Editing Zenobia (section)

==Descendants==
[[File:Hairan I.jpg|thumb|Septimius Herodianus, might have been the same person as [[Hairan II]], a probable son of Zenobia]]
Aside from Vaballathus, it is unclear if Zenobia had other children, and their alleged identities are subject to scholarly disagreements. The image of a child named [[Hairan II|Hairan]] (II) appears on a seal impression with that of his brother Vaballathus; no name of a mother was engraved and the seal is undated.{{sfn|Hartmann|2001|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=BdcHK8Ll1jMC&pg=PA111 111]}} Odaenathus' son Herodianus is identified by Udo Hartmann with [[Hairan I]], a son of Odaenathus who appears in Palmyrene inscriptions as early as 251.{{sfn|Southern|2008|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=wnTOBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9 9]}} David S. Potter, on the other hand, suggested that Hairan II is the son of Zenobia and that he is Herodianus instead of Hairan I.{{sfn|Potter|2014|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=hGuGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT585 85]}} Nathanael Andrade maintained that Hairan I, Herodianus, and Hairan II are the same person, rejecting the existence of a second Hairan.{{sfn|Andrade|2018|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=mLhwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 121]}}

A controversial Palmyrene inscription mentions the mother of the King [[Septimius Antiochus]]; the name of the queen is missing, and Dittenberger refused to fill the gap with Zenobia's name, but many scholars, such as [[Grace Macurdy]] considered that the missing name is Zenobia.{{sfn|Macurdy|1937|p= [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015019188914;view=1up;seq=137 113]}} Septimius Antiochus may have been Vaballathus' younger brother, or was presented in this manner for political reasons; Antiochus was proclaimed emperor in 273, when Palmyra revolted against Rome for a second time.{{sfn|Southern|2008|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=wnTOBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 5]}} If Antiochus was a son of Zenobia, he was probably a young child not fathered by Odaenathus; Zosimus described him as insignificant, appropriate for a five-year-old boy.{{sfn|Watson|2004|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ2JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 81]}} On the other hand, Macurdy, citing the language Zosimus used when he described him, considered it more plausible that Antiochus was not a son of Zenobia, but a family relation who used her name to legitimize his claim to the throne.{{sfn|Macurdy|1937|p= [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015019188914;view=1up;seq=137 113]}}

The names of Herennianus and [[Timolaus of Palmyra|Timolaus]] were mentioned as children of Zenobia only in the ''Historia Augusta''.{{sfn|Southern|2008|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=wnTOBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 10]}} Herennianus may be a conflation of Hairan and Herodianus; Timolaus is probably a fabrication,{{sfn|Watson|2004|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ2JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 58]}} although the historian [[:de:Dietmar Kienast|Dietmar Kienast]] suggested that he might have been Vaballathus.{{sfn|Southern|2008|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=DqMrR29Cc7MC&pg=PA174 174]}} According to the ''Historia Augusta'', Zenobia's descendants were Roman nobility during the reign of Emperor [[Valens]] (reigned 364–375).{{sfn|Stoneman|2003|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=8kLFfE1qPhIC&pg=PA187 187]}} [[Eutropius (historian)|Eutropius]] and [[Jerome]] chronicled the queen's descendants in Rome during the fourth and fifth centuries.{{sfn|Southern|2015|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=2p9hCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA171 171]}}{{sfn|Bryce|2014|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=q8Z7AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA317 317]}} They may have been the result of a reported marriage to a Roman spouse or offspring who accompanied her from Palmyra; both theories, however, are tentative.{{sfn|Watson|2004|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ2JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 84]}} Zonaras is the only historian to note that Zenobia had daughters;{{sfn|Watson|2004|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=kJ2JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 84]}} he wrote that one married Aurelian, who married the queen's other daughters to distinguished Romans.{{sfn|Banchich|Lane|2009|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=8_CBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA60 60]}} According to Southern, the emperor's marriage to Zenobia's daughter is a fabrication.{{sfn|Southern|2008|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=DqMrR29Cc7MC&pg=PA160 160]}} Another descent claim is the relation of saint [[Zenobius of Florence]] (337–417) with the queen; the Girolami banking family claimed descent from the fifth century saint,{{sfn|Cornelison|2002|p= 436}} and the alleged relation was first noted in 1286.{{sfn|Cornelison|2002|p= 441}} The family also extended their roots to Zenobia by claiming that the saint was a descendant of her.{{sfn|Cornelison|2002|p= 440}}