Editing 1980s (section)

===Film===
{{Main|1980s in film}}
[[File:Ponferrada - graffiti & murals 03 (cropped).JPG|260px|thumb|The highest-grossing film of the decade was ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' (1982)]]
[[File:Puenzo aleandro premio oscar.jpg|thumb|Director [[Luis Puenzo]] and actress [[Norma Aleandro|Norma Leandro]] from [[Argentina]] celebrating the Oscar won by ''[[The Official Story]]'' at the [[58th Academy Awards]]]]
'''Critically acclaimed films and thespians'''
* Oscar winners for Best Picture: ''[[Ordinary People]]'', ''[[Chariots of Fire]]'', ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'', ''[[Terms of Endearment]]'', ''[[Amadeus (film)|Amadeus]]'', ''[[Out of Africa (film)|Out of Africa]]'', ''[[Platoon (film)|Platoon]]'', ''[[The Last Emperor]]'', ''[[Rain Man]]'' and ''[[Driving Miss Daisy]]''.
* The highest-grossing films of the decade are (in order from highest to lowest ''domestic'' grossing): ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'', ''[[Return of the Jedi]]'', ''[[The Empire Strikes Back]]'', ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'', ''[[Batman (1989 film)|Batman]]'', ''[[Rain Man]]'', ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'', ''[[Ghostbusters]]'', ''[[Back to the Future]]'', ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'', ''[[Top Gun]]'', ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'', ''[[Back to the Future Part II]]'', ''[[Crocodile Dundee]]'', ''[[Fatal Attraction]]'' and ''[[Beverly Hills Cop]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/boxoffice/alltimegross?region=world-wide |title=All-Time Worldwide Box Office |work=IMDb |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125114400/http://www.imdb.com/boxoffice/alltimegross?region=world-wide |archive-date=2011-11-25 }}</ref>
* Oscar winners for Best Foreign Language Film: ''[[Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears]]'', ''[[Mephisto (1981 film)|Mephisto]]'', ''[[Begin the Beguine (film)|Begin the Beguine]]'', ''[[Fanny and Alexander]]'', ''[[Dangerous Moves]]'', ''[[The Official Story]]'', ''[[The Assault (1986 film)|The Assault]]'', ''[[Babette's Feast]]'', ''[[Pelle the Conqueror]]'' and ''[[Cinema Paradiso]]''.
* Oscar winners for Best Actor: [[Robert De Niro]], [[Henry Fonda]], [[Ben Kingsley]], [[Robert Duvall]], [[F. Murray Abraham]], [[William Hurt]], [[Paul Newman]], [[Michael Douglas]], [[Dustin Hoffman]] and [[Daniel Day-Lewis]].
* Oscar winners for Best Actress: [[Sissy Spacek]], [[Katharine Hepburn]], [[Meryl Streep]], [[Shirley MacLaine]], [[Sally Field]], [[Geraldine Page]], [[Marlee Matlin]], [[Cher]], [[Jodie Foster]] and [[Jessica Tandy]].

'''The film industry'''

The 1980s saw the return of studio-driven films, coming from the filmmaker-driven [[New Hollywood]] era of the 1970s.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ebert, Roger|author2=Bordwell, David|title=Awake in the Dark: The Best of Roger Ebert|date=2008|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago and London|isbn=978-0226182018|page=xvii|edition=Paperback|quote=In his pluralism, [Roger] Ebert proved a more authentic cinephile than many of his contemporaries. They tied their fortunes to the Film Brats and then suffered the inevitable disappointments of the 1980s return to studio-driven pictures.}}</ref> The period was when '[[high concept]]' films gained popularity, where movies were to be easily marketable and understandable, and, therefore, they had short cinematic [[Plot (narrative)|plots]] that could be summarized in one or two sentences. The modern Hollywood [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]] is the most popular film format from the 1980s. Producer [[Don Simpson]]<ref>{{Cite book |last = Fleming |first = Charles |title = High concept: Don Simpson and the Hollywood culture of excess |year = 1998 |publisher = Doubleday |isbn = 978-0-385-48694-1 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/highconceptdonsi00flem_0 }}</ref> is usually credited with the creation of the high-concept picture of the modern Hollywood blockbuster. In the mid-1980s, a wave of British directors, including [[Ridley Scott]], [[Alan Parker]], [[Adrian Lyne]] and [[Tony Scott]] (with the latter directing a number of Don Simpson films) ushered in a new era of blockbusters using the crowd-pleasing skills they had honed in UK television commercials.<ref>{{cite news|first=Delaney|last=Sam|title=Jets, jeans and Hovis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/aug/24/1|work=The Guardian|date=August 24, 2007|access-date=March 13, 2019}}</ref>

