Editing Uruguay (section)

== Demographics ==
{{See also|Uruguayans|Demographics of Uruguay}}
[[File:URU-POR_(20).jpg|thumb|left|Uruguayan fans cheering on their country during the [[2018 World Cup]].]]

Uruguayans are of predominantly [[European ethnic groups|European origin]], with 85.2% of the population claiming "white" as their dominant ancestry self-identified in the [[2023 Uruguay census|2023 census]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Ascendencia étnico-racial principal, por categoría, según departamento - Censo 2023 |trans-title=Main ethnic-racial ancestry, by category, according to department - 2023 Census |url=https://www.gub.uy/instituto-nacional-estadistica/comunicacion/publicaciones/anuario-estadistico-nacional-2024-volumen-n-101/21-informacion-censal-2 |accessdate=22 January 2025 |work=2024 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |page= |language=es}}</ref> a decrease from 87.7% over the 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www5.ine.gub.uy/documents/Demograf%C3%ADayEESS/PDF/Demograf%C3%ADa/Atlas_fasciculo_2_Afrouruguayos.pdf|title= ATLAS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO Y DE LA DEL URUGUAY|website=ine.gub.uy|accessdate=22 January 2025}}</ref>
Most Uruguayans of European ancestry are descendants of 19th and 20th century immigrants from Spain,<ref name="dept-state"/> and to a lesser degree Germany, Italy, France, and Britain.<ref name="britannica"/> Earlier settlers had migrated from Argentina.<ref name="britannica"/> People of [[African descent]] make up around five percent of the total.<ref name="britannica"/> There are also important communities of [[Japanese people|Japanese]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Genta Dorado|first=Gustavo|title=La Colectividad Japonesa en Uruguay|date=March 1993|language=es|publisher=Ediciones de la Crítica|location=[[Montevideo]]|oclc=30613716|pages=43–46}}</ref> Overall, the ethnic composition is similar to neighboring Argentine provinces as well as Southern Brazil.<ref name="pmid19639555">{{Cite journal | last1 = Lins | first1 = T. C. | last2 = Vieira | first2 = R. G. | last3 = Abreu | first3 = B. S. | last4 = Grattapaglia | first4 = D. | last5 = Pereira | first5 = R. W. | title = Genetic composition of Brazilian population samples based on a set of twenty-eight ancestry informative SNPs | doi = 10.1002/ajhb.20976 | journal = [[American Journal of Human Biology]] | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 187–192 | date = March–April 2009 | pmid = 19639555 | s2cid = 205301927 | url = https://repositorio.ucb.br:9443/jspui/handle/123456789/7489 | access-date = 7 October 2020 | archive-date = 20 October 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201020004142/https://repositorio.ucb.br:9443/jspui/handle/123456789/7489 | url-status = live | doi-access = free }}</ref>

