Editing Cheetah (section)

===In captivity===
[[File:STL Cheetah.jpg|right|thumb|A cheetah at the [[St. Louis Zoo]]|alt=A captive cheetah resting on the ground]]

The first cheetah to be brought into captivity in a zoo was at the [[Zoological Society of London]] in 1829. Early captive cheetahs showed a high mortality rate, with an average lifespan of 3–4 years. After trade of wild cheetahs was delimited by the enforcement of CITES in 1975, more efforts were put into breeding in captivity; in 2014 the number of captive cheetahs worldwide was estimated at 1730 individuals, with 87% born in captivity.<ref name=marker1/><ref name=marker22>{{cite book |editor1=Marker, L. |editor2=Boast, L. K. |editor3=Schmidt-Kuentzel, A. |title=Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation |date=2018 |publisher=Academic Press |location=London |isbn=978-0-12-804088-1|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321362072 |chapter=History of cheetahs in zoos and demographic trends through managed captive breeding programs |last1=Marker |first1=L. |last2=Vannelli |first2=K. |last3=Gusset |first3=M. |last4=Versteege |first4=L. |last5=Meeks |first5=K. Z. |last6=Wielebnowski |first6=N. |last7=Louwman |first7=J. |last8=Louwman |first8=H. |last9=Lackey |first9=L. B.|name-list-style=amp |pages=309–322|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=5 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505152829/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321362072_History_of_Cheetahs_in_Zoos_and_Demographic_Trends_Through_Managed_Captive_Breeding_Programs|url-status=live}}</ref>

Mortality under captivity is generally high; in 2014, 23% of the captive cheetahs worldwide died under one year of age, mostly within a month of birth.<ref name=marker22/> Deaths result from several reasons—stillbirths, birth defects, [[Cannibalism in zoology|cannibalism]], [[hypothermia]], maternal neglect, and infectious diseases.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Laurenson |first1=M. K. |last2=Wielebnowski |first2=N. |last3=Caro |first3=T. M. |name-list-style=amp |title=Extrinsic factors and juvenile mortality in cheetahs |journal=[[Conservation Biology (journal)|Conservation Biology]] |year=1995 |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=1329–1331 |jstor=2387078 |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051327.x-i1 |pmid=34261268}}</ref> Compared to other felids, cheetahs need specialised care because of their higher vulnerability to stress-induced diseases; this has been attributed to their low genetic variability and factors of captive life.<ref name=marker25>{{cite book |editor1=Marker, L. |editor2=Boast, L. K. |editor3=Schmidt-Kuentzel, A. |title=Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation |date=2018 |publisher=Academic Press |location=London |isbn=978-0-12-804088-1 |chapter=Diseases impacting captive and free-ranging cheetahs |last1=Terio |first1=K. A. |last2=Mitchell |first2=E. |last3=Walzer |first3=C. |last4=Schmidt-Küntzel |first4=A. |last5=Marker |first5=L. |last6=Citino |first6=S. |pages=349–364 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-804088-1.00025-3 |pmc=7148644 |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Common diseases of cheetahs include [[feline herpesvirus]], feline infectious peritonitis, [[gastroenteritis]], [[glomerulosclerosis]], [[leukoencephalopathy]], [[myelopathy]], [[nephrosclerosis]] and [[veno-occlusive disease]].<ref name=marker25/><ref name=munson>{{cite journal |last1=Munson |first1=L. |title=Diseases of captive cheetahs (''Acinonyx jubatus''): results of the cheetah research council pathology survey, 1989–1992 |journal=Zoo Biology |year=1993 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=105–124 |doi=10.1002/zoo.1430120110}}</ref> High density of cheetahs in a place, closeness to other large carnivores in enclosures, improper handling, exposure to public and frequent movement between zoos can be sources of stress for cheetahs. Recommended management practices for cheetahs include spacious and ample access to outdoors, stress minimisation by exercise and limited handling, and following proper hand-rearing protocols (especially for pregnant females).<ref name=marker24>{{cite book |editor1=Marker, L. |editor2=Boast, L. K. |editor3=Schmidt-Kuentzel, A. |title=Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation |date=2018 |publisher=Academic Press |location=London |isbn=978-0-12-804088-1 |chapter=Clinical management of captive cheetahs |name-list-style=amp |last1=Woc Colburn |first1=A. M. |last2=Sanchez |first2=C. R. |last3=Citino |first3=S. |last4=Crosier |first4=A. E. |last5=Murray |first5=S. |last6=Kaandorp |first6=J. |last7=Kaandorp |first7=C. |last8=Marker |first8=L. |pages=335–347 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-804088-1.00024-1 |pmc=7150109}}</ref>

