Editing African trypanosomiasis (section)

==Epidemiology==
[[File:African trypanosomiasis deaths 2002.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|Deaths per 100,000 [[population]] due to African trypanosomiasis by country in 2002<ref>[https://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/statistics/bodgbddeathdalyestimates.xls WHO mortality and health data and statistics] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116174540/http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/bodgbddeathdalyestimates.xls |date=16 January 2013}}, accessed 10 February 2009.</ref>]]

In 2010, it caused around 9,000 deaths, down from 34,000 in 1990.<ref name="Loz2012"/> As of 2000, the disability-adjusted life-years (9 to 10 years) lost due to sleeping sickness are 2.0 million.<ref>{{cite report |author1=World Health Organization (Geneva)|title=World Health Report 2000: Health Systems Improving Performance |year=2000 |url=https://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/tryp/direction.htm#Refs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060322222639/http://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/tryp/direction.htm#Refs|archive-date=22 March 2006}}</ref> From 2010 to 2014, there was an estimated 55 million people at risk for ''gambiense'' African Trypanosomiasis and over 6 million people at risk for ''rhodesiense'' African trypanosomiasis.<ref name="Franco_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Franco JR, Cecchi G, Priotto G, Paone M, Diarra A, Grout L, Mattioli RC, Argaw D | display-authors = 6 | title = Monitoring the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Update to 2014 | journal = PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = e0005585 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 28531222 | pmc = 5456402 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005585 | doi-access = free }}</ref> In 2014, the World Health Organization reported 3,797 cases of Human African Trypanosomiasis when the predicted number of cases was to be 5,000. The number of total reported cases in 2014 is an 86% reduction to the total number of cases reported in 2000.<ref name="Franco_2017"/>