A significant development in the home media business is the establishment of [[The Criterion Collection]] in 1984, an American company "dedicated to gathering the greatest films from around the world and publishing them in editions that offer the highest technical quality". Through their releases, they were able to introduce what is now a standard to home video: [[Letterboxing (filming)|letterboxing]] to retain the original aspect ratio, [[Audio commentary|film commentaries]] and supplements/special features.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Criterion |url=https://www.criterion.com/about_us |access-date=26 February 2016 |website=The Criterion Collection |publisher=[[The Criterion Collection]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 October 2014 |title=Frame by Frame |publisher=Wadham College, University of Oxford |url=https://www.wadham.ox.ac.uk/news/2014/october/frame-by-frame |url-status=dead |access-date=27 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009214529/https://www.wadham.ox.ac.uk/news/2014/october/frame-by-frame |archive-date=9 October 2016}}</ref>

'''Live-action films'''
[[File:Arnold Schwarzenegger on Capitol Hill (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Action movie]] star [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] rose to international fame this decade with ''[[The Terminator]]'' (1984)]]

The 1980s saw the golden age of [[teen film]]s. ''[[Class (film)|Class]]'', ''[[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]'', ''[[Risky Business]]'', ''[[Mannequin (1987 film)|Mannequin]]'', ''[[Porky's]]'', ''[[Valley Girl (1983 film)|Valley Girl]]'', and [[John Hughes (filmmaker)|John Hughes]] directed or written ''[[Sixteen Candles]]'', ''[[The Breakfast Club]]'', ''[[Weird Science (film)|Weird Science]]'', ''[[Ferris Bueller's Day Off]]'', ''[[Pretty in Pink]]'' and ''[[Some Kind of Wonderful (film)|Some Kind of Wonderful]]'', were popular teen comedies, and their stars include [[Emilio Estevez]], [[Anthony Michael Hall]], [[Jennifer Jason Leigh]], [[Andrew McCarthy]], [[Rob Lowe]], [[Judd Nelson]], [[Molly Ringwald]], [[Ally Sheedy]], [[Matthew Broderick]], [[Tom Cruise]], [[Rebecca De Mornay]], [[Sean Penn]] and [[Nicolas Cage]]. Other youth dramas include ''[[Stand by Me (film)|Stand by Me]]'' and [[Francis Ford Coppola]] directed ''[[The Outsiders (film)|The Outsiders]]'' and ''[[Rumble Fish]]''. Their stars include [[River Phoenix]] and [[Mickey Rourke]]. The [[Brat Pack (actors)|Brat Pack]] films are said to include ''The Breakfast Club'' and ''[[St. Elmo's Fire (film)|St. Elmo's Fire]]''. Musical dance films include ''[[Footloose (1984 film)|Footloose]]'', ''[[Dirty Dancing]]'' and ''[[Flashdance]]'', and their stars include [[Kevin Bacon]] and [[Patrick Swayze]]. Other musicals include ''[[Annie (1982 film)|Annie]]''.