Wild cheetahs are far more successful breeders than captive cheetahs;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marker |first1=L. |last2=O'Brien |first2=S. J. |title=Captive breeding of the cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus'') in North American zoos (1871–1986) |journal=Zoo Biology |year=1989 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=3–16 |doi=10.1002/zoo.1430080103 |pmc=7165511 |name-list-style=amp |url=http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/M/Marker_%26_OBrien_1989_North_American_cheetah_propagation.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016 |archive-date=15 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815070838/http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/M/Marker_%26_OBrien_1989_North_American_cheetah_propagation.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> this has also been linked to increased stress levels in captive individuals.<ref name=marker25/> In a study in the Serengeti, females were found to have a 95% success rate in breeding, compared to 20% recorded for North American captive cheetahs in another study.<ref name=fcr>{{cite journal |last1=Laurenson |first1=M. K. |author2=Caro, T. M. |author3=Borner, M. |title=Female cheetah reproduction |name-list-style=amp |journal=National Geographic Research and Exploration |year=1992 |volume=8 |issue=1002 |pages=64–75 |url=http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/L/Laurenson_et_al_1992_Cheetah_reproduction.pdf |access-date=24 March 2016 |archive-date=12 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812015135/http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/L/Laurenson_et_al_1992_Cheetah_reproduction.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Donoghue |first1=A. M. |last2=Howard |first2=J. G. |last3=Byers |first3=A. P. |last4=Goodrowe |first4=K. L. |last5=Bush |first5=M. |last6=Bloomer |first6=E. |last7=Lukas |first7=J. |last8=Stover |first8=J. |last9=Snodgrass |first9=K. |last10 = Wildt |first10 = D. E. |title=Correlation of sperm viability with gamete interaction and fertilization ''in vitro'' in the cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus'') |journal=[[Biology of Reproduction]] |year=1992 |volume=46 |issue=6 |pages=1047–1056 |doi=10.1095/biolreprod46.6.1047 |pmid=1391303 |doi-access=free |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> On 26&nbsp;November 2017, a female cheetah gave birth to eight cubs at the [[Saint Louis Zoo]], setting a record for the most births recorded by the [[Association of Zoos and Aquariums]].<ref>{{cite news |author=News staff |title=St. Louis Zoo cheetah gives birth to record eight cubs |url=http://www.fox13news.com/trending/st-louis-zoo-cheetah-record-eight-cubs |website=Fox13 |access-date=19 April 2019 |date=2018 |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162455/http://www.fox13news.com/trending/st-louis-zoo-cheetah-record-eight-cubs |url-status=live}}</ref> Chances of successful mating in captive males can be improved by replicating social groups such as coalitions observed in the wild.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chadwick |first1=C. L. |last2=Rees |first2=P. A. |last3=Stevens-Wood |first3=B. |title=Captive-housed male cheetahs (''Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii'') form naturalistic coalitions: measuring associations and calculating chance encounters |journal=Zoo Biology |date=2013 |name-list-style=amp |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=518–527 |doi=10.1002/zoo.21085 |pmid=23813720 |url=https://www.academia.edu/5939215 |access-date=25 October 2021 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328023124/https://www.academia.edu/5939215 |url-status=live}}</ref>