From 1963 to 1985, an estimated 320,000 Uruguayans emigrated.<ref name="loc-30">{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/uruguay/30.htm|title=Population – Uruguay|publisher=Library of Congress Country Studies|access-date=23 February 2011|archive-date=30 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430025459/http://countrystudies.us/uruguay/30.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The most popular destinations for Uruguayan emigrants are Argentina, followed by the United States, Australia, Canada, Spain, Brazil, Italy, France and Portugal.<ref name="loc-30"/> In 2009, for the first time in 44 years, the country saw an overall positive influx when comparing immigration to emigration. 3,825 residence permits were awarded in 2009, compared with 1,216 in 2005.<ref name="bbc-secret"/> 50% of new legal residents come from Argentina and Brazil. A migration law passed in 2008 gives immigrants the same rights and opportunities that nationals have, with the requisite of proving a monthly income of $650.<ref name="bbc-secret">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11397130|title=Uruguay: South America's best-kept secret?|date=3 October 2010|work=BBC News|access-date=24 February 2011|archive-date=9 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409000445/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11397130|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Montevideo metropolitan area|Metropolitan Montevideo]] is the only large city, with around 1.9&nbsp;million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. The rest of the urban population lives in about 30 towns.<ref name="dept-state" /> Uruguay's rate of population growth is much lower than in other Latin American countries.<ref name="britannica"/> Its median age is 35.3 years, higher than the global average<ref name="dept-state"/> due to its low birth rate, high life expectancy, and relatively high rate of emigration among younger people. A quarter of the population is less than 15 years old, and about a sixth are aged 60 and older.<ref name="britannica"/> In 2017, the average [[total fertility rate]] (TFR) across Uruguay was 1.70 children born per woman, below the replacement rate of 2.1. It remains considerably below the high of 5.76 children born per woman in 1882.<ref>{{citation|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1880&time=1800..2015&country=URY|title=Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries|author=Max Roser|date=2014|work=[[Our World in Data]], [[Gapminder Foundation]]|access-date=6 May 2019|archive-date=14 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014112301/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1880&time=1800..2015&country=URY|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Racial and ethnic composition in Uruguay (2023 census)<ref>{{cite web |title= Ascendencia étnico-racial principal, por categoría, según departamento - Censo 2023 |url= https://www.gub.uy/instituto-nacional-estadistica/comunicacion/publicaciones/anuario-estadistico-nacional-2024-volumen-n-101/21-informacion-censal-2 |work=2024|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |page=|language=es|accessdate= 22 January 2025}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1= Main racial ancestry
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[White people|White]]|#1f77b4|88.0}}
{{bar percent|[[Afro-Uruguayan|Black]]|#2ca02c|10.6}}
{{bar percent|[[Indigenous peoples in Uruguay|Indigenous]]|#d62728|6.4}}
{{bar percent|[[East Asian people|East Asian]]{{efn|group=note|name=note|The official racial term on the Uruguayan census is "amarilla" or "yellow" in English, which refers to people of East Asian descent.}}|#ffd300|0.7}}
{{bar percent|Other/none|DimGray|6.4}}
|caption= "Main" or "most important" ethnoracial ancestry. Total adds up to more than 100% as people were allowed to choose more than one ancestral racial group
}}

A 2017 [[Inter-American Development Bank|IADB]] report on labor conditions for Latin American nations ranked Uruguay as the region's leader overall in all but one subindexes, including gender, age, income, formality, and labor participation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Better Jobs|url=https://mejorestrabajos.iadb.org/en|publisher=IADB|access-date=9 November 2017|archive-date=10 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110114343/https://mejorestrabajos.iadb.org/en|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Largest cities ===
{{Largest cities
| country = Uruguay
| stat_ref = {{cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Uruguay.html |title=Uruguay |website=citypopulation.de |access-date=17 August 2021 }}
| div_name = Department

|city_1 = Montevideo
|div_1 = Montevideo Department{{!}}Montevideo
|pop_1 = 1,304,687
|img_1 = Piscinas Trouville.jpg

|city_2 = Salto, Uruguay{{!}}Salto
|div_2 = Salto Department{{!}}Salto
|pop_2 = 104,011
|img_2 = Palacio de Oficinas Públicas 1.jpg

|city_3 = Ciudad de la Costa
|div_3 = Canelones Department{{!}}Canelones
|pop_3 = 95,176
|img_3 = Puente americas canelones.jpg

|city_4 = Paysandú
|div_4 = Paysandú Department{{!}}Paysandú
|pop_4 = 76,412
|img_4 = Basílica bajo el sol de la tarde.JPG

|city_5 = Las Piedras, Uruguay{{!}}Las Piedras
|div_5 = Canelones Department{{!}}Canelones
|pop_5 = 71,258

|city_6 = Rivera
|div_6 = Rivera Department{{!}}Rivera
|pop_6 = 64,465

|city_7 = Maldonado, Uruguay{{!}}Maldonado
|div_7 = Maldonado Department{{!}}Maldonado
|pop_7 = 62,590

|city_8 = Tacuarembó
|div_8 = Tacuarembó Department{{!}}Tacuarembó
|pop_8 = 54,755

|city_9 = Melo, Uruguay{{!}}Melo
|div_9 = Cerro Largo Department{{!}}Cerro Largo
|pop_9 = 51,830

|city_10 = Mercedes, Uruguay{{!}}Mercedes
|div_10 = Soriano Department{{!}}Soriano
|pop_10 = 41,974

|city_11 = Artigas, Uruguay{{!}}Artigas
|div_11 = Artigas Department{{!}}Artigas
|pop_11 = 40,657

|city_12 = Minas, Uruguay{{!}}Minas
|div_12 = Lavalleja
|pop_12 = 38,446

|city_13 = San José de Mayo
|div_13 = San José Department{{!}}San José
|pop_13 = 36,743

