Editing Vincent van Gogh (section)

== Reputation and legacy ==
{{See also|Posthumous fame of Vincent van Gogh|Cultural depictions of Vincent van Gogh}}
[[File:Jo van Gogh-Bonger, by Woodbury and Page-2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Johanna van Gogh-Bonger]], 1889|alt=Black and white formal head shot photo of a young woman, with an easy expression and slight smile]]

After Van Gogh's first exhibitions in the late 1880s, his reputation grew steadily among artists, art critics, dealers and collectors.{{sfnp| Rewald|1986|loc= 244–254}} In 1887, [[André Antoine]] hung Van Gogh's alongside works of [[Georges Seurat]] and [[Paul Signac]], at the [[Théâtre Libre]] in Paris; some were acquired by Julien Tanguy.{{sfnp|Sund|2002|loc= 305}} In 1889, his work was described in the journal ''[[Le Moderniste Illustré]]'' by Albert Aurier as characterised by "fire, intensity, sunshine".{{sfnp|Sund|2002|loc= 307}} Ten paintings were shown at the Société des Artistes Indépendants, in Brussels in January 1890.{{sfnp|McQuillan|1989|loc=72}} French president [[Marie François Sadi Carnot]] was said to have been impressed by Van Gogh's work.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/08/27/van-gogh-not-unappreciated-lifetime-myth-busting-letter-shows/ |title=Van Gogh was not unappreciated in his lifetime, myth-busting letter shows |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |last=Furness |first=Hannah |date=27 August 2018 |access-date=7 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908015803/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/08/27/van-gogh-not-unappreciated-lifetime-myth-busting-letter-shows/ |archive-date=8 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

After Van Gogh's death, memorial exhibitions were held in Brussels, Paris, The Hague and Antwerp. His work was shown in several high-profile exhibitions, including six works at ''[[Les XX]]''; in 1891 there was a retrospective exhibition in Brussels.{{sfnp|McQuillan|1989|loc=72}} In 1892, [[Octave Mirbeau]] wrote that Van Gogh's suicide was an "infinitely sadder loss for art&nbsp;... even though the populace has not crowded to a magnificent funeral, and poor Vincent van Gogh, whose demise means the extinction of a beautiful flame of genius, has gone to his death as obscure and neglected as he lived."{{sfnp|Sund|2002|loc= 305}}

Theo died in January 1891, removing Vincent's most vocal and well-connected champion.{{sfnp|Sund|2002|loc= 310}} Theo's widow Johanna van Gogh-Bonger was a Dutchwoman in her twenties who had not known either her husband or her brother-in-law very long and who suddenly had to take care of several hundreds of paintings, letters and drawings, as well as her infant son, Vincent Willem van Gogh.{{sfnp| Rewald|1986|loc= 244–254}}{{efn|group=note|Her husband had been the sole support of the family, and Johanna was left with only an apartment in Paris, a few items of furniture, and her brother-in-law's paintings, which at the time were "looked upon as having no value at all".{{sfnp|Van Gogh|2009|loc=[http://www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/memoir/nephew/1.html Memoirs of V.W. van Gogh]}}}} Gauguin was not inclined to offer assistance in promoting Van Gogh's reputation, and Johanna's brother Andries Bonger also seemed lukewarm about his work.{{sfnp| Rewald|1986|loc= 244–254}} Aurier, one of Van Gogh's earliest supporters among the critics, died of [[typhoid fever]] in 1892 at the age of 27.{{sfnp| Rewald|1986|loc= 245}}

[[File:Vincent Van Gogh 0013.jpg|thumb|right|upright|''Painter on the Road to Tarascon'', August 1888 (destroyed by fire in the Second World War)|alt=A man wearing a straw hat, carrying a canvas and paintbox, walking to the left, down a tree-lined, leaf-strewn country road]]

In 1892, Émile Bernard organised a small solo show of Van Gogh's paintings in Paris, and Julien Tanguy exhibited his Van Gogh paintings with several consigned from Johanna van Gogh-Bonger. In April 1894, the [[Durand-Ruel]] Gallery in Paris agreed to take 10 paintings on consignment from Van Gogh's estate.{{sfnp| Rewald|1986|loc= 245}} In 1896, the [[Fauvist]] painter [[Henri Matisse]], then an unknown art student, visited [[John Russell (Australian painter)|John Russell]] on [[Belle Île]] off Brittany.{{sfnp| Spurling|1998|loc= 119–138}}<ref name=abc>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/booktalk/stories/s1430343.htm|title=The Unknown Matisse&nbsp;... – Book Talk|last=interview with [[Hilary Spurling]]|date=8 June 2005|work=[[ABC Online]]|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012112023/http://www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/booktalk/stories/s1430343.htm|archive-date=12 October 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Russell had been a close friend of Van Gogh; he introduced Matisse to the Dutchman's work, and gave him a Van Gogh drawing. Influenced by Van Gogh, Matisse abandoned his earth-coloured palette for bright colours.<ref name=abc/>{{sfnp|Spurling|1998|loc= 138}}