Horror films were a popular genre during the decade. Among the most popular horror franchises of the 1980s were the ''[[Friday the 13th (franchise)|Friday the 13th]]'', ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)|A Nightmare on Elm Street]]'', ''[[Halloween (franchise)|Halloween]]'', ''[[Child's Play (film series)|Child's Play]]'', ''[[Hellraiser (franchise)|Hellraiser]]'', and ''[[Poltergeist (film series)|Poltergeist]]'' franchises. Their casts include [[Jamie Lee Curtis]], [[Robert Englund]], [[Catherine Hicks]], [[Chris Sarandon]] and [[Brad Dourif]]. ''[[The Shining (film)|The Shining]]'' was initially met with mixed reviews from critics, and even from the [[Stephen King|author]] of the [[The Shining (novel)|book]], and was moderately financially successful, but later became very popular and critically acclaimed. The concept of the [[B movie|B horror film]] gave rise to many horror films that went on to earn cult status, such as ''[[The Evil Dead]]'', which was directed by [[Sam Raimi]]. Comedy horror films included ''[[Beetlejuice]]'', ''[[Gremlins]]'', ''[[Little Shop of Horrors (1986 film)|Little Shop of Horrors]]'' and ''[[The Lost Boys]]''. Their stars include [[Alec Baldwin]], [[Geena Davis]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Zach Galligan]], [[Phoebe Cates]], [[Corey Feldman]], [[Corey Haim]] and [[Kiefer Sutherland]].

Comedies included ''[[The Blues Brothers (film)|The Blues Brothers]]'', ''[[Caddyshack]]'', ''[[Stir Crazy (film)|Stir Crazy]]'', ''[[Private Benjamin (1980 film)|Private Benjamin]]'', ''[[9 to 5 (film)|9 to 5]]'', ''[[Trading Places]]'', ''[[Splash (film)|Splash]]'', ''[[Jumpin' Jack Flash (film)|Jumpin' Jack Flash]]'', ''[[Three Men and a Baby]]'', ''[[Harry and the Hendersons]]'', ''[[Throw Momma from the Train]]'', ''[[Planes, Trains and Automobiles]]'', ''[[Twins (1988 film)|Twins]]'', ''[[The 'Burbs]]'' and two [[Ghostbusters (franchise)|Ghostbusters]] films, and their stars included [[Dan Aykroyd]], [[Chevy Chase]], [[Gene Wilder]], [[Richard Pryor]], [[Goldie Hawn]], [[Jane Fonda]], [[Tom Hanks]], [[Whoopi Goldberg]], [[Ted Danson]], [[Steve Guttenberg]], [[Tom Selleck]], [[John Lithgow]], [[Danny DeVito]], [[Billy Crystal]], [[Ernie Hudson]], [[Rick Moranis]], [[Steve Martin]] and [[John Candy]]. Romcoms include ''[[Look Who's Talking]]'', starring [[John Travolta]]. ''[[Good Morning, Vietnam]]'' is a war comedy starring [[Robin Williams]] and [[Forest Whitaker]]. Action comedies include ''[[48 Hrs.]]'', ''[[Romancing the Stone]]'' and ''[[The Jewel of the Nile]]''. Their stars include [[Nick Nolte]] and [[Kathleen Turner]].

The most popular action film franchises introduced during the 1980s were the ''[[Indiana Jones]]'', ''[[Die Hard (franchise)|Die Hard]]'', ''[[Lethal Weapon (film series)|Lethal Weapon]]'', and ''[[Rambo (film series)|Rambo]]'' franchises. Other popular action films from the decade include ''[[The Terminator]]'', ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]]'', ''[[Mad Max 2]]'', ''[[Escape from New York]]'', ''[[Red Dawn]]'', ''[[Predator (film)|Predator]]'',  ''[[RoboCop]]'', the Dirty Harry film ''[[Sudden Impact]]'' and ''[[Cobra (1986 film)|Cobra]]''. Stars of these films included [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]], [[Bruce Willis]], [[Alan Rickman]], [[Sigourney Weaver]], [[Mel Gibson]], [[Danny Glover]], [[Joe Pesci]], [[Charlie Sheen]], [[Linda Hamilton]], [[Michael Biehn]], [[Lance Henriksen]], [[Gary Busey]], [[Harrison Ford]], [[Karen Allen]], [[Peter Weller]], [[Nancy Allen (actress)|Nancy Allen]], [[Kurt Russell]], [[Clint Eastwood]], [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Brigitte Nielsen]] and [[Brian Dennehy]]. [[Hong Kong action cinema]] and [[martial arts film]]s were revolutionized by a new wave of inventive filmmakers that included [[Jackie Chan]], [[Sammo Hung]], [[Tsui Hark]], and [[John Woo]]. American martial arts films had actors such as [[Chuck Norris]], [[Jean-Claude Van Damme]] and [[Steven Seagal]], and included ''[[The Karate Kid]]''. Sports drama included [[The Natural (film)|The Natural]] and the two ''[[Rocky (franchise)|Rocky]]'' films, whose stars included [[Carl Weathers]] and [[Dolph Lundgren]].

