Editing Central Powers (section)

== Nations supported by the Central Powers ==
States listed in this section were not officially members of the Central Powers. Still, during the war, they cooperated with one or more Central Powers members on a level that makes their neutrality disputable.

=== Ethiopia ===
[[File:Iyasu in a Muslim Turban.png|thumb|upright|[[Iyasu V|Lij Iyasu]], ruler of [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethiopia]] until 1916 pictured in his Ottoman-style turban with governor [[Abdullahi Sadiq]]]]
The [[Ethiopian Empire]] was officially neutral throughout World War I but widely suspected of sympathy for the Central Powers between 1915 and 1916. At the time, Ethiopia was one of only two fully independent states in Africa (the other being [[Liberia]]) and a major power in the [[Horn of Africa]]. Its ruler, [[Iyasu V|Lij Iyasu]], was widely suspected of harbouring pro-Islamic sentiments and being sympathetic to the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bekele |first=Shiferaw |title=The First World War from Tripoli to Addis Ababa |publisher=[[Centre français des études éthiopiennes]] |year=2018 |pages=37–58}}</ref> The German Empire also attempted to reach out to Iyasu, dispatching several unsuccessful expeditions to the region to attempt to encourage it to collaborate in an [[Arab Revolt]]-style uprising in East Africa. One of the unsuccessful expeditions was led by [[Leo Frobenius]], a celebrated ethnographer and personal friend of Kaiser Wilhelm II. Under Iyasu's directions, Ethiopia probably supplied weapons to the Muslim Dervish rebels during the [[Somaliland Campaign]] of 1915 to 1916, indirectly helping the Central Powers' cause.<ref name=EthiopiaBBC>{{cite news |title=How Ethiopian prince scuppered Germany's WW1 plans |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-37428682 |access-date=22 October 2018 |publisher=BBC News |date=25 September 2016}}</ref>

The Allies jointly pressured the aristocracy for the designated emperor's removal on the 10th of September, 1916 stating he was a threat to both the Allies and Ethiopia.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dilebo |first1=Getahun |title=Emperor Menelik's Ethiopia, 1865–1916 National Unification Or Amhara Communal Domination |date=1986 |quote=Therefore, on September 10, 1916, the allied diplomats collectively demanded Shawan chiefs and ministers to eliminate Lig Eyasu as a security risk for Ethiopia and the allies. |publisher=UMI Howard University |page=244 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z11BnQEACAAJ}}</ref> Fearing the rising influence of Iyasu and the Ottoman Empire, the Christian nobles of Ethiopia conspired against Iyasu. Iyasu was first excommunicated by the [[List of Abunas of Ethiopia|Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarch]] and eventually deposed in a coup d'état on 27 September 1916. A less pro-Ottoman regent, ''Ras'' [[Tafari Makonnen]], was installed on the throne.<ref name=EthiopiaBBC/>

=== Liechtenstein ===
{{Further information|Liechtenstein during World War I}}[[File:Imhof_Leopold.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[Leopold Freiherr von Imhof]], [[List of heads of government of Liechtenstein|Governor of Liechtenstein]] from 1914 to 1918]]
Liechtenstein was officially neutral throughout World War I, though the general population and government was supportive of the Central Powers, particularly [[Austria-Hungary]], with which the two countries had been in a [[customs union]] since 1852. However, from September 1914 food deliveries from Austria-Hungary began to decrease, which quickly soured the initial war support.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Quaderer |first=Rupert |author-link=Rupert Quaderer |date=31 December 2011 |title=Erster Weltkrieg |url=https://historisches-lexikon.li/Erster_Weltkrieg |access-date=28 September 2023 |website=[[Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein]] |language=de}}</ref> By 1916 all food deliveries from Austria-Hungary had ceased, which forced Liechtenstein to seek closer ties with Switzerland in order to ensure food deliveries continued.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 March 1915 |title=10,000 Neutrals Starving; Swiss Government Sends Food to Liechtenstein Population. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/03/21/archives/10000-neutrals-starving-swiss-government-sends-food-to.html |access-date=6 October 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> From 1916, Liechtenstein was embargoed by the Entente countries due to its connections with the Central Powers; this caused mass unemployment in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marxer |first=Roland |date=31 December 2011 |title=Neutralität |url=https://historisches-lexikon.li/Neutralität |access-date=28 September 2023 |website=[[Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein]] |language=de}}</ref> The government remained sympathetic to the Central Powers until 7 November 1918, when the [[November 1918 Liechtenstein putsch]] took place and a new government took power.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Quaderer |first=Rupert |author-link=Rupert Quaderer |date=31 December 2011 |title=Novemberputsch 1918 |url=https://historisches-lexikon.li/Novemberputsch_1918 |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=[[Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein]] |language=de}}</ref>

=== Upper Asir ===
[[Sheikdom of Upper Asir|Upper Asir]], a sheikdom in Arabia, revolted away from [['Asir Province|Asir]] in 1916, possibly with [[Kingdom of Hejaz|Hejazi]] aid.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Bang |first=Anne K. |title=The Idrisi State in Asir: Politics, Religion and Prestige in Arabia |date=1997 |publisher=[[C. Hurst & Co]] |isbn=978-1-85065-306-6 |series= |location=[[London]]}}</ref> It was led by [[Hassan bin Ali al-Aidh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jean-Marc |first=Merklin |title=w.ethnia.org |url=http://w.ethnia.org/polity.php?ASK_CODE=XQ__&ASK_YY=1916&ASK_MM=08&ASK_DD=01&SL=en |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=w.ethnia.org}}</ref> It was then partitioned between the Saudi and the [[Idrisid Emirate of Asir|Idrisi]] on 30 August 1920.<ref name=":8" />

=== Kingdom of Greece ===
The [[Kingdom of Greece]] was in a [[National Schism|political dispute with Venizelists]]. The Central Powers supported the royalists until [[Constantine I of Greece|King Constantine's]] abdication in 1917.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 1977 |title=Greece and the Great Powers, 1914–1917 |last=Leon |first=George B. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr/82.2.391-a |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=82 |issue=2 |publisher=Institute for Balkan Studies |doi=10.1086/ahr/82.2.391-a |issn=1937-5239}}</ref>

=== Romania ===
Following their armistice with the Central Powers, [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] was [[Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia|involved in the Russian Civil War]] against both the Whites and the Reds. Romania fought alongside the Central Powers until it rejoined the war against them on November 10, 1918.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Istodor |first=Gheorghe |date=2016 |title=Renaşterea Gnozei Păgâne Î România – UN Mare Pericol Pentru Tineretul Ortodox  |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/ar.2016.1.27 |journal=Altarul Reîntregirii |issue=1 |pages=479–501 |doi=10.29302/ar.2016.1.27 |issn=1584-8051}}</ref>

===Kelantan===
Kelantanese rebels were supported by the Ottoman and German Empires during their [[Kelantan rebellion|anti-colonial uprising]] against the British Empire in 1915.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cheah |first=Boon Kheng |title=To' Janggut: Legends, Histories, and Perceptions of the 1915 Rebellion in Kelantan |date=2006 |publisher=Singapore University Press |isbn=978-9971-69-316-9 |location=Singapore}}</ref>