|city_14 = Durazno
|div_14 = Durazno Department{{!}}Durazno
|pop_14 = 34,368

|city_15 = Florida, Uruguay{{!}}Florida
|div_15 = Florida Department{{!}}Florida
|pop_15 = 33,639

|city_16 = Barros Blancos
|div_16 = Canelones Department{{!}}Canelones
|pop_16 = 31,650

|city_17 = Ciudad del Plata
|div_17 = San José Department{{!}}San José
|pop_17 = 31,145

|city_18 = San Carlos, Uruguay{{!}}San Carlos
|div_18 = Maldonado Department{{!}}Maldonado
|pop_18 = 27,471

|city_19 = Colonia del Sacramento
|div_19 = Colonia Department{{!}}Colonia
|pop_19 = 26,231

|city_20 = Pando, Uruguay{{!}}Pando
|div_20 = Canelones Department{{!}}Canelones
|pop_20 = 25,947

}}

{{clear}}

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Uruguay}}

[[File:Iglesia de San Carlos 1.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[San Carlos Borromeo, San Carlos|Church of Saint Charles Borromeo]] in [[San Carlos, Uruguay|San Carlos]] is one of the oldest churches in Uruguay.]]

[[Christianity]] is the largest religion in Uruguay. The country has no official religion; church and state are officially separated,<ref name="dept-state"/> and [[religious freedom]] is guaranteed. A 2008 survey by the INE of Uruguay showed Catholic Christianity as the main religion, with 45.7–81.4%<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://cdn.britannica.com/13/185113-050-AAF2D01C/World-Data-religious-affiliation-pie-chart-Uruguay.jpg |title=Religious Affiliation (2006) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=21 July 2022 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107161452/https://cdn.britannica.com/13/185113-050-AAF2D01C/World-Data-religious-affiliation-pie-chart-Uruguay.jpg |url-status=live }}</ref> of the population; 9.0% are non-Catholic Christians, 0.6% are [[Animists]] or [[Umbanda|Umbandists]] (an [[Afro-Brazilian]] religion), and 0.4% are Jewish. 30.1% reported believing in a god, but not belonging to any religion, while 14% were [[atheist]]s or agnostics.<ref name="ine-rel">{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/anda/ddibrowser/?id=11&section=variable&varid=V157 |title=Encuesta Continua de Hogares 2008 – Religion |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |access-date=2 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114015256/http://www.ine.gub.uy/anda/ddibrowser/?id=11&section=variable&varid=V157 |archive-date=14 November 2010}}</ref> Among the sizeable [[Armenians in Uruguay|Armenian]] community in Montevideo, the dominant religion is Christianity, specifically [[Armenian Apostolic]].<ref>{{cite web|first=David |last=Zenian |date= 1 January 1992 |url=http://www.agbu.org/publications/article.asp?A_ID=533 |title=The Airwaves of Montevideo: An Armenian Community Forum
|publisher=Armenian General Benevolent Union |access-date=2 December 2010 |url-status=dead  |website=AGBU News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116205137/http://agbu.org/publications/article.asp?A_ID=533 |archive-date=16 November 2010}}</ref>

Political observers consider Uruguay the most secular country in the Americas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.morris.umn.edu/academic/laas/Uruguay.html|title=UMM &#124; Latin American Area Studies – Countries|publisher=Morris.umn.edu|date=27 August 2009|access-date=26 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714153604/http://www.morris.umn.edu/academic/laas/Uruguay.html|archive-date=14 July 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Uruguay's secularization began with the relatively minor role of the church in the colonial era, compared with other parts of the [[Spanish Empire]]. The small numbers of Uruguay's indigenous peoples and their resistance to proselytism reduced the influence of the ecclesiastical authorities.<ref name="rel-cs"/>

