg
|caption3=Classic building in Copenhagen from around the 1890s. Areas like [[Vesterbro, Copenhagen|Vesterbro]], [[Nørrebro]] and [[Østerbro]] were developed around 1890.
}}

The oldest section of Copenhagen's [[inner city]] is often referred to as {{Lang|da|Middelalderbyen}} (the [[medieval]] city).<ref>{{cite web|title=København – byen ved vandet&nbsp;...|url=http://www.guides.dk/Turforslag/Bytur-i-Koebenhavn.html|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Guides.dk|language=da|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212233151/http://www.guides.dk/Turforslag/Bytur-i-Koebenhavn.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the city's most distinctive district is [[Frederiksstaden]], developed during the reign of [[Frederick V of Denmark|Frederick V]]. It has the [[Amalienborg]] Palace at its centre and is dominated by the dome of [[Frederik's Church]] (or the Marble Church) and several elegant 18th-century [[Rococo]] mansions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Frederiksstad with Amalienborg|url=http://www.verdensarv.dk/english/candidates/frederiksstad-with-amalienborg/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214204614/http://www.verdensarv.dk/english/candidates/frederiksstad-with-amalienborg/|archive-date=14 December 2013|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Kultur Styrelsen}}</ref> The inner city includes [[Slotsholmen]], a little island on which [[Christiansborg Palace]] stands and [[Christianshavn]] with its canals.<ref>{{cite web|title=Copenhagen city centre|url=http://www.visitcopenhagen.com/copenhagen/sightseeing/copenhagen-city-centre|access-date=20 November 2013|publisher=Visit Copenhagen|archive-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109170501/http://www.visitcopenhagen.com/copenhagen/sightseeing/copenhagen-city-centre|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Børsen]] on Slotsholmen and [[Frederiksborg Palace]] in Hillerød are prominent examples of the [[Dutch Renaissance]] style in Copenhagen. Around the historical city centre lies a band of congenial residential boroughs ([[Vesterbro, Copenhagen|Vesterbro]], [[Nørrebro|Inner Nørrebro]], [[Indre Østerbro|Inner Østerbro]]) dating mainly from late 19th century. They were built outside the old ramparts when the city was finally allowed to expand beyond its fortifications.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lidt Nørrebro-historie|url=http://www.noerrebrolokalhistorie.dk/historie.php|access-date=21 November 2013|publisher=Nørrebro Lokalhistoriske Forening og Arkiv|language=da|archive-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005160238/http://noerrebrolokalhistorie.dk/historie.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sometimes referred to as "the City of Spires", Copenhagen is known for its horizontal skyline, broken only by the spires and towers of its churches and castles. Most characteristic of all is the [[Baroque]] spire of the [[Church of Our Saviour, Copenhagen|Church of Our Saviour]] with its narrowing external spiral stairway that visitors can climb to the top.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Vor Frelsers Kirke (København)|encyclopedia=Den Store Danske|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Arkitektur/Danske_kirker/Vor_Frelsers_Kirke|language=da|access-date=21 November 2013|archive-date=9 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109054559/http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Arkitektur/Danske_kirker/Vor_Frelsers_Kirke|url-status=live}}</ref> Other important spires are those of [[Christiansborg Palace]], the [[Copenhagen City Hall|City Hall]] and the former Church of St. Nikolaj that now houses a [[modern art]] venue. Not quite so high are the [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] spires of [[Rosenborg Castle]] and the "dragon spire" of [[Børsen|Christian IV's former stock exchange]], so named because it resembles the intertwined tails of four dragons.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Knud Kapper Hansen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F5hqGQAACAAJ|title=Tårne, spir og kupler: om Københavns og Frederiksbergs karakteristiske tårnlandskab|publisher=Tårngruppen|year=1995|access-date=29 October 2015|archive-date=30 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530142329/https://books.google.com/books?id=F5hqGQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

Copenhagen is recognised globally as an exemplar of best practice [[urban planning]].<ref>{{cite web|date=19 April 2015|title=A Brief History of Urban Planning in Copenhagen|url=http://www.scandinaviastandard.com/a-brief-look-at-urban-planning-in-copenhagen/|access-date=9 May 2017|website=Scandinavia Standard|archive-date=14 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514215401/http://www.scandinaviastandard.com/a-brief-look-at-urban-planning-in-copenhagen/|url-status=live}}</ref> Its thriving mixed use city centre is defined by striking contemporary architecture, engaging public spaces and an abundance of human activity. These design outcomes have been deliberately achieved through careful replanning in the second half of the 20th century.

Recent years have seen a boom in modern architecture in Copenhagen<ref name="baumeister1">{{cite web|url=http://www.baumeister.de/|title=B1 Kopenhagen entdecken|publisher=Baumeister – Zeitschrift für Architektur|year=2009|language=de|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=6 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106233740/https://www.baumeister.de/|url-status=live}}</ref> both for [[Architecture of Denmark|Danish architecture]] and for works by international architects. For a few hundred years, virtually no foreign architects had worked in Copenhagen, but since the turn of the millennium the city and its immediate surroundings have seen buildings and projects designed by top international architects. British design magazine ''[[Monocle (2007 magazine)|Monocle]]'' named Copenhagen the ''World's best design city 2008''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/copenhagen-probably-the-best-city-in-the-world-842782.html|title=World's best design city 2008|work=The Independent|location=UK|first=Emily|last=Dugan|date=9 June 2008|access-date=26 August 2017|archive-date=21 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621160622/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/copenhagen-probably-the-best-city-in-the-world-842782.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Copenhagen's urban development in the first half of the 20th century was heavily influenced by industrialisation. After World War II, Copenhagen Municipality adopted [[Fordism]] and repurposed its medieval centre to facilitate private automobile infrastructure in response to innovations in transport, trade and communication.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=New City Spaces|last=Gehl|first=Jan|publisher=Danish Architectural Press|year=2000|location=Copenhagen|page=13}}</ref> Copenhagen's spatial planning in this time frame was characterised by the separation of land uses: an approach which requires residents to travel by car to access facilities of different uses.<ref>{{Cite book|title=New City Spaces|last=Gehl|first=Jan|publisher=Danish Architectural Press|year=2000|location=Copenhagen|page=17}}</ref>

The boom in urban development and [[modern architecture]] has brought some changes to the city's skyline. A political majority has decided to keep the historical centre free of high-rise buildings, but several areas will see or have already seen massive urban development. [[Ørestad]] now has seen most of the recent development. Located near [[Copenhagen Airport]], it currently boasts one of the largest malls in Scandinavia and a variety of office and residential buildings as well as the [[IT University of Copenhagen|IT University]] and a high school.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orestad.dk/~/media/Orestad/pdf/Copenhagen-Growing_web.ashx|title=Copenhagen growing|publisher=By&Havn|access-date=21 November 2013|archive-date=26 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326183136/http://www.orestad.dk/~/media/Orestad/pdf/Copenhagen-Growing_web.ashx|url-status=live}}</ref>