Editing Bone (section)

===Diabetes===

[[Type 1 diabetes]] is an autoimmune disease in which the body attacks the insulin-producing pancreas cells causing the body to not make enough insulin.<ref name="Ndisang_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ndisang JF, Vannacci A, Rastogi S | title = Insulin Resistance, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, and Related Complications 2017 | journal = Journal of Diabetes Research | volume = 2017 | issue = | page = 1478294 | date = 2017 | pmid = 29279853 | doi = 10.1155/2017/1478294 | doi-access = free | pmc = 5723935 }}</ref> In contrast [[type 2 diabetes]] in which the body creates enough Insulin, but becomes resistant to it over time.<ref name="Ndisang_2017" />

Children makeup approximately 85% of Type 1 Diabetes cases and in America there was an average 22% rise in cases<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kamrath C, Holl RW, Rosenbauer J | title = Elucidating the Underlying Mechanisms of the Marked Increase in Childhood Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic-The Diabetes Pandemic | journal = JAMA Network Open | volume = 6 | issue = 6 | pages = e2321231 | date = June 2023 | pmid = 37389881 | doi = 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.21231 | doi-access = free }}</ref> over the first 24 months of the COVID-19 Pandemic. With the increase of developing some form of diabetes across all ranges continually growing the health impacts on bone development and bone health in these populations are still being researched. Most evidence suggests that diabetes, either Type 1 and Type 2, inhibits osteoblastic activity<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Loxton P, Narayan K, Munns CF, Craig ME | title = Bone Mineral Density and Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis | journal = Diabetes Care | volume = 44 | issue = 8 | pages = 1898–1905 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 34285100 | doi = 10.2337/dc20-3128 | pmc = 8385468 }}</ref> and causes both lower BMD and BMC in both adults and children. The weakening of these developmental aspects is thought to lead to an increased risk of developing many diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, osteopenia and fractures.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = de Araújo IM, Moreira ML, de Paula FJ | title = Diabetes and bone | journal = Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 66 | issue = 5 | pages = 633–641 | date = November 2022 | pmid = 36382752 | doi = 10.20945/2359-3997000000552 | pmc = 10118819 }}</ref> Development of any of these diseases is thought to be correlated with a decrease in ability to perform in athletic environments and activities of daily living.

Focusing on therapies that target molecules like osteocalcin or AGEs could provide new ways to improve bone health and help manage the complications of diabetes more effectively.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Booth SL, Centi A, Smith SR, Gundberg C | title = The role of osteocalcin in human glucose metabolism: marker or mediator? | journal = Nature Reviews. Endocrinology | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–55 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 23147574 | doi = 10.1038/nrendo.2012.201 | pmc = 4441272 }}</ref>