Editing Cisco (section)

=== Firewall backdoor developed by NSA ===
According to the German magazine ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' the NSA has developed JETPLOW for gaining access to ASA (series 5505, 5510, 5520, 5540 and 5550) and 500-series PIX Firewalls.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Interactive graphics: the spy tools of the NSA are sitting here|url=http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/netzpolitik/interaktive-grafik-hier-sitzen-die-spaeh-werkzeuge-der-nsa-a-941030.html|magazine=Der Spiegel|access-date=January 11, 2014}}</ref>

Cisco's Chief Security Officer addressed the allegations publicly and denied working with any government to weaken Cisco products for exploitation or to implement security backdoors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Comment on Der Spiegel articles about NSA TAO Organization|url=http://blogs.cisco.com/news/comment-on-der-spiegel-articles-about-nsa-tao-organization/|publisher=Cisco.com|access-date=December 29, 2013}}</ref>

A document included in the trove of National Security Agency files released with Glenn Greenwald's book ''No Place to Hide'' details how the agency's [[Tailored Access Operations]] (TAO) unit and other NSA employees intercept servers, routers and other network gear being shipped to organizations targeted for surveillance and install covert firmware onto them before they are delivered. These Trojan horse systems were described by an NSA manager as being "some of the most productive operations in TAO because they pre-position access points into hard target networks around the world."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2014/05/photos-of-an-nsa-upgrade-factory-show-cisco-router-getting-implant/|title=NSA "upgrade" factory show Cisco router getting implant|date=May 14, 2014 }}</ref>

Cisco denied the allegations in a customer document<ref>{{cite web|title=Customer Recommendations: Securing Your Network|url=http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/customer-rec-secure-ntwk.html|publisher=Cisco.com|access-date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> saying that no information was included about specific Cisco products, supply chain intervention or implant techniques, or new security vulnerabilities. Cisco's general counsel also said that Cisco does not work with any government, including the United States government, to weaken its products.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.cisco.com/news/internet-security-necessary-for-global-technology-economy// |title=Internet Security Necessary for Global Technology Economy |publisher=Cisco.com|access-date=May 13, 2014}}</ref> The allegations are reported to have prompted the company's CEO to express concern to the President of the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://recode.net/2014/05/18/in-letter-to-obama-cisco-ceo-complains-about-nsa-allegations/ |title= In Letter to Obama, Cisco CEO Complains About NSA Allegations|date= May 18, 2014|publisher=Re/Code|access-date=May 18, 2014}}</ref> Whistle blowers like [[Edward Snowden]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Snyder |first1=Bill |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |date=May 15, 2014 |orig-date= |title=Snowden: The NSA planted backdoors in Cisco products |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2608141/snowden--the-nsa-planted-backdoors-in-cisco-products.html |publisher=[[InfoWorld]] |publication-date=May 15, 2014 |agency=IDG Communications, Inc. |access-date=November 18, 2022 |url-access= |quote= }}</ref> and journalist reporter [[Julian Assange]] have echoed similar sentiments publicly.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 29, 2017 |title=A scramble at Cisco exposes uncomfortable truths about U.S. cyber defense |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cyber-defense/a-scramble-at-cisco-exposes-uncomfortable-truths-about-u-s-cyber-defense-idUSKBN17013U |editor1-last=Menn |editor1-first=Joseph |publisher=Reuters |publication-date=March 29, 2017 |agency=The Thomson Reuters |access-date=November 18, 2022 |url-access= |quote= }}</ref>