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===Adjuncts=== [[Histamine antagonist|Antihistamines]] (both [[H1 antagonist|H1]] and [[H2 antagonist|H2]]), while commonly used and assumed effective based on theoretical reasoning, are poorly supported by evidence.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nurmatov|first1=UB|last2=Rhatigan|first2=E|last3=Simons|first3=FE|last4=Sheikh|first4=A|title=H2-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock: a systematic review.|journal=Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology|date=February 2014|volume=112|issue=2|pages=126β31|pmid=24468252|doi=10.1016/j.anai.2013.11.010}}</ref><ref name=She2007/> A 2007 [[Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane]] review did not find any good-quality studies upon which to base recommendations<ref name=She2007>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sheikh A, Ten Broek V, Brown SG, Simons FE |title=H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis: Cochrane systematic review |journal=Allergy |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=830β7 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17620060 |doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01435.x |s2cid=27548046 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and they are not believed to have an effect on airway edema or spasm.<ref name=CEA11/> [[Corticosteroids]] are unlikely to make a difference in the current episode of anaphylaxis, but may be used in the hope of decreasing the risk of biphasic anaphylaxis. Their prophylactic effectiveness in these situations is uncertain.<ref name=BI05>{{cite journal |author=Lieberman P |title=Biphasic anaphylactic reactions |journal=Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=217β26; quiz 226, 258 |date=September 2005 |pmid=16200811 |doi= 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61217-3}}</ref> [[Nebulizer|Nebulized]] [[salbutamol]] may be effective for [[bronchospasm]] that does not resolve with epinephrine.<ref name=CEA11/> [[Methylene blue]] has been used in those not responsive to other measures due to its presumed effect of relaxing smooth muscle.<ref name=CEA11/>
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