Five more [[James bond films|James Bond films]] were released, with [[Roger Moore]] continuing in the role in ''[[For Your Eyes Only (film)|For Your Eyes Only]]'', ''[[Octopussy (film)|Octopussy]]'', and ''[[A View to a Kill (film)|A View To A Kill]]'', before handing over the role to [[Timothy Dalton]] who starred in ''[[The Living Daylights (film)|The Living Daylights]]'' and ''[[Licence to Kill (film)|Licence To Kill]]''.

The post-2000 popularity of blockbuster [[superhero film]]s is attributed in part to the start such blockbuster films gained in the 1980s, starting with [[Superman in film#Salkind/Cannon film series (1978–1987)|Salkind's ''Superman'' film series]] 1978–1987 and bookended at the end of the decade with [[Tim Burton]]'s 1989 ''[[Batman (1989 film)|Batman]]''.<ref name=Vulture24Oct2016>{{cite web |url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/10/2016-why-are-we-obsessed-with-the-80s.html |title=It's 2016. Why Are We Still Obsessed With the '80s? |last=Chaney |first=Jen |date=2016-10-24 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |access-date=2024-06-05}}</ref> Their stars include [[Christopher Reeve]], [[Gene Hackman]], [[Michael Keaton]], [[Kim Basinger]] and [[Jack Nicholson]].

The popularity of [[List of science fiction films of the 1980s|science fiction films in the 1980s]] is attributable to the popularity of the [[Star Wars original trilogy]] (1977–1983).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/how-star-wars-revolutionized-entertainment |title=How Star Wars Revolutionized Entertainment |last=Weitekamp |first=Margaret |date=2019-12-19  |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=2024-06-07 |quote=The success of science fiction and fantasy movies in the 1980s and beyond owes much to ''Star Wars''}}</ref> Science fiction films include ''[[Blade Runner]]'', ''[[Outland (film)|Outland]]'', ''[[The Return of Godzilla]]'', ''[[The Dead Zone (film)|The Dead Zone]]'', ''[[The Fly (1986 film)|The Fly]]'', ''[[The Abyss]]'', ''[[The Running Man (1987 film)|The Running Man]]'', ''[[Flash Gordon (film)|Flash Gordon]]'', ''[[Innerspace]]'', ''[[Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure]]'' and ''[[Back to the Future]]''. Their stars include [[Mark Hamill]], [[Carrie Fisher]], [[Alec Guinness]], [[James Earl Jones]], [[Rutger Hauer]], [[Daryl Hannah]], [[Jeff Goldblum]], [[Max von Sydow]], [[Dennis Quaid]], [[Meg Ryan]], [[Michael J. Fox]], [[Christopher Lloyd]], [[Lea Thompson]] and [[Keanu Reeves]]. Sword and sorcery films include ''[[Excalibur (film)|Excalibur]]'' and ''[[Conan the Barbarian (1982 film)|Conan the Barbarian]]''. Other fantasy films include ''[[Time Bandits]]'', ''[[The Dark Crystal]]'', ''[[The NeverEnding Story (film)|The NeverEnding Story]]'' and ''[[The Witches of Eastwick (film)|The Witches of Eastwick]]'', starring [[Michelle Pfeiffer]] and [[Susan Sarandon]].

Westerns include ''[[Urban Cowboy]]'', ''[[The Man from Snowy River (1982 film)|The Man from Snowy River]]'' and ''[[Mother Lode]]''. Period dramas include ''[[The Bostonians (film)|The Bostonians]]''. Historical epics include ''[[The Right Stuff (film)|The Right Stuff]]'', ''[[Kagemusha]]'' and ''[[Ran (film)|Ran]]''. War films include ''Platoon'', ''[[Full Metal Jacket]]'' and ''[[Das Boot]]''. Their stars include [[Tom Berenger]], [[Willem Dafoe]], [[Matthew Modine]] and [[Jürgen Prochnow]]. Romances include ''[[An Officer and a Gentleman]]'', starring [[Richard Gere]], [[Debra Winger]] and [[Louis Gossett Jr.]]

