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1982 Lebanon War
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====Muslim militias==== Muslim forces were mostly [[Shiite]] organizations which joined forces with the more significant PLO during the initial invasion, but operated independently towards the end of 1982: * [[Amal Movement]] – Shia movement. Amal's fragmented nature was corroborated by the difference decisions in the [[Southern Lebanon]] and Beirut. The alienation by Palestinian and Leftist factions caused Amal fighters in the south to assume a neutral position and watch as Israeli tanks rolled by. This was contrasted at Ouzai, [[Ghobeiry]] and [[Chyah]], where Amal fighters mounted some of the most spirited and aggressive defensive actions against the invading forces.<ref name="Norton2">{{cite book |last1=Norton |first1=Augustus R. |title=Hezbollah A Short History |date=2007 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-13124-5}}</ref> During the initial invasion, the PLO and Amal were effectively the only major forces resisting the Israeli thrust northwards, temporarily halting them at [[Khalde#Battle of Khaldeh|Khaldeh]] for 6 days.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last1=Fisk |first1=Robert |title=Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-280130-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VrXpeELOUNsC}}</ref> A [[no man's land]] was marked at the [[Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport|Beirut Airport]], where hundreds of Palestinian and Lebanese Shia militants were killed defending the airport.<ref name="auto"/><ref name=":0" /> * Islamic Students Union – an Islamic group which later formed the core of [[Hezbollah]], its members took part in battles of [[Khalde]], the airport and the [[National Museum of Beirut|Museum front]] in June–September 1982.<ref name="auto"/> [[Mustafa Badreddine]] was part of the group. * [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Pasdaran]] – In July 1982 Iran dispatched an expeditionary force of [[Revolutionary Guards]] to Lebanon, ostensibly to fight the Israeli invaders.<ref name=":0" /> The approximately 1,500 Pasdaran established their headquarters in the Syrian-controlled [[Beqaa Valley]] where they conducted guerrilla training and disbursed military material and money for the newly-formed Islamist groups including [[Hezbollah]].<ref name=":0" /> * [[Islamic Amal]] – [[Hussein al-Musawi]], a former Amal lieutenant, split from Amal and set up his own faction. Musawi entered into an alliance with the Revolutionary Guard and received training and money from them, as Islamic Amal quickly grew to around 1,000 fighters.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Hezbollah]] – a Shia resistance faction which formed following the initial invasion in 1982, and set on fighting Israeli presence and western influence in Lebanon. The group substantially swelled by 1984 and claimed responsibility for most of the operations conducted against Israeli and SLA forces between 1984 and 2000.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bergman |first1=Ronen |title=Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations |date=2018 |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-679-60468-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3UXKDQAAQBAJ}}</ref> * Other Shia groups included the [[Husayn ibn Ali|Imam Hussein]] [[Fedayeen]], [[Islamic Dawa Party in Lebanon]], and the notorious [[Islamic Jihad Organization]] reportedly headed by [[Imad Mughniyyah]], which likely served as an early alias of Hezbollah.<ref name=":0" />
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