In Paris in 1901, a large Van Gogh retrospective was held at the [[Bernheim-Jeune]] Gallery, which excited [[André Derain]] and [[Maurice de Vlaminck]], and contributed to the emergence of Fauvism.{{sfnp| Rewald|1986|loc= 245}} Important group exhibitions took place with the [[Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler|Sonderbund]] artists in Cologne in 1912, the [[Armory Show]], New York in 1913, and Berlin in 1914.{{sfnp|Dorn|Leeman|1990}} [[Henk Bremmer]] was instrumental in teaching and talking about Van Gogh,{{sfnp|Rovers|2007|loc= 262}} and introduced [[Helene Kröller-Müller]] to Van Gogh's art; she became an avid collector of his work.{{sfnp|Rovers|2007|loc= 258}} The early figures in [[German Expressionism]] such as [[Emil Nolde]] acknowledged a debt to Van Gogh's work.{{sfnp|Selz|1968|p= 82}} Bremmer assisted [[Jacob Baart de&nbsp;la&nbsp;Faille]], whose ''[[catalogue raisonné]]'' ''L'Oeuvre de Vincent van Gogh'' appeared in 1928.{{sfnp|Crockett|Daniels|n.d.}}{{efn|group=note|In de&nbsp;la&nbsp;Faille's 1928 catalogue each of van Gogh's works was assigned a number. These numbers preceded by the letter "F" are frequently used when referring to a particular painting or drawing.{{sfnp|Walther|Metzger|1994|loc=721}} Not all the works listed in the original catalogue are now believed to be authentic works of van Gogh.{{sfnp|Feilchenfeldt|2013|loc=278–279}}}} Van Gogh's fame reached its first peak in Austria and Germany before World War I,{{sfnp|Weikop|2007|loc= 208}} helped by the publication of his letters in three volumes in 1914.{{sfnp|Naifeh|Smith|2011|loc= 867}} His letters are expressive and literate, and have been described as among the foremost 19th-century writings of their kind.{{sfnp|McQuillan|1989|loc= 19}} These began a compelling mythology of Van Gogh as an intense and dedicated painter who suffered for his art and died young.{{sfnp|Pomerans|1997|loc= x}} In 1934, the novelist [[Irving Stone]] wrote a biographical novel of Van Gogh's life titled ''[[Lust for Life (novel)|Lust for Life]]'', based on Van Gogh's letters to Theo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0994883/|title=IMDb for Vincent van Gogh|website=[[IMDb]]|access-date=9 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527102007/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0994883/|archive-date=27 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> This novel and the [[Lust for Life (1956 film)|1956 film]] further enhanced his fame, especially in the United States where Stone surmised only a few hundred people had heard of Van Gogh prior to his surprise best-selling book.{{sfnp|Pomerans|1997|loc= xii}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlhn_Kxgm8g | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/dlhn_Kxgm8g| archive-date=14 November 2021 | url-status=live|title=Irving Stone interview |work=[[Day at Night]] |author-link=James Day (journalist)|first=James |last=Day |date=23 April 1974 |access-date=2 August 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 1957, [[Francis Bacon (artist)|Francis Bacon]] based a series of paintings on reproductions of Van Gogh's ''The Painter on the Road to Tarascon'', the original of which was destroyed during the [[Second World War]]. Bacon was inspired by an image he described as "haunting", and regarded Van Gogh as an alienated outsider, a position which resonated with him. Bacon identified with Van Gogh's theories of art and quoted lines written to Theo: "[R]eal painters do not paint things as they are&nbsp;... [T]hey paint them as ''they themselves'' feel them to be."{{sfnp|Farr|Peppiatt|Yard|1999|loc=112}}

[[Don McLean]] composed a song, "[[Vincent (Don McLean song)|Vincent]]", about Van Gogh after reading a biography of the artist. The 1971 song is also known by its opening line, "Starry, Starry Night".<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Did Don McLean Write a Song about Vincent? |website=Van Gogh Museum |accessdate=2025-01-25 |url=https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/art-and-stories/vincent-van-gogh-faq/why-did-don-mclean-write-a-song-about-vincent}}</ref>