Neo-noir films include ''[[Blow Out]]'' and ''[[Blue Velvet (film)|Blue Velvet]]''. Mob films include ''[[Once Upon a Time in America]]'', ''[[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]]'' and ''[[The Untouchables (film)|The Untouchables]]''. Their stars include [[Al Pacino]] and [[Kevin Costner]].

''[[Sailor Suit and Machine Gun (film)|Sailor Suit and Machine Gun]]'' is a satirical yakuza film. Other [[w:ja:1981年の映画#各国ランキング|popular]] Japanese films included ''[[Imperial Navy (film)|Imperial Navy]]'', ''[[Antarctica (1983 film)|Antarctica]]'', ''[[Legend of the Eight Samurai]]'', ''[[The Burmese Harp (1985 film)|The Burmese Harp]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Milo and Otis]]'', ''[[Hachikō Monogatari]]'' and ''[[The Silk Road (film)|The Silk Road]]''.

[[Gérard Depardieu]] starred in the French films ''[[La Chèvre]]'', ''[[The Last Metro]]'', ''[[Danton (1983 film)|Danton]]'', ''[[Police (1985 film)|Police]]'' and ''[[Jean de Florette]]''. [[Luc Besson]] directed ''[[The Big Blue]]''. [[Jean-Jacques Annaud]] directed ''[[Quest for Fire (film)|Quest for Fire]]'' and ''[[The Bear (1988 film)|The Bear]]''.

'''Animated films'''

After leaving [[Disney]] in 1979, [[Don Bluth]] formed [[Don Bluth Productions|his own studio]] and went on direct ''[[The Secret of NIMH]]'', ''[[An American Tail]]'', ''[[The Land Before Time (film)|The Land Before Time]]'' and ''[[All Dogs Go To Heaven]]''. [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|The Disney studio]] was almost bankrupted after ''[[The Black Cauldron (film)|The Black Cauldron]]'' bombed at the box office. They began to recover with the modest success of [[Ron Clements]] and [[John Musker]] directed ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]''. The live-action animated hybrid [[Robert Zemeckis]] directed ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' co-produced with Steven Spielberg was successful, and the [[Disney Renaissance]] began with ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'', starring [[Jodi Benson]].

Animated films based on popular works include ''[[Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!)]]'',  ''[[Heavy Metal (film)|Heavy Metal]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Mark Twain (1985 film)|The Adventures of Mark Twain]]'', ''[[The Care Bears Movie]]'', ''[[The Transformers: The Movie]]'' and ''[[The Chipmunk Adventure]]''; while original films include ''[[The Last Unicorn (film)|The Last Unicorn]]'', ''[[The Plague Dogs (film)|The Plague Dogs]]'', ''[[Rock & Rule]]'', ''[[Fire and Ice (1983 film)|Fire and Ice]]'', ''[[Abra Cadabra (film)|Abra Cadabra]]'', ''[[The Brave Little Toaster]]'', ''[[The BFG (1989 film)|The BFG]]'', and the first Wallace & Gromit film, ''[[A Grand Day Out]]''.

The 1980s also saw a surge of [[Anime|Japanese anime films]]: [[Hayao Miyazaki]]'s ''[[The Castle of Cagliostro]]'' and ''[[Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (film)|Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind]]'' were successful and led to the foundation of [[Studio Ghibli]], which produced the successful ''[[Castle in the Sky]]'', ''[[My Neighbor Totoro]]'', ''[[Grave of the Fireflies]]'' and ''[[Kiki's Delivery Service]]'' in the 1980s. Other well-known anime films of that decade include ''[[Golgo 13: The Professional]]'', ''[[Macross: Do You Remember Love?]]'', ''[[Lensman (1984 film)|Lensman]]'', ''[[Vampire Hunter D (1985 film)|Vampire Hunter D]]'', ''[[Akira (1988 film)|Akira]]'', ''[[Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland]]'' and the ''[[Urusei Yatsura (film series)|Urusei Yatsura film series]]''. The first theatrical animated franchise, [[List of Doraemon films|the Doraemon film series]] began in 1980 with the release of ''[[Doraemon: Nobita's Dinosaur]]''.