After independence, [[Anti-clericalism|anti-clerical]] ideas spread to Uruguay, particularly from France, further eroding the influence of the church.<ref name=government>{{cite web|title=Explore Uruguay – About Uruguay Government|url=http://www.explore-uruguay.com/uruguay-government.html|publisher=Explore Uruguay|access-date=23 March 2011|archive-date=14 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314184032/http://www.explore-uruguay.com/uruguay-government.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1837, civil marriage was recognized, and in 1861, the state took over the running of public cemeteries. In 1907, divorce was legalized, and in 1909, all religious instruction was banned from state schools.<ref name="rel-cs"/> Under the influence of the [[Colorado Party (Uruguay)|Colorado]] politician [[José Batlle y Ordóñez]] (1903–1911), complete [[separation of church and state]] was introduced with the new [[Constitution of Uruguay|constitution of 1917]].<ref name="rel-cs">{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/uruguay/43.htm|title=Religion – Uruguay|publisher=Library of Congress Country Studies|access-date=23 February 2011|archive-date=30 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430025445/http://countrystudies.us/uruguay/43.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Uruguay's capital has [[List of synagogues in Uruguay|12 synagogues]] and a community of 20,000 Jews as of 2011. With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of [[aliyah]] as a percentage of the Jewish population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forward.com/articles/135932/touring-montevideo-s-jewish-quarters/|title=Touring Montevideo's Jewish Quarters|date=8 March 2011 |publisher=Forward.com|access-date=13 November 2017|archive-date=26 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126185534/http://forward.com/articles/135932/touring-montevideo-s-jewish-quarters/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Language ===
{{Main|Uruguayan Spanish|Rioplatense Spanish}}

[[Spanish language|Spanish]] is the de facto [[national language]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-29 |title=Proponen establecer por ley que el idioma oficial de Uruguay es el español |trans-title=They propose establishing by law that the official language of Uruguay is Spanish |url=https://www.sarandi690.com.uy/2020/07/29/proponen-establecer-por-ley-que-el-idioma-oficial-de-uruguay-es-el-espanol/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115021514/https://www.sarandi690.com.uy/2020/07/29/proponen-establecer-por-ley-que-el-idioma-oficial-de-uruguay-es-el-espanol/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Radio Sarandí 690 AM |language=es}}</ref> [[Uruguayan Spanish]], as a variant of ''[[Rioplatense Spanish|Rioplatense]]'', employs both {{lang|es|[[voseo]]}} and {{lang|es|[[yeísmo]]}} (with {{IPA|[ʃ]}} or {{IPA|[ʒ]}}) and has a great influence of the [[Italian language]] and its different dialects since it incorporates ''[[lunfardo]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cervantes.es/imagenes/file/biblioteca/situacion_espanol/uruguay_situacion_espanol.pdf |title=Particularities of the Spanish language in Uruguay |access-date=15 November 2023 |archive-date=15 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115014121/https://www.cervantes.es/imagenes/file/biblioteca/situacion_espanol/uruguay_situacion_espanol.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In the border areas with Brazil in the northeast of the country, [[Uruguayan Portuguese]] is spoken, which consists of a mixture of Spanish with [[Brazilian Portuguese]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hacia el portuñol "patrimonio inmaterial de la humanidad" {{!}} Comisión Coordinadora del Interior |url=https://www.cci.edu.uy/node/95 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=www.cci.edu.uy |archive-date=15 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115014139/https://www.cci.edu.uy/node/95 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is a dialect without formally defined orthography and without any official recognition.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandez |first=Freddy |date=2006-09-01 |title=Portuñol de Rivera pasó de estigma a riqueza lingüística |trans-title=Portuñol of Rivera went from stigma to linguistic wealth |url=http://www.elpais.com.uy/ProDig/Uruguayos/06/03/16/esp_urugud_206659.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901223003/http://www.elpais.com.uy/ProDig/Uruguayos/06/03/16/esp_urugud_206659.asp |archive-date=1 September 2006 |access-date=2023-11-15 |work=Diario El País |department=Uruguayos}}</ref> [[English language|English]] is the most widespread foreign language among the Uruguayan people, being part of the educational curriculum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-22 |title=56% de los uruguayos tienen conocimientos de inglés, aunque solo 13,6% tiene certificación oficial |url=https://ladiaria.com.uy/educacion/articulo/2020/7/56-de-los-uruguayos-tienen-conocimientos-de-ingles-aunque-solo-136-tiene-certificacion-oficial/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522074234/https://ladiaria.com.uy/educacion/articulo/2020/7/56-de-los-uruguayos-tienen-conocimientos-de-ingles-aunque-solo-136-tiene-certificacion-oficial/ |archive-date=2022-05-22 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=la diaria |language=es-UY}}</ref>