Van Gogh's works are among the world's [[List of most expensive paintings|most expensive paintings]]. Those sold for over US$100&nbsp;million (today's equivalent) include ''Portrait of Dr Gachet'',{{refn|{{cite web|first=Andrew|last=Decker| url=http://www.artnet.com/magazine_pre2000/features/decker/decker11-4-98.asp |date=5 November 1998 |title= The Silent Boom|website=[[Artnet]] |access-date= 14 September 2011}}}}'' [[:File:Vincent van Gogh - Portrait of Joseph Roulin.jpg|Portrait of Joseph Roulin]]'' and ''Irises''. The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] acquired a copy of ''[[Wheat Field with Cypresses]]'' in 1993 for $57&nbsp;million by using funds donated by publisher, diplomat and philanthropist [[Walter Annenberg]].{{refn|{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/25/arts/annenberg-donates-a-van-gogh-to-the-met.html |title=Annenberg Donates A van Gogh to the Met |first=Michael |last=Kimmelman |newspaper=The New York Times |date=25 May 1993}}}} In 2015, ''[[Les Alyscamps|L'Allée des Alyscamps]]'' sold for $66.3&nbsp;million at [[Sotheby's]], New York, exceeding its reserve of $40&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/led-66m-van-gogh-sothebys-impressionist-modern-sale-robustly-kicks-off-season-294831|first=Brian|last=Boucher|date=5 May 2015|title=Mysterious Asian Buyer Causes Sensation at Sotheby's $368 Million Impressionist Sale|newspaper=[[Artnet]]|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807123039/https://news.artnet.com/market/led-66m-van-gogh-sothebys-impressionist-modern-sale-robustly-kicks-off-season-294831|archive-date=7 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Minor planet [[4457 van Gogh|4457 Van Gogh]] is named in his honour.<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-540-29925-7_4402 |chapter=(4457) van Gogh |publisher=Springer |date=2003 |pages=383 |isbn=978-3-540-29925-7 |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4402 |title=Dictionary of Minor Planet Names }}</ref>

In October 2022, two [[Just Stop Oil]] activists protesting against the effects of the fossil fuel industry on climate change threw a can of tomato soup on Van Gogh's ''Sunflowers'' in the National Gallery, London, and then glued their hands to the gallery wall. As the painting was covered by glass it was not damaged.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 October 2022 |title=Van Gogh's Sunflowers back on display after oil protesters threw soup on it |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-63254878 |access-date=15 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2022 |title=UK: Climate protesters throw soup on van Gogh's 'Sunflowers' |url=https://apnews.com/article/london-painting-climate-and-environment-b15e0092560b290c04920620b2d7c061 |access-date=15 October 2022 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref>

===Van Gogh Museum===
{{main|Van Gogh Museum}}
[[File:Weesp and Amsterdam (Netherland, June 2020) - 7 (50550627911).jpg|thumb|The Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam]]

Van Gogh's nephew and namesake, [[Vincent Willem van Gogh (art collector)|Vincent Willem van Gogh]] (1890–1978),{{sfnp| Rewald|1986|loc= 253}} inherited the estate after his mother's death in 1925. During the early 1950s he arranged for the publication of a complete edition of the letters presented in four volumes and several languages. He then began negotiations with the Dutch government to subsidise a foundation to purchase and house the entire collection.{{sfnp| Rewald|1986|loc= 252}} Theo's son participated in planning the project in the hope that the works would be exhibited under the best possible conditions. The project began in 1963; architect [[Gerrit Rietveld]] was commissioned to design it, and after his death in 1964 [[Kisho Kurokawa]] took charge.<ref name=nga>{{citation |url=http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/vgmsm.shtm |title=Van Gogh's Van Goghs: The Van Gogh Museum |publisher=National Gallery of Art |access-date=23 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529195527/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/vgmsm.shtm |archive-date=29 May 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> Work progressed throughout the 1960s, with 1972 as the target for its grand opening.{{sfnp| Rewald|1986|loc= 253}}

The [[Van Gogh Museum]] opened in the [[Museumplein]] in Amsterdam in 1973.{{sfnp|Pomerans|1997|loc= xiii}} It became the second most popular museum in the Netherlands, after the [[Rijksmuseum]], regularly receiving more than 1.5&nbsp;million visitors a year. In 2015 it had a record 1.9&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.at5.nl/artikelen/150751/bezoekersrecords_voor_van_gogh_museum_en_nemo|title=Bezoekersrecords voor Van Gogh Museum en NEMO|date=15 December 2015|trans-title=Record breaking number of visitors to the Van Gogh Museum and the NEMO Science Museum|language=nl|work=[[AT5]]|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721082453/http://www.at5.nl/artikelen/150751/bezoekersrecords_voor_van_gogh_museum_en_nemo|archive-date=21 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Eighty-five percent of the visitors come from other countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture-professionals-network/2015/sep/01/van-gogh-museum-chief-axel-ruger-interview|title=Van Gogh Museum chief: it's critical to diversify our income streams|last=Caines|first=Matthew|date=1 September 2015|work=The Guardian|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826101634/https://www.theguardian.com/culture-professionals-network/2015/sep/01/van-gogh-museum-chief-axel-ruger-interview|archive-date=26 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>