Editing Brunei (section)

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Brunei}}
[[File:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|[[Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque]] at night]]

Ethnicities indigenous to Brunei include the [[Belait people|Belait]], [[Bisaya (Borneo)|Brunei Bisaya]] (not to be confused with the Bisaya/Visaya of the nearby Philippines), indigenous [[Bruneian Malay people|Bruneian Malay]], [[Dusun people|Dusun]], [[Kedayan]], [[Lun Bawang]], [[Murut people|Murut]] and [[Tutong people|Tutong]].

The population of Brunei in {{UN_Population|Year}} was {{UN_Population|Brunei Darussalam}},{{UN Population|ref}} of which 76% live in urban areas. The rate of urbanisation is estimated at 2.13% per year from 2010 to 2015. The average life expectancy is 77.7 years.<ref>{{Harvnb|Oxford Business Group|2013|p=100}}</ref> In 2014, 65.7% of the population were [[Bruneian Malay people|Malay]], 10.3% are [[Ethnic Chinese in Brunei|Chinese]], 3.4% are indigenous, with 20.6% smaller groups making up the rest.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brunei Demographics Profile 2014|year=2015|publisher=Brunei Government|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/brunei/demographics_profile.html|access-date=9 July 2015|archive-date=11 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711094046/http://www.indexmundi.com/brunei/demographics_profile.html|url-status=live}}</ref> There is a relatively large [[expatriate]] community.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brunei Statistical Yearbook|page=13|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307205335/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-03-07}}</ref>
Most expats come from non-[[Muslim]] countries such as Australia, United Kingdom, South Korea, Japan, The Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and India.

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Brunei}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Brunei (2021)<ref name="deps.gov.bn" />
|label1 = [[Islam]] 362,035
|value1 = 82.1
|color1 = green
|label2 = [[Christianity]] 29,462
|value2 = 6.7
|color2 = blue
|label3 = [[Buddhism]] 27,745
|value3 = 6.3
|color3 = gold
|label4 =  Others: indigenous beliefs and non-religious, Atheist or [[Agnostic]] 21,473
|value4 = 4.9
|color4 = grey
}}

[[Islam in Brunei|Islam]] is the official religion of Brunei,<ref name=cia /> specifically that of the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] denomination and the [[Shafi'i]] school of Islamic jurisprudence. More than 82% of the population, including the majority of [[Bruneian Malay people|Bruneian Malays]] and [[Kedayan]]s identify as [[Muslim]]. Other faiths practised are [[Christianity in Brunei|Christianity]] (6.7%) and [[Buddhism in Brunei|Buddhism]] (6.3%, mainly by the Chinese).<ref name="deps.gov.bn" /> [[Freethought|Freethinkers]], mostly Chinese, form about 2% of the population. Although most of them practise some form of religion with elements of Buddhism, [[Confucianism]], and [[Taoism]], they prefer to present themselves as having practised no religion officially, hence labelled as [[atheism|atheists]] in official censuses. Followers of indigenous religions are about 2% of the population.<ref>{{cite book|title=2010 Brunei Statistical Yearbook|year=2010|publisher=Brunei Government|page=19|url=http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307205335/http://www.depd.gov.bn/SI/BDSYB2010/BDSYB%202010.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-03-07}}</ref>

=== Languages ===
{{Main|Languages of Brunei}}
The official [[languages of Brunei|language of Brunei]] is [[Standard Malay]], for which both the [[Latin alphabet]] ([[Rumi script|Rumi]]) and the [[Arabic alphabet]] ([[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]) are used.<ref>[http://melayuonline.com/eng/news/read/12382/expand-use-of-malay-language Expand Use of Malay Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208110928/http://melayuonline.com/eng/news/read/12382/expand-use-of-malay-language |date=8 February 2013 }}. rtbnews.rtb.gov.bn (18 October 2010)</ref> Initially, Malay was written in the [[Jawi script]] before it switched to the Latin alphabet around 1941.{{sfn|de Vienne|2016|pp=104}}

The principal spoken language is ''Melayu Brunei'' ([[Brunei Malay]]). Brunei Malay is rather divergent from standard Malay and the rest of the Malay dialects, being about 84% cognate with standard Malay,<ref name="Martin">P.W. Martin and G. Poedjosoedarmo (1996). An overview of the language situation in Brunei Darussalam. In P.W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), ''Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam'' (pp. 1–23). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies. p. 7.</ref> and is mostly mutually intelligible with it.<ref>{{cite journal|author=A. Clynes and D. Deterding|year=2011|title=Standard Malay (Brunei)|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=41|issue=2|pages=259–68|doi=10.1017/S002510031100017X|df=dmy-all|doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[English language|English]] is widely used as a business and official language and it is spoken by a majority of the population in Brunei. English is used in business as a [[working language]] and as the language of instruction from primary to tertiary education.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mouton De Gruyter |title=Wei, Li: Applied Linguistics Review. 2011 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DSFueDOhYgC&pg=PA100 |access-date=27 February 2013 |date=31 May 2011 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-023933-1 |pages=100–}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/09/22/change-medium-instruction-cause-poor-maths-results Change in medium of instruction cause of poor Maths results | The Brunei Times] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105094721/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2010/09/22/change-medium-instruction-cause-poor-maths-results |date=5 November 2014 }}. Bt.com.bn (22 September 2010). Retrieved on 27 February 2013.</ref><ref>A.C.K. Ozog (1996). The unplanned use of English: The case of Brunei Darussalam. In P.W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), ''Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam'' (pp. 156–66). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies.</ref><ref>K. Dunseath (1996). Aspects of language maintenance and language shift among the Chinese community in Brunei. In P.W. Martin, C. Ozog & G. Poedjosoedarmo (Eds.), ''Language use & language change in Brunei Darussalam'' (pp. 280–301). Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies {{ISBN|0896801934}}.</ref>

Chinese languages are also widely spoken, and the [[Ethnic Chinese in Brunei|Chinese minority]] in Brunei speaks a number of [[varieties of Chinese]].

[[Arabic]] is the religious language of Muslims and is taught in schools, particularly religious schools, and also in institutes of higher learning. As of 2004, there are six Arabic schools and one religious teachers' college in Brunei. A majority of Brunei's Muslim population has had some form of formal or informal education in the reading, writing and pronunciation of the Arabic language as part of their religious education.

Other languages and dialects spoken include [[Kedayan Malay]] dialect, [[Tutong language|Tutong Malay dialect]], [[Murutic languages|Murut]], and [[Dusun language|Dusun]].<ref name="Martin" />