As few [[Indigenous peoples in Uruguay|indigenous people]] exist in the population, no indigenous languages are thought to remain in active use in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=UY|title=Ethnologue report for Uruguay|publisher=Ethnologue.org|access-date=2 December 2010|archive-date=7 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707075945/http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=UY|url-status=live}}</ref> Another spoken dialect was the [[Patois]], which is an [[Occitan language|Occitan]] dialect. The dialect was spoken mainly in the [[Colonia Department]], where the first pilgrims settled, in the city called [[La Paz, Colonia|La Paz]]. There are still written tracts of the language in the Waldensians Library (Biblioteca Valdense) in the town of [[Colonia Valdense]], [[Colonia Department]]. Patois speakers arrived to Uruguay from the [[Piedmont]]. Originally, they were Vaudois who become [[Waldensians]], giving their name to the city Colonia Valdense, which translated from the Spanish to mean "Waldensian Colony".<ref>{{cite book |url=http://dedicaciontotal.udelar.edu.uy/adjuntos/produccion/742_academicas__academicaarchivo.pdf |title=Etnicidad y Lenguaje – La aculturación socio lingüística de los inmigrantes italianos en Montevideo |author=Graciela Barrios |publisher=Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación Universidad de la República |date=2008 |access-date=21 April 2017 |archive-date=12 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112203153/http://dedicaciontotal.udelar.edu.uy/adjuntos/produccion/742_academicas__academicaarchivo.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2001, [[Uruguayan Sign Language|Uruguayan Sign Language (LSU)]] was recognized as an official language of Uruguay under Law 17.378.<ref name=LSU />

=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in Uruguay}}
[[File:Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo 25.jpg|thumb|Faculty of Medicine of the [[University of the Republic (Uruguay)|University of the Republic]], founded in 1849|alt=]]
[[Education in Uruguay]] is [[secularism|secular]], free,<ref name="UNASEP"/> and compulsory for 14 years, starting at the age of 4.<ref name="iadb"/> The system is divided into six levels of education: early childhood (3–5 years), primary (6–11 years), basic secondary (12–14 years), upper secondary (15–17 years), higher education (18 and up), and postgraduate education.<ref name="iadb">[http://www.iadb.org/document.cfm?id=35521105 Uruguay, Secondary and technical education and teacher training support program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118151726/https://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=35521105 |date=18 January 2021 }} [[Inter-American Development Bank]] (pp. 7–8)</ref> Public education is the primary responsibility of three institutions: the [[Ministry of Education and Culture (Uruguay)|Ministry of Education and Culture]], which coordinates education policies; the [[National Public Education Administration]], which formulates and implements policies on early to secondary education; and the [[University of the Republic (Uruguay)|University of the Republic]], responsible for higher education.<ref name="iadb" /> In 2009, the government planned to invest 4.5% of GDP in education.<ref name="UNASEP">{{cite web|url=http://www.conuruyork.org/Comercial/Invest%20in%20Uruguay%20-%20UnASeP%20.pdf |title=Invest in Uruguay — Unidad de Apoyo al Sector Privado |page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174825/http://www.conuruyork.org/Comercial/Invest%20in%20Uruguay%20-%20UnASeP%20.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=25 June 2012}}</ref>

Uruguay ranks high on standardized tests such as [[Programme for International Student Assessment|PISA]] at a regional level but is also below some countries with similar levels of income to the [[OECD]] average.<ref name="UNASEP" /> In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest [[standard deviation]]s among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level.<ref name="UNASEP" /> Uruguay is part of the [[One Laptop per Child]] project, and in 2009 it became the first country in the world to provide a laptop for every primary school student<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2009/10/18/uruguay-becomes-first-nation-to-provide-a-laptop-for-every-prima/|title=Uruguay becomes first nation to provide a laptop for every primary school student|date=18 October 2009 |publisher=Engadget|access-date=2 December 2010|archive-date=24 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224212144/http://www.engadget.com/2009/10/18/uruguay-becomes-first-nation-to-provide-a-laptop-for-every-prima/|url-status=live}}</ref> as part of the [[Plan Ceibal]].<ref name="olpc-bbc">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8309583.stm|title=Laptop for every pupil in Uruguay|date=16 October 2009|work=BBC News|access-date=23 February 2011|first=Verónica|last=Psetizki|archive-date=16 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216061841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8309583.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the 2007–2009 period, 362,000 pupils and 18,000 teachers were involved in the scheme; around 70% of the laptops were given to children who did not have computers at home.<ref name="olpc-bbc" /> The OLPC project represents less than 5% of the country's education budget.<ref name="olpc-bbc" />