Editing Xenophobia (section)

==== Japan ====
{{Main|Xenophobia in Japan|}}

During its Edo period, Japan had successfully isolated itself from the outside world, allowing anti-foreign sentiments and myths to multiply unchecked by actual observation.<ref>Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, ''Anti-Foreignism & Western Learning in Early-Modern Japan: The 'New Theses' of 1825'' (1986).</ref> In 2005, a United Nations report expressed concerns about racism in Japan and it also stated that the government's recognition of the depth of the problem was not total.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unic.or.jp/new/pr05-057-E.htm |title=Press Conference by Mr Doudou Diène, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights |access-date=5 January 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329065052/http://www.unic.or.jp/new/pr05-057-E.htm |archive-date=29 March 2007 }}</ref><ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4671687.stm "Japan racism 'deep and profound".] ''[[BBC News]]'' (11 July 2005). Retrieved 5 January 2007.</ref> The author of the report, [[Doudou Diène]] ([[United Nations Special Rapporteur|Special Rapporteur]] of the [[UN Commission on Human Rights]]), concluded after a nine-day investigation that racial discrimination and xenophobia in Japan primarily affected three groups: [[Ethnic issues in Japan#Japanese minorities|national minorities]], [[Dekasegi|Latin Americans of Japanese descent]], mainly [[Japanese Brazilians]], and foreigners from poor countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imadr.org/geneva/2006/G0610396.pdf |title='Overcoming "Marginalization" and "Invisibility"', International Movement against all forms of Discrimination and Racism |access-date=5 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214115324/http://imadr.org/geneva/2006/G0610396.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=14 December 2006}}</ref> Surveys conducted in 2017 and 2019 have shown that 40 to nearly 50% of the foreigners who were surveyed have experienced some form of discrimination.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/04/17/national/social-issues/half-foreign-nationals-tokyo-experience-discrimination-survey-shows/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418140606/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/04/17/national/social-issues/half-foreign-nationals-tokyo-experience-discrimination-survey-shows/|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2019|title=Half of foreign nationals in Tokyo experience discrimination, survey shows|date=17 April 2019|work=The Japan Times|access-date=13 December 2019|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CERD/Shared%20Documents/JPN/INT_CERD_NGO_JPN_31918_E.pdf|title=Joint Civil Society Report on Racial Discrimination in Japan (page 33)|access-date=14 December 2019|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214003330/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CERD/Shared%2520Documents/JPN/INT_CERD_NGO_JPN_31918_E.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Another report has also noted differences in how the media and some Japanese treat visitors from the West as compared to those from East Asia, with the latter being viewed much less positively than the former.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japanpolicyforum.jp/society/pt20171130025011.html|title=Issues related to the increase in tourists visiting Japan from abroad ('How foreign tourists are portrayed' and 'Acts of hate?' sections)|website=japanpolicyforum.jp|access-date=13 December 2019|archive-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115230255/https://www.japanpolicyforum.jp/society/pt20171130025011.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Japan accepted just 16 [[refugees]] in 1999, while the United States took in 85,010 for resettlement, according to the UNHCR. New Zealand, which is 30 times smaller than Japan, accepted 1,140 refugees in 1999. Just 305 persons were recognized as refugees by Japan from 1981, when Japan ratified the UN [[Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees]], to 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDQ/is_2003_Feb_24/ai_98002254 |title=Japan's refugee policy |access-date=17 June 2015 |archive-date=16 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216094857/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDQ/is_2003_Feb_24/ai_98002254 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwanami.co.jp/jpworld/text/ClosedCountry01.html |title=Questioning Japan's 'Closed Country' Policy on Refugees |access-date=17 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413083037/http://www.iwanami.co.jp/jpworld/text/ClosedCountry01.html |archive-date=13 April 2015 }}</ref> Former Prime Minister [[Taro Aso]] called Japan a "one race" nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/member/member.html?nn20051018a7_htm=|title=Aso says Japan is nation of 'one race' – The Japan Times Online|date=19 May 2007}}{{dead link|date=November 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> A 2019 [[Ipsos]] poll also suggested that Japanese respondents had a relatively lower sympathy for refugees compared to most other countries in the survey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2019-06/World-Refugee-Day-2019-Ipsos.pdf|title=Global attitudes towards refugees (page 5)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ipsos.com/en/global-attitudes-towards-refugees|title=Global attitudes towards refugees|website=Ipsos|language=en|access-date=13 December 2019|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214003259/https://www.ipsos.com/en/global-attitudes-towards-refugees|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Sharon Yoon and Yuki Asahina argue that [[Zaitokukai]], a right-wing organization, succeeded in framing Korean minorities as undeserving recipients of Japanese welfare benefits. Even as Zaitokukai declined, the perceptions of a Korean internal threat powerfully influences public fears.<ref>Sharon J. Yoon, and Yuki Asahina, "The Rise and Fall of Japan's New Far Right: How Anti-Korean Discourses Went Mainstream." ''Politics & Society'' 49.3 (2021): 363–402 [https://www.academia.edu/download/68635831/The_Rise_of_Japan_s_New_Far_Right.pdf online]{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}.</ref>