The disease has been recorded as occurring in 37 countries, all in sub-Saharan Africa. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most affected country in the world, accounting for 75% of the ''Trypanosoma brucei gambiense'' cases.<ref name=Fra2014/> In 2009, the population at risk was estimated at about 69 million with one-third of this number being at a 'very high' to 'moderate' risk and the remaining two-thirds at a 'low' to 'very low' risk.<ref name="Sim2012"/> Since then, the number of people being affected by the disease has continued to decline, with fewer than 1000 cases per year reported from 2018 onwards.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Franco |first1=Jose R. |last2=Priotto |first2=Gerardo |last3=Paone |first3=Massimo |last4=Cecchi |first4=Giuliano |last5=Ebeja |first5=Agustin Kadima |last6=Simarro |first6=Pere P. |last7=Sankara |first7=Dieudonne |last8=Metwally |first8=Samia B. A. |last9=Argaw |first9=Daniel Dagne |date=2024-04-16 |title=The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Monitoring progress towards the 2021–2030 WHO road map targets |journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |language=en |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=e0012111 |doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0012111 |doi-access=free |issn=1935-2735 |pmc=11073784 |pmid=38626188}}</ref> Against this backdrop, sleeping sickness elimination is considered a real possibility, with the World Health Organization targeting the elimination of the transmission of the gambiese form by 2030.<ref name="Franco_2017"/><ref>World Health Organization. (2020). [Report of the third WHO stakeholders meeting on gambiense human African trypanosomiasis elimination: Geneva, 18–20 April 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200715081626/https://www.who.int/trypanosomiasis_african/resources/9789240002296/en/] {{open access}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/human-african-trypanosomiasis|title = The Global Health Observatory – Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)|access-date = 19 August 2024|publisher = [[World Health Organization]]}}</ref>
 ! 1990 !! 1991 !! 1992 !! 1993 !! 1994 !! 1995 !! 1996 !! 1997 !! 1998 !! 1999 !! 2000 !! 2001 !! 2002 !! 2003 !! 2004 !! 2005 !! 2006 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 !! 2023
|-
| Angola || 1498 || 2094 || 2406 || 1796 || 1274 || 2441 || 6726 || 8275 || 6610 || 5351 || 4546 || 4577 || 3621 || 3115 || 2280 || 1727 || 1105 || 648 || 517 || 247 || 211 || 154 || 70 || 69 || 36 || 35 || 19 || 18 || 79 || 30 || 33 || 174 || 44 || 52
|-
| Benin || 0 || 0 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 20 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Burkina Faso || 27 || 27 || 20 || 17 || 18 || 13 || 12 || 1 || 15 || 15 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 ||0 ||0
|-
| Cameroon || 86 || 69 || 21 || 3 || 20 || 21 || 17 || 10 || 54 || 32 || 27 || 14 || 32 || 33 || 17 || 3 || 15 || 7 || 13 || 24 || 16 || 15 || 7 || 6 || 7 || 6 || 6 || 5 || 7 || 17 || 2 || 11 || 7 || 11
|-
| Central African Republic || 308 || 197 || 362 || 262 || 368 || 676 || 492 || 730 || 1068 || 869 || 988 || 718 || 572 || 539 || 738 || 666 || 460 || 654 || 1194 || 1054 || 395 || 132 || 381 || 59 || 194 || 147 || 124 || 76 || 57 || 86 || 39 || 44 ||110 || 104
|-
| Chad || 20 || 221 || 149 || 65 || 214 || 315 || 178 || 122 || 134 || 187 || 153 || 138 || 715 || 222 || 483 || 190 || 276 || 97 || 196 || 510 || 232 || 276 || 197 || 195 || 95 || 67 || 53 || 28 || 12 || 16 || 17 ||15 ||18 ||7
|-
| Congo || 580 || 703 || 727 || 829 || 418 || 475 || 474 || 142 || 201 || 91 || 111 || 894 || 1005 || 717 || 873 || 398 || 300 || 189 || 182 || 87 || 87 || 61 || 39 || 20 || 21 || 36 || 18 || 15 || 24 || 17 || 15 ||18 ||10 ||14
|-
| Côte d'Ivoire || 365 || 349 || 456 || 260 || 206 || 326 || 240 || 185 || 121 || 104 || 188 || 92 || 97 || 68 || 74 || 42 || 29 || 13 || 14 || 8 || 8 || 10 || 9 || 7 || 6 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 ||1 ||0 ||0
|-
| Democratic Republic of the Congo || 7515 || 5825 || 7757 || 11384 || 19021 || 18182 || 19342 || 25094 || 26318 || 18684 || 16951 || 17300 || 13816 || 11459 || 10339 || 10249 || 8013 || 8155 || 7318 || 7178 || 5624 || 5590 || 5968 || 5647 || 3205 || 2351 || 1769 || 1110 || 660 || 604 || 395 ||425 ||516 ||394
|-
| Equatorial Guinea || 63 || 36 || 45 || 30 || 85 || 37 || 46 || 67 || 62 || 28 || 16 || 17 || 32 || 23 || 22 || 17 || 13 || 15 || 11 || 7 || 8 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 4 || 4 || 3 || 1 ||3 ||13 ||7
|-
| Gabon || 80 || 45 || 33 || 80 || 61 || 20 || 32 || 11 || 6 || 38 || 45 || 30 || 26 || 26 || 49 || 53 || 31 || 30 || 24 || 14 || 22 || 17 || 9 || 17 || 10 || 9 || 10 || 9 || 16 || 8 || 11 ||18 ||21 ||12
|-
| Ghana || 3 || 6 || 16 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 ||0 ||0
|-
| Guinea || 52 || 29 || 24 || 27 || 26 || 33 || 38 || 88 || 99 || 68 || 52 || 72 || 132 || 130 || 95 || 94 || 48 || 69 || 90 || 79 || 68 || 57 || 70 || 78 || 33 || 29 || 107 || 140 || 74 || 69 || 36 ||28 ||30 ||24
|-
| Mali || 0 || 0 || 0 || 27 || 17 || 11 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0||0||0
|-
| Nigeria || 24 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 27 || 14 || 14 || 26 || 31 || 10 || 21 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0||0||0||0
|-
| South Sudan || 67 || 58 || 28 || 62 || 69 || 56 || 157 || 737 || 1726 || 1312 || 1801 || 1919 || 3121 || 3061 || 1742 || 1853 || 789 || 469 || 623 || 373 || 199 || 272 || 317 || 117 || 63 || 45 || 17 || 12 || 17 || 11 || 15 ||10||30||50
|-
| Togo || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0||0||0||0
|-
| Uganda || 2066 || 1328 || 2042 || 1764 || 1469 || 1062 || 981 || 1123 || 971 || 1036 || 948 || 310 || 604 || 517 || 378 || 311 || 290 || 120 || 198 || 99 || 101 || 44 || 20 || 9 || 9 || 4 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 2 || 1||0||0||0
|-
| '''Total''' || 12756 || 10987 || 14088 || 16607 || 23266 || 23671 || 28736 || 36585 || 37385 || 27862 || 25841 || 26095 || 23799 || 19941 || 17100 || 15624 || 11372 || 10466 || 10380 || 9680 || 6973 || 6632 || 7091 || 6228 || 3679 || 2733 || 2131 || 1420 || 953 || 864 || 565 || 747 || 799 || 675
|-
! Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
 ! 1990 !! 1991 !! 1992 !! 1993 !! 1994 !! 1995 !! 1996 !! 1997 !! 1998 !! 1999 !! 2000 !! 2001 !! 2002 !! 2003 !! 2004 !! 2005 !! 2006 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 !! 2023
|-
|Ethiopia
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|6
|2
|-
| Kenya || 91 || 8 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 5 || 14 || 22 || 15 || 10 || 11 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Malawi || 228 || 195 || 143 || 53 || 31 || 15 || 8 || 7 || 10 || 11 || 35 || 38 || 43 || 70 || 48 || 41 || 58 || 50 || 49 || 39 || 29 || 23 || 18 || 35 || 32 || 30 || 37 || 7 || 15 || 91 || 89 || 49 || 24 || 16
|-
| Mozambique || 3 || 7 || 24 || 10 || 16 || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || 1 || No data || 1 || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data
|No data
|No data
|No data
|-
| Uganda || 1417 || 832 || 606 || 503 || 342 || 497 || 178 || 217 || 283 || 283 || 300 || 426 || 329 || 338 || 335 || 473 || 261 || 119 || 138 || 129 || 112 || 84 || 71 || 43 || 70 || 28 || 10 || 13 || 4 || 5 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0
|-
| United Republic of Tanzania || 187 || 177 || 366 || 262 || 319 || 422 || 400 || 354 || 299 || 288 || 350 || 277 || 228 || 113 || 159 || 186 || 127 || 126 || 59 || 14 || 5 || 1 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
| Zambia || 7 || No data || 4 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 3 || No data || No data || 15 || 9 || 4 || 5 || 15 || 9 || 7 || 6 || 10 || 13 || 4 || 8 || 3 || 6 || 6 || 12 || 8 || 2 || 3 || 5 || 15 || 6 || 3 || 7 || 5
|-
| Zimbabwe || No data || No data || No data || No data || 1 || No data || No data || 9 || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || No data || 3 || No data || No data || 0 || 3 || 2 || 4 || 9 || 1 || 3 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| '''Total''' || 1933 || 1219 || 1147 || 831 || 710 || 935 || 591 || 583 || 606 || 619 || 709 || 755 || 617 || 536 || 552 || 707 || 453 || 305 || 259 || 187 || 154 || 111 || 101 || 85 || 115 || 68 || 52 || 27 || 24 || 116 || 98 ||55 ||38